• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.5029-5034
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• 2014

This study aimed to summarize published epidemiological evidence for the relationship between pancreatitis and subsequent risk of pancreatic cancer (PC). We searched Medline and Embase for epidemiological studies published by February $5^{th}$, 2014 examining the risk of PC in pancreatitis patients using highly inclusive algorithms. Information about first author, year of publication, country of study, recruitment period, type of pancreatitis, study design, sample size, source of controls and attained age of subjects were extracted by two researchers and Stata 11.0 was used to perform the statistical analyses and examine publication bias. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with the random effects model. A total of 17 articles documenting 3 cohort and 14 case-control studies containing 14,667 PC cases and 17,587 pancreatitis cases were included in this study. The pooled OR between pancreatitis and PC risk was 7.05 (95%CI: 6.42-7.75). Howeever, the pooled ORs of case-control and cohort studies were 4.62 (95%CI: 4.08-5.22) and 16.3 (95%CI: 14.3-18.6) respectively. The risk of PC was the highest in patients with chronic pancreatitis (pooled OR=10.35; 95%CI: 9.13-11.75), followed by unspecified type of pancreatitis (pooled OR=6.41; 95%CI: 4.93-8.34), both acute and chronic pancreatitis (pooled OR=6.13; 95%CI: 5.00-7.52), and acute pancreatitis (pooled OR=2.12; 95%CI: 1.59-2.83). The pooled OR of PC in pancreatitis cases diagnosed within 1 year was the highest (pooled OR=23.3; 95%CI: 14.0-38.9); and the risk in subjects diagnosed with pancreatitis for no less than 2, 5 and 10 years were 3.03 (95%CI: 2.41-3.81), 2.82 (95%CI: 2.12-3.76) and 2.25 (95%CI: 1.59-3.19) respectively. Pancreatitis, especially chronic pancreatitis, was associated with a significantly increased risk of PC; and the risk decreased with increasing duration since diagnosis of pancreatitis.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

The length, the frequency, and the methods of surveillance for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) of the pancreas are still debating. According to the recent guidelines, IPMN is stratified into "high-risk stigmata" or absolute indication and "worrisome features" or relative indication as a guide in managing these patients, either those with resection of the lesion or those under surveillance. The risk of malignant transformation was quite low for branch duct-IPMNs without worrisome features or high risk stigmata. However, because the incidence rate of pancreatic cancer in these patients increase linearly with time, continued long-term surveillance is therefore important for patients with low-risk, as well as higher-risk, IPMN. Considering the high prevalence of malignancy, main duct-IPMN should be treated by surgical resection. Among patients with these type IPMNs, segmental dilatation of the main pancreatic duct without any mural nodules and larger than 10 mm of main pancreatic duct might not be immediately resected and need very careful examination and observation. The risk related to a major pancreatic resection must balance the risk of surveillance in patients with IPMN of the pancreas who have co-morbidity and are elderly.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.184-190
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• 2002

Clinical application of positron emission tomography (PET) is rapidly increasing for the detection and staging of cancer at whole-body studies performed with the glucose analogue tracer 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). Although FDG PET cannot match the anatomic resolution of conventional imaging techniques in gastrointestinal and abdominal organs, it is particularly useful for identification and characterization of whole body at the same time. FDG PET can show foci of metastatic disease that may not be apparent at conventional anatomic imaging and can aid in the characterization of indeterminate soft-tissue masses. Most gastrointestinal cancer need to surgical management. FDG PET can improve the selection of patients for surgical treatment and thereby reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with inappropriate surgery. FDG PET is also useful for the early detection of recurrence and the monitoring of therapeutic effect. The gastrointestinal cancers, such as gastroesophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer, are common malignancies in Korea. PET is one of the most promising and useful methodology for the management of gastric cancer as well as other gastrointestinal cancers.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 2023

