• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.570-570
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• 2001

Complete obturation of the root canal system, with a dimensionally stable material, is a goal in conventional root canal therapy. However, there have been a multitude of empiric opinions regarding the root canal obturation. The purpose of this presentation was to review the various issues on canal obturation.(omitted)

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.567-571
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• 2018

Obturation is a important procedure of root canal treatment. Canal filling should be both provide a hermetic seal for the root canal system and eliminate leakage channel from the oral cavity. Gutta-percha have been the standard material of choice for root canal obturation. Canal filling has been aimed at maximizing the amount of gutta-percha and minimizing the amount of sealer. However recently, single cone technique has been introduced that include calcium silicate-based sealer and single gutta-percha cone. It is important to select an obturation technique that offers consistency and is easy to use. From the standpoint of appropriate technology, the single cone technique is thought to be useful for general dentist.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.572-572
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• 2001

The meaning of obturating root canal is to substitute an inert filling materials in the prepared canal space in order to eliminate all avenues of leakage from the oral cavity or periradicular tissue into root canal system. Inadequate obturation induce the infiltration of periapical tissue fluids, which provide materials for growth of microorganisms or localization of bacteria, into dead space of loosely filled canal. Most parts of endodontic failure is attributed to inadequate obturation of root canal system.(omitted)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.12.1-12.9
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• 2021

Objectives: The present study aims to compare the obturation quality of 2 confluence confirmation techniques in artificial maxillary first premolars showing Vertucci type II root canal configuration. Materials and Methods: Thirty artificial maxillary premolars having Vertucci type II root canal configuration were made. They were divided into 3 groups according to the confluence confirmation technique as follows. Gutta-percha indentation (GPI) group (confluence confirmation using a gutta-percha cone and a K file); electronic apex locator (EAL) group (confluence confirmation using K files and EAL); and no confluence detection (NCD) group. In the GPI group and the EAL group, shaping and obturation were performed with the modified working length (WL). In the NCD group, shaping was performed without WL adjustment and obturation was carried out with an adjusted master cone. Micro-computed tomography was used before preparation and after obturation to calculate the percentage of gutta-percha occupied volume (%GPv) and the volume increase in the apical 4 mm. Data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey's test. Results: Statistically significant difference was not found in terms of the %GPv from the apex to apical 4 mm. However, the NCD group showed a statistically significant volume increase compared with the EAL group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In terms of gutta-percha occupied volume, no significant difference was observed among the 3 groups. Confluence confirmation using an EAL in teeth with Vertucci type II configuration showed less volume increase during canal shaping compared with no confluence confirmation.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.571-571
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• 2001

The purpose of obturating the prepared root canal can be simply stated as to eliminate all avenues of leakage from the oral cavity or the periradicular tissues into the root canal system and to seal within the system any irritants that cannot be fully removed during canal cleaning and shaping procedures. The ability to achieve three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system is primarily dependent on the quality of the canal cleaning and shaping and the skill of the clinician.(omitted)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.181-189
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of apical seal produced by ultrasonic instrumentation. 120 extracted, permanent single rooted teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups of 20 teeth and root canals were enlarged & obturated according to Table I. After canal obturation, the obturated teeth were immersed in 2.5 % Methylene blue for 72 hrs. at $37^{\circ}C$ incubator and longitudinally sectioned. The apical sealing ability was evaluated by measuring the degree of dye penetration into the canal. The results were as follows: 1. All groups showed varying depth of dye penetration. 2. There were no significant differences between Group I and N, Group II and V, Group III and VI. (P>0.05) 3. Regardless of obturation method, there were no significant differences between hand instrumented group and ultrasonic instrumented group.(P>0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.277-283
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the two warm gutta-percha filling techniques by measuring the weight changes of resin blocks before and after canal filling in ribbon shaped canal. Simulated ribbon shaped root canals in 30 transparent resin blocks were instrumented to #40 using .06 taper Profile. 15 resin blocks were obturated with gutta-percha using cold lateral condensation. Warm lateral condensation using the Endotec II was then accomplished on the same 15 blocks. Another 15 resin blocks were obturated using the System B. All canals were obturated without sealer. The resin blocks were weighed after canal preparation and after each subsequent obturation, and then weight changes of the resin blocks were calculated The results were as follows. 1. Warm lateral condensation using Endotec II and continuous wave of condensation using System B produced a denser obturation of gutta-percha compared with conventional cold lateral condensation (p<0.01). 2. There was no significant difference between warm lateral condensation and continuous wave condensation. In conclusion, the warm gutta-percha condensation techniques like warm lateral condensation and continuous wave condensation can be expected to bring favorable canal obturation results in ribbon shaped canals.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.27.1-27.10
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• 2021

