• 치과방사선
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 1983

Radiographic measurements on the width of mandibular cortical plate and the lamina dura and on the root length were done in 42 patients who were in long-term Dilantin medication. Osteoporosis and root abnormalities were also investigated. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The number of male patients was greater than that of female patients. 2. The width of mandibular cortical plate was thinner in patient group than in control group. 3. There was no significant change in the width of lamina dura between the patient group and control group. 4. The root length of patient group was generally shorter than that of control group. 5. There were evidences of generalized mandibular osteoporosis and alteration in mandibular canal wall in 8 patients. (19%) 6. In Dilantin induced osteomalacia, the radiographic changes of mandibular canal wall and mandibular cortical plate were prominent, but that of lamina dura was not significant.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2001년도 추계학술대회(제116회) 및 13회 Workshop 제3회 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회 초록집
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• pp.553-553
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to identificate root canal system including ideal access placement, root curvature, canal configuration, incidence of isthmus in mandibular incisors for success of endodontic treatment. 200 mandibular incisors were selected. The ideal access placement was determimed as follows. The teeth were radiographed from mesiodistal and buccolingual views using intraoral dental film. The image was divided into coronal, middle and apical third using the proximal film. Straight line access was determined by measuring the faciolingual canal width and placing points at midway point between the buccal and lingual wall at the junction of the middle and apical third and at the juntion of coronal and middle third of the root canal.(omitted)

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2001년도 추계학술대회(제116회) 및 13회 Workshop 제3회 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회 초록집
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• pp.562.2-562
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to identificate root canal system including ideal access placement, root curvature, canal configuration, incidence of isthmus in mandibular incisors for success of endodontic treatment. 200 mandibular incisors were selected. The ideal access placement was determined as follows. The teeth were radiographed from mesiodistal and buccolingual views using intraoral dental film. The image was divided into coronal, middle and apical third using the proximal film. Straight line access was determined by measuring the faciolingual canal width and placing points at midway point between the buccal and lingual wall at the junction of the middle and apical third and at the juntion of coronal and middle third of the root canal.(omitted)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2007

C-shape 근관은 주로 하악 제 2대구치에서 보이는 해부학적 변이 형태로서, 그 특징은 각 근관을 연결하는 fin이나 web이 존재한다. 이런 해부학적으로 복잡함은 근관치료시에 세정과 성형 및 근관충전을 방해하며, 과다한 기구 조작시에 뜻하지 않는 천공을 유발하기도 한다. 이 연구의 목적은 C-shape 치근을 가진 하악 제2 대구치의 해부학적인 형태와 치근의 위치에 따른 최소 근관벽 두께에 대하여 연구하고자 하였다. 발거된 하악 대구치중 C-shape 치근을 가진 치아를 30개 선별하여 방사선 사진 및 협측, 설측, 치근단 부위를 디지털 카메라를 이용하여 촬영하였다. 자가 중합형 교정용 레진 (Orthodontics resin, Densply/Caulk, U.S.A)을 이용하여 치관부를 제거한 치아를 매몰한 후 각각의 시편을 Accutom-50 (Struers, Denmark)에 고정시켜 1 mm 간격으로 절단, 연마한 다음 절단면을 수술용현미경에 연결된 디지털 카메라 (Coolpix 995, Nikon, Tokyo, Japan)를 이용하여 각각의 상을 촬영하였다. 30개 치아에서 촬영한 197개의 치아단면을 Root thickness gauge program을 이용하여 근관형태의 변화를 분류하고 부위별 근관과 치아외벽 사이에 존재하는 상아질의 최소두께에 대해 연구 분석하였다. 1. 근관입구에서 C I이 가장 많이 (73%) 관찰되었으나 치근단부로 갈수록 근관 형태의 다양한 변화를 보여 C II와 C III의 근관형태가 많이 관찰되었으며, 11 개의 (36%)치아에서는 근관입구에서 치근단부까지 근관형태의 변화를 보이지 않았다. 근관입구에서 단지 2개의 치아에서 나타난 C III type은 치근단부로 갈수록 높은 발현빈도를 나타내었다. 2. C-shape 근관은 근관입구 부위에서는 continuous 나 semicolon canal을 가지나 치근단부로 갈수록 2개나 3개의 근관을 갖는 경우가 많다. 3.평균적인 근관과 치질사이의 최소거리는 근첨부의 설측부위에서 나타났다.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2017