Backgrounds/Aims: We aimed to build a machine learning tool to help predict low-grade intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) in order to avoid unnecessary surgical resection. IPMNs are precursors to pancreatic cancer. Surgical resection remains the only recognized treatment for IPMNs yet carries some risks of morbidity and potential mortality. Existing clinical guidelines are imperfect in distinguishing low-risk cysts from high-risk cysts that warrant resection. Methods: We built a linear support vector machine (SVM) learning model using a prospectively maintained surgical database of patients with resected IPMNs. Input variables included 18 demographic, clinical, and imaging characteristics. The outcome variable was the presence of low-grade or high-grade IPMN based on post-operative pathology results. Data were divided into a training/validation set and a testing set at a ratio of 4:1. Receiver operating characteristics analysis was used to assess classification performance. Results: A total of 575 patients with resected IPMNs were identified. Of them, 53.4% had low-grade disease on final pathology. After classifier training and testing, a linear SVM-based model (IPMN-LEARN) was applied on the validation set. It achieved an accuracy of 77.4%, with a positive predictive value of 83%, a specificity of 72%, and a sensitivity of 83% in predicting low-grade disease in patients with IPMN. The model predicted low-grade lesions with an area under the curve of 0.82. Conclusions: A linear SVM learning model can identify low-grade IPMNs with good sensitivity and specificity. It may be used as a complement to existing guidelines to identify patients who could avoid unnecessary surgical resection.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.76-86
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• 2023

Backgrounds/Aims: The aim of this study was to describe short- and long-term outcomes of patients who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) at a typical United Kingdom hepatopancreatobiliary unit. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all PD patients with histologically-confirmed pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), ampullary adenocarcinoma (AA), or distal cholangiocarcinoma (CC) from September 1st, 2006 to May 31st, 2015 was carried out. The following information was obtained: demographics, comorbidities, preoperative investigations, neoadjuvant treatment, operative details, postoperative management, complications, adjuvant treatment, five-year recurrence, and five-year survival. Effects of selected preoperative variables on short- and long-term outcomes were investigated. Results: Of 271 included patients, 57.9% had PDAC, 25.8% had AA, and 16.2% had CC. In total, 67.9% experienced morbidity and 17.3% developed a Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III complication. The 90-day mortality was 3.3%. Clinically-relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula, bile leak, gastrojejunal leak, postpancreatectomy haemorrhage and delayed gastric emptying affected 8.1%, 4.1%, 0.0%, 9.2%, and 19.9% of patients, respectively. American Society of Anesthesiologists grade III-VI correlated with overall morbidity (p = 0.002) and major morbidity (p = 0.009), but not 90-day mortality or five-year survival. The same pattern was observed in patients with a preoperative serum bilirubin > 29 µmol/L and/or a neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio > 3.1. Five-year cancer recurrence and five-year survival were 68.3% and 22.5%, respectively. PDAC patients had higher five-year recurrence but lower five-year survival rates (both p = 0.001). Conclusions: In our series, the majority of patients experienced a complication. However, few patients experienced major morbidity. Surgical risk factors did not affect five-year survival.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.65-66
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• 2000

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 1989

Neurolytic splanchnic nerve block is an effective method for the relief of pain of upper abdominal cancer. Nine cases of intractable upper abdominal cancer pain were treated by splanchnic nerve block with absolute alcohol (25 ml) at the pain clinic of Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University, during a 19 month period from March, 1988 to September, 1989. The group included six patients with stomach cancer, two patients with pancreatic cancer, and one patient with hepatobiliary cancer. We used fluoroscopy in all cases of alcohol spianchnic nerve block to determine both, the position of the needle tip, and the spread of the neurolytic solution. Of the 9 patients, 6 patients had excellent pain relief, and 3 patients who had combined upper abdominal and lower back pain had relieved upper abdominal pain only, but remaining lower back pain. Of the 9 patients', 5 patients had excellent pain relief through the patients remaining life (1-2 months) in which follow up was possible.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.328-333
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• 2002