This study describes 6 cases of endodontic overfilling with successful clinical outcomes during long-term (up to 35 years) radiographic follow-up. Successful endodontic treatment depends on proper shaping, disinfection, and obturation of root canals. Filling materials should completely fill the root canal space without exceeding the anatomical apex. Overfilling may occur when the filling material extrudes into the periapical tissues beyond the apex. The present case series describes 6 root canal treatments in which overfilling of root canal sealer and gutta-percha accidentally occurred. Patients' teeth were periodically checked with periapical radiographs in order to evaluate the outcomes during long-term follow-up. All cases showed healing and progressive resorption of the extruded materials in the periapex. The present cases showed that if a 3-dimensional seal was present at the apical level, overfilling did not negatively affect the long-term outcomes of root canal treatment.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.356-363
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to compare the apical sealing effect of Microseal obturation technique with lateral condensation technique in 26 recently extracted single rooted teeth. The root canals were instrumented using step-back technique and obturated with laterally condensed gutta-percha or Microseal. Teeth were suspended in methylene blue dye for 2 days and then longitudinary splited. The apical microleakage and the adaptability of gutta-percha to the root canal wall were examined under a stereomicroscope at ${\times}20$ magnification. The results were as follows: 1. The mean leakage was 1.38${\pm}$1.18 mm for laterally condensed gutta-percha group, and 0.71${\pm}$0.57 mm for Microseal gutta-percha group. But there was no statistical difference between two groups. 2. In Microseal gutta-percha group, they showed no gap between the master cone and Microseal gutta-percha, and showed homogeneous mass. 3. In contrast, laterally condensed gutta-percha group showed some gaps not only between gutta-percha cones, but also between gutta-percha cones and the canal walls, and the gaps were filled with some sealer. And also this group showed some amout of sealer on the root canal walls, Within the limits of the results of this experiment, Microseal gutta-percha obturation technique demonstrated relatively favorable apical sealing effect and shorter obturation time. Thus, it is thought that this obturation technique is a acceptable method for clinical use but further studies on this matter should be conducted.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2017

Objectives: To determine the optimal timing for post space preparation of root canals sealed with epoxy resin-based AH Plus sealer in terms of its polymerization and influence on apical leakage. Materials and Methods: The epoxy polymerization of AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey) as a function of time after mixing (8, 24, and 72 hours, and 1 week) was evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and microhardness measurements. The change in the glass transition temperature ($T_g$) of the material with time was also investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Fifty extracted human single-rooted premolars were filled with gutta-percha and AH Plus, and randomly separated into five groups (n = 10) based on post space preparation timing (immediately after root canal obturation and 8, 24, and 72 hours, and 1 week after root canal obturation). The extent of apical leakage (mm) of the five groups was compared using a dye leakage test. Each dataset was statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test (${\alpha}=0.05$). Results: Continuous epoxy polymerization of the material with time was observed. Although the $T_g$ values of the material gradually increased with time, the specimens presented no clear $T_g$ value at 1 week after mixing. When the post space was prepared 1 week after root canal obturation, the leakage was significantly higher than in the other groups (p < 0.05), among which there was no significant difference in leakage. Conclusions: Poor apical seal was detected when post space preparation was delayed until 1 week after root canal obturation.