• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.909-917
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• 2016

The shiitake mushroom industry has suffered from Camptomyia (gall midges) pest, which feeds on the mycelium of shiitake mushroom during its cultivation. It has been postulated that fungal damage of shiitake bed-logs is associated with infestation by the insect pest, but this is not well understood. To understand the fungal damage associated with Camptomyia pest, various Trichoderma species were isolated, identified, and characterized. In addition to two previously known Trichoderma species, T. citrinoviride and T. deliquescens, two other Trichoderma species, T. harzianum and T. atroviride, were newly identified from the pestinfested bed-log samples obtained at three mushroom farms in Cheonan, Korea. Among these four species, T. harzianum was the most evident. The results of a chromogenic media-based assay for extracellular enzymes showed that these four species have the ability to produce amylase, carboxyl-methyl cellulase, avicelase, pectinase, and ß-glucosidase, thus indicating that they can degrade wood components. A dual culture assay on PDA indicated that T. harzianum, T. atroviride, and T. citrinoviride were antagonistic against the mycelial growth of a shiitake strain (Lentinula edodes). Inoculation tests on shiitake bed-logs revealed that all four species were able to damage the wood of bed-logs. Our results provide evidence that the four green mold species are the causal agents involved in fungal damage of shiitake bed-logs infested by Camptomyia pest.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.238-246
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• 2019

Mycophagous gall midges in the family Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) are poorly known in Korea, with only 14 recorded species. From our sampling throughout South Korea during 2015-2017, we present evidence of the Korean distribution of another 20 species as follows-Lestremiinae: Anarete angusta Mo & Xu, 2009; Micromyinae: Anodontoceras saigusai Yukawa, 1967, Campylomyza appendiculata Jaschhof, 2015, Campylomyza furva Edwards, 1938, Peromyia gotohi Jaschhof, 2001, Peromyia pumila Jaschhof, 2001, and Tekomyia populi Möhn, 1960; Winnertziinae: Leptosyna nervosa (Winnertz), 1852, Winnertzia nigripennis (Kieffer), 1894, and Winnertzia solidaginis Felt, 1907; Porricondylinae: Bryocrypta indubitata Mamaev, 1964, Camptomyia flavocinerea Panelius, 1965, Coccopsilis obscura (Mamaev), 1964, Coccopsilis paneliusi (Yukawa), 1971, Cryptoneurus muscicola (Kieffer), 1896, Dirhiza abludentis(Mamaev), 1998, Divellepidosis separata (Yukawa), 1971, Larimyia lavalis Fedotova & Sidorenko, 2007, Parvovirga latostylata Jaschhof, 2013, and Porricondyla nigripennis(Meigen), 1830.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.230-239
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• 2013

The major species of fungus gnats which caused the severe damage in shiitake farm were identified as a Bradysia difformis, B. alpicola, and Camtomyia cortocalis on oak log beds cultivation. The B. difformis occurred early in the middle of March while B. alpicola and C. cortocalis appeared since the beginning of May. The occurrence rate for adults of B. difformis showed highly at the end of July (11.9~1,774.2 in dong-myeon and 0.4~2,583.3 in pungse-myeon) in 2012 and mid-June (10.7~4,650 in dong-myeon and 36.8~4740 in pungse-myeon) in 2013. The counting numbers on the traps for B. alpicola reached highest peak in the middle of June (2.1~63.2 in dong-myeon and 1.0~21.7 in pungse-myeon) and the end of May (0.8~163.7 in dong-myeon and 0.5~280.5 in pungse-myeon) in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The number of C. cortocalis showed high record in the middle of May in 2012 (0.6~4.7) and in the middle of June (2.1~17.3) in 2013 in dong-myeon whereas showed the peaks in the middle of May (0.6~4.7) in 2012 and in the late of May (1.3~17.6) in 2013 in pungse-myeon. The fruiting bodies of shiitake mushroom by fungus gnats were severely damaged from mid-June to late-July and the damage rate were 0.625.5% (2012) and 0.7~30.5% (2013) in dong-myeon and 1.5%~21.6% (2012) and 1.9~36.8%(2012) in pungse-myeon. To investigate the control effect for fungus gnats by Hypoaspis aculeifer, H. aculeifer (30 mixutre of nymph and adult per $m^2$) were treated to oak log beds shiitake cultivation for six times (May 2 and 28, June 25, July 10 and 25 and August 28). The occurrence rate of adults and damage rate of fruiting bodies of 3 major species reduced 79.3% (adult numbers) and 74.8% (fruiting bodies) in dong-myeon and 64.1% (adult numbers) and 65.5% (fruiting bodies) in pungse-myeon, respectively, compared to non-treatment. Accordingly, H. aculeifer effectively controlled the fungus gnats on shiitake mushroom and can be used as good control agent.