목적: Passive irrigation (PI)과 Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI)의 상아질 잔사 제거 효율성을 비교하는 것이다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 16 mm 길이로 표준화된 하악 소구치 치근을 근관 확대 후 종단으로 이등분 하였다. 분리된 한쪽 상아질벽에는 길이 4 mm, 너비 0.2 mm, 깊이 0.5 mm의 표준화된 구를 형성하였고, 반대쪽에는 직경 0.3 mm, 깊이 0.5 mm인 3개의 반구 형태의 함요를 형성하였다. 각 구와 함요에는 NaOCl과 혼합된 상아질 잔사로 채우고, 퍼티 인상재를 사용하여 재조합하였다. Group 1은 PI를 이용하고 Group 2는 PUI를 이용하여 각 근관내를 세정하였다. 현미경과 디지털카메라로 절편의 근관벽을 촬영하고, 구와 함요에 잔존하는 상아질 잔사의 양을 scoring system을 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: 근관의 중앙 1/3에서 group 1이 group 2에 비해 잔사를 더 많이 제거하였지만, 치근단부에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: 하악 소구치에서 근관에 기구가 닿지 못하는 부위를 세정시, 근관의 중앙 1/3에서 PUI를 사용하는 것이 PI에 비해 상아질 잔사의 제거 효율이 우수했지만, 치근단부에서는 PUI와 PI의 유의한 차이가 없었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.432-440
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identificate root canal system including ideal access placement, root curvature, canal configuration, incidence of isthmus in mandibular incisors for success of endodontic treatment. 200 mandibular incisors were selected. The ideal access placement was determimed as follows. The teeth there radiographed from mesiodistal and buccolingual views using intraoral dental film. The image was divided into coronal, middle and apical third using the proximal film. Straight line access was determined by measuring the faciolingual canal width and placing points at midway point between the buccal and lingual wall at the junction of the middle and apical third and at the juntion of coronal and middle third of the root canal. A line was drawn connecting these two points extending through the crown of the tooth. The point at which the line crossed the external crown surface was recorded as facial, incisal, lingual. Degree of root curvature was determined by Schneider Protractor Method. Both section method and clearing method were used in this study. By section method, 100 mandibular incisors were embedded in clear resin and transeverse serial sectioned at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0mm level from root apex. The resected surfaces were stained by methylene blue and examined under $\times$40 magnification with a stereomicroscope. By clearing method, 100 mandibular incisors were cleared in methysalicylate after decalcification with 10% nitric acid and evaluated under $\times$18 magnification with a stereomicroscope. The results were as follows ; 1. 29% had the center of the plotted straight-line access facial to incisal edge, whereas 71% had straight-line access at the incisal edge. When incisal wear classified as extensive, the straight-line access was plotted on the incisal edge 95.5%. When incisal wear classified as slight/none, the straight-line access was plotted on the facial 65.9%. 2. Degree of curvature of main canal was straight or almost straight, and only 10% in buccolingual direction had a degree of curvature greater than 20 degrees and 5.5% in mesiodistal direction had. 3. In section method, canal configuration analysis showed that 51% of the specimen classified as type I, 27% as type II, 12% as type III, 10% as type IV. For theses setions with two canals, the incidence of an isthmus was 36.7%, 64.3%, 79.2%, 96.3%, 97.4%, 97.6% at each level and highest in 3~5mm sections. 4. In clearing method, canal configuration analysis showed that 74% of the specimen classified as type I, 11% as type II, 6% as type III, 9% as type IV. These results suggested that traditional access from lingual should be moved as far toward the incisal as possible to locate and debride the lingual canal and root canal system should be cleaned, shaped completely and obturated three dimensionally for successful endodontic treatment.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2014

목적: Reciprocating 파일인 WaveOne과 continuous rotary 파일인 ProTaper와 ProFile로 근관 형성시 상아질 벽의 표면성상과 상아질 삭편 크기와 도말층 제거 효과를 비교하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 60개 단근치를 ProFile, ProTaper, WaveOne으로 성형 후 근관이 보이도록 grinding 하였다. 근관 성형 동안 상아질 삭편을 모아 건조하였다. Scanning electron microscope으로 상아질 삭편 크기와 근관 표면의 불규칙성과 도말층을 관찰하였다. 결과: 표면 함요부의 범위는 ProFile, ProTaper 그리고 WaveOne에서 $150{\mu}m$, $70{\mu}m$, 그리고 $80{\mu}m$의 범위 내에서 관찰되었다. 상아질 삭편의 크기는 ProFile, ProTaper 그리고 WaveOne에서 $7{\mu}m$, $6.5{\mu}m$, 그리고$4{\mu}m$의 범위 내에서 관찰되었다. 도말층은 WaveOne의 중간 1/3과 근단 1/3에서 유의하게 더 많이 관찰되었다. 결론: WaveOne은 중간 1/3과 치근단 1/3의 도말층 제거 효과를 제외하고, ProFile과 ProTaper와 근관 표면 성상과 상아질 삭편에서 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.79-89
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• 1987