Purpose : To analyze the treatment results of concurrent chemoradiation with oral 5-FU plus Gemcitabine or Paclitaxel for unresectable pancreatic cancer. Materials & Methods : The patients, who were diagnosed by imaging modalities or by explo-laparotomy, were treated with concurrent chemoradiation. Radiotherapy was delivered to primary tumor and regional lymph nodes, and the total dose was 45 Gy. Patients received Gemcitabine $1,000\;mg/m^2$ or Paclitaxel $50\;mg/m^2$ weekly and oral 5-FU daily The total number of cycles of chemotherapy ranged from 1 to 39 (median, 11 cycles). The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 36 months, Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Results : Fifty-four patients between Jan. 1999 to Nov. 2001 were included in this study. Forty-two patients who completed the planned treatment were included in this analysis. The patients' age ranged from 37 to 73 years (median, 50 years) and the male to female ratio was 30:12. Treatment was interrupted for 12 patients due to: disease progression for 6 $(50\%)$, poor performance status for 4 $(33.3\%)$, intercurrent disease for 1 $(8.3\%)$, and refusal for 1 $(8.3\%)$. Response evaluation was possible for 40 patients. One patient gained complete remission and 24 patients gained partial remission, hence the response rate was $59\%$. The survival rates were $46.7\%\;and\;17.0\%$ at 1 year and 2 years, respectively with a median survival time of 12 months. Patients treated with Paclitaxel showed superior outcomes compared to those patients treated with Gemcitabine, in terms of both response rate and survival rate although this difference was not statistically significant. Grade III or IV hematologic toxicity was shown in 8 patients $(19\%)$, while grade III or IV non-hematologic toxicity was shown in 5 patients $(12\%)$. Conclusion : Concurrent chemoradiation with oral 5-FU and Gemcitabine or Paclitaxel improves both the response rate and survival rate in patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. A prospective study should be investigated in order to improve both the patient selection and the treatment outcome as well as to reduce the toxicity.

• 대한위암학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.24-33
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• 2002

Clinical application of positron emission tomography (PET) is rapidly increasing for the detection and staging of cancer at whole-body studies performed with the glucose analogue tracer 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). Although FDG PET cannot match the anatomic resolution of conventional imaging techniques in gastrointestinal and abdominal organs, it is particularly useful for identification and characterization of whole body at the same time. FDG PET can show foci of metastatic disease that may not be apparent at conventional anatomic imaging and can aid in the characterization of indeterminate soft-tissue masses. Most gastrointestinal cancer need to surgical management. FDG PET can improve the selection of patients for surgical treatment and thereby reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with inappropriate surgery. FDG PET is also useful for the early detection of recurrence and the monitoring of therapeutic effect. The gastrointestinal cancers, such as gastroeso-phageal cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer, are common malignancies in Korea. PET is one of the most promising and useful methodology for the management of gastric cancer as well as other gastrointestinal cancers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2679-2681
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• 2016

Background: Gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NEN) are relatively rare tumors, not equally distributed in gastro-intestinal system. In 2010, a revised version of the WHO classification of GEP-NENs was published. This study reports for the first time the distribution and characteristics of GEP-NEN in a Lebanese population. Materials and Methods: This descriptive retrospective study concerns all the digestive neuroendocrine tumors with their characteristics diagnosed in $H\hat{o}tel$ Dieu de France in Beirut, Lebanon from 2001 to 2012, all the pathology reports being reanalyzed according to the latest WHO 2010 classification. The characteristics and features of GEP-NEN analyzed in this study were age, gender, grade and site. Results: A total of 89 GEP-NENs were diagnosed, representing 28.2% of all neuroendocrine tumors. The mean age of GEP-NEN patients was 58.7 years and the M/F sex ratio was 1.2. The primary localization was as follows: 21.3%(19) pancreatic, 18% (16) gastric, 15.7% (14) duodenal, 11.2% (10) appendix, 10.1% (9) intestinal, 10.1% (9) colorectal (7.9% colonic and 2.2% rectal), 5.6% (4) hepatic, 2.2% (2) ampulla, 1.1% (1) esophageal and 7.9%(5) NOS digestive (metastatic with unknown primary). Of the 89 patients with GEP-NEN, 56.2% (50) were diagnosed as grade I, 11.2% (10) as grade II, 20.2% (18) as grade III and 12.4% (11) were considered as mixed adeno-neuroendocrine carcinomas (MANEC). Conclusions: This study, one of the rare examples based on the 2010 WHO classification of neuroendocrine tumors in the literature, indicates that in the Lebanese population, all duodenal and appendicular tumors are G1 and the majority of MANEC tumors are gastric and pancreatic tumors. Moreover, more duodenal tumors and fewer rectal tumors were encountered in our study compared to European reports.