This study was executed to examine helical structure and other feature, of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. and Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger through photomicroscopic and scanning electron microscopic observation, and the obtained result, were summarized as follows: 1. Tracheid transition from springwood to summerwood was abrupt, mel slightly gradual in Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. and summerwood width of Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger was wider than that of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. 2. Normal vertical and horizontal resin canals and surrounding thick epithelial cells were present in Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger but not present in Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. 3. Instead of helical thickening, helical chicks were observed only in summerwood trachieds of Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger. However, helical thickenings forming S, Z., and horizontal helix perpendicular to long axis of tracheid were observed in springood and summerwood tracheids of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. and these helical thickenings were considered as analogous to the innermost layer of secondary wall. 4. Uniseriate and fusiform rays were appeared on tangential surface of Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger but oly uniserate ray was observed on tangential surface ot Taxus cuspidata S. et Z. The fusiform rays of Larix gmelinii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger usually contained one horizontal resin canal bot occasionally two horizontal resin canals were contained in a fusiform ray. 5. Trabeculae and crassulae were observed in the tracheids of Larix gmelimii var. principis-ruprechtii Pilger but not observed in the tracheids of Taxus cuspidata S. et Z.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.38-48
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• 2005

이 연구의 목적은 Ni-Ti file을 사용한 경험이 없는 학생들이 세 종류 Ni-Ti file systems을 사용하였을 때 근관 형성 효율을 비교하는 것이다. Ni-Ti file의 사용 경험이 없는 부산대학교 치과대학 4학년 학생 50명이 세 종류의 Ni-Ti file system - $ProFile^{(R)}$ (PF : Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), manual $ProTaper^{(R)}$ (MPT: Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), rotary $ProTaper^{(R)}$ (RPT: Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) -을 사용하여 각 system으로 하나의 근관씩, 모두 150개의 레진 블락 근관모형(Endo Training Bloc; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland)을 형성하였다. 근관형성에 사용된 file의 파절이나 변형 및 근관형성 후 형태의 이상을 조사하고, 스캐너로 근관 형성 전후의 이미지를 채득하여 중첩 비교함으로써 근단부로부터 1mm, 3mm, 그리고 5mm 높이에서의 삭제된 근관의 폭경, 근관의 변위량, 그리고 중심변위율 등을 산출하고 통계학적 비교 분석을 하였다. 그리고 세 가지 systems에 관한 학생들의 주관적인 선호도를 조사하였다. 그 결과 졸업을 앞둔 치과대학 재학생들도 특별한 문제점 없이 세 가지 Ni-Ti file systems을 사용한 근관형성이 가능함을 확인하였다. 세 실험군을 비교하였을 때, 양적인 삭제 능력은 두 $ProTaper^{(R)}$ systems (manual and rotary)이 $ProFile^{(R)}$에 비해 우세하였지만, 근관의 변위는 두 $ProTaper^{(R)}$ systems에서 더 많이 유발되었다. 근관 중심 이동률 등의 질적 평가를 포함하여 학생들의 선호도를 종합적으로 고려할 때, 삭제 능력에 있어서는 rotary $ProTaper^{(R)}$가 더 효율적이지만 안전성을 고려하면 $ProFile^{(R)}$도 추천된다. 정규 교육과정에서 Ni-Ti file systems의 도입을 위해서 초심자와 관련한 더 많은 연구가 진행되어야 하겠다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.368-375
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• 2013

Purpose: This study is to evaluate the location of descending palatine artery, the anatomy of pterygomaxillary junction, and the association between the obtained anatomic values and several variables. Methods: We studied 40 patients who were treated for dentofacial deformites from January 2010 to December 2012 in Ulsan University Hospital, Ulsan, Korea. Cone beam computed tomogram (CBCT) was done for all patients. The reference point was approximately 5 to 7 mm above anterior nasal spine on axial image. We evaluated the location of the greater palatine canal (line a: on the coronal view, the shortest line between the center of greater palatine canal and pterygoid fossa; distance a: the distance of line a). We also measured the thickness (line b: on the coronal view, the shortest line between maxillary posterior sinus wall and pterygoid fossa; distance b: distance of line b), width (line c: on the coronal view, the line perpendicular to the line b and the nearest line from the most concave point of lateral pterygoid plate to the medial pterygoid plate; distance c: distance of line c) and height (line d: on sagittal view, the vertically longest line of pterygoid junction; distance d: the distance of line d) in pterygomaxillary junctions. We evaluated the association between the obtained anatomic values and several variables (sex, age, height and weight). Results: The mean distance a was 4.78 mm, mean distance b was 5.53 mm, mean distance c was 8.01 mm and mean distance d was 13.22 mm. The differences between age and mean distance c and weight and mean distance d in pterygomaxillary junctions are statistically significant. Conclusion: There apparently is anatomic variation of pterygomaxillary junctions by various values, particularly weight and age in a Korean clinical population.