• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2007

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of environmental factors such as soil moisture, light intensity, temperature and humidity on changes in cambial electrical resistance. To improve data quality, cambial electrical resistance was continuously measured at fixed points by using a data logger isolated from alternating current. The relationship between environmental factors and changes in cambial electrical resistance was also analyzed. The results are as follows: 1. Cambial electrical resistance is highly correlated to the temperature of the measured area(r=-0.934). Therefore, temperature compensation is needed to analyze the effects of other environmental factors on cambial electrical resistance changes. 2. If temperature is compensated for, the change of cambial electrical resistance is highly correlated to water vapor pressure(r=-0.836). 3. If temperature and humidity are compensated for, the change of cambial electrical resistance is highly correlated to intensity of light(r=-0.738). 4. Diurnal deviation of soil water potential is not more significantly related than the change of cambial electrical resistance. However, in the long-term, soil water potential and cambial electrical resistance are highly correlated(r=-0.831). This indicates that soil moisture significantly influences the long-term change of cambial electrical resistance.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.46-54
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• 2002

천안시내에 식재된 가로수의 건강도를 진단하기 위하여 몇 가지 생리적 특성을 측정하고, 형성층 전기저항치와 생리적 특성들간의 관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 은행나무, 벚나무, 버드나무를 대상수종으로 선정하였고. 7월에 대상 수종의 하부 토양을 채취하여 탈수소효소 활성을 분석하였으며, 수관의 잎은 엽록소 함량, 질산환원 효소, 항산화효소(SOD) 활성을 분석하는데 이용하였다. 수목의 형성층 전기전항치는 5월, 7월, 9월에 측정하였다. 토양의 탈수소효소 활성은 도심지역에서 낮은 값을 나타내 토양 오염도를 반영하였으며. 엽록소 함량은 동서대로에 식재된 벚나무가 가장 낮았다. 은행나무의 질산환원효소 활성은 다른 수종보다 높았으며 도심지역에서 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 또한 항산화효소인 SOD 활성은 도심에서 낮았다. 동서대로의 벚나무는 형성층 전기저항치가 지속적으로 상승하여 활력을 상실하였음을 보여주었다. 형성층 전기저항치는 질산환원효소($r^2$=-0.566) 및 SOD활성($r^2$=0.579)과 상관을 보임으로써 수목의 건강도 및 생리적 건강 상태를 진단하는데 유용할 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권5호
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• pp.584-592
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of pruning intensity on the vigor and cambial growth of the treated trees, and on the closure of pruning wounds for one year after pruning treatment. Two tree species, Pinus strobus and Acer palmatum, planted broadly in the urban forest of Korea were selected for the experiment. Intensity of pruning, which was estimated by proportion of removed branches, was categorized into five levels with about 10% intervals from lowest 8% up to 46%. Following parameters were examined; cambial electrical resistance (CER) and the cambial growth of trunk at 30 cm above the ground for the years before and after pruning, the cambial growth of stem at 1.5 cm above the branch bark ridge (BBR) of the pruned branch, and closure of pruning wound for one year after pruning. Tree vigor inferred from CER had a tendency to be weakened as pruning intensity increased in P. strobus, while that of A. palmatum was not affected. The trunk growth decreased significantly when the pruning intensity was higher than 30% in both species. The closure of individual pruning wound was related more to the cambial growth of stem at 1.5 cm above BBR than to the pruning intensity. Comparing the closure rate of pruning wound for one year, P. strobus with 72.1% was faster than A. palmatum with 39.3%, which corresponded with the rate of cambial growth of the two species.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.75-80
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• 1995

It is important to estimate the possibility of recovery in physiologically damaged woody plant. It is suggested that C.E.R(cambial electrical resistance) might be a useful method to predict the permanent wilting point. D/A and A/D converter can be used to measure the C.E.R and it took only 10-20 msec for a measurement and the values were stable during this study. A computer could be used for the continual measurement of C.E.R. There were very big daily changes of C.E.R. was changed according to the changes of indoor temperature, but the phase was slightly different. It is reasoned that daily changes in C.E.R. is induced by the changes of water potential and cambial thickness. It was difficult to detect the changes of C.E.R. caused by changes in soil moisture under high soil water potential. Under low soil water potential, the changes in soil moisture under high soil water potential. Under low soil water potential, the changes of C.E.R. can be detected. After wilting, C.E.R. is increased very rapidly. When C.E.R. is not decreased by watering, it will be permanent wilting point. But it takes several days to confirm the permanent wilting point. To predict the possibility of recovery from wilting, the values of C.E.R. have no meaning. But the changes of C.E.R. are significant. Therefore we can predict the permant wilting point in woody plant by monitoring the change of C.E.R. by the computer.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.302-306
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• 2016

수목의 활력도는 다양한 방법으로 측정한다. 수목의 형성층 전기저항은 전기생리학적 진단 방법을 이용하여 수목의 활력도를 간접적으로 나타낸다. 본 연구는 Shigometer를 이용하여 몇 가지 수목의 활력도를 측정하고 수종 간 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 그리고 개엽 시기, 방위, 수피 온도 등 전기저항 값에 영향을 주는 요인들을 파악하고자 하였다. 측정용 탐침의 길이를 일정하게 유지하여 측정오차를 최소화하였다. 대상 수종은 성균관대학교 자연과학캠퍼스에 있는 30-40년생 느티나무, 은행나무, 메타세쿼이아, 잣나무 및 튜울립나무로 하였고 각 종당 3개체를 선정하였다. 측정 시기는 2011년 3월부터 5월까지, 지면으로부터 60 cm와 흉고높이인 1.2 m에서 동서남북 4개 방위 별로 전기저항 값을 측정하였다. 수목 부근의 토양환경과 식물의 스트레스 반응을 함께 측정하였다. 측정 결과를 바탕으로 전기저항과 영향 요인과의 상관관계를 살펴보았다. 개엽 시기 이전인 3월 중순까지는 대체적으로 전기저항 값이 높았으나 4월부터 점차 낮아지기 시작하여 5월 11일에는 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 전기저항 값의 시기별 변화는 토양수분, 토양전도도, 토양온도, 수목의 스트레스 반응과 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 잣나무의 경우 겨울에도 잎이 떨어지지 않아 측정 기간 동안 전기저항 값의 변화는 크기 않았다. 느티나무, 은행나무 및 메타세쿼이아는 남쪽 방향의 수피 온도가 다른 방위에 비하여 높았으며 전기저항 값은 가장 낮았다. Shigometer는 수목의 활력도를 현장에서 간단하게 측정함으로써 수목 관리에 유용하게 이용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1307-1320
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is to provide information on planting construction for healthy plant growth. To achieve this purpose, this study analyzed the planting type, planting density, withering rate, soil characteristics, and cambium electrical resistance (CER) of withered trees in an apartment complex with a high withering rate. The major plant groups examined consisted of native broad-leaved tree species (39.3%), native narrow-leaved tree species (24.2%), and native broad-leaved - exotic narrow-leaved tree species (16.4%). The planting density of the green area, where trees were planted from 0.0 to 0.3 trees per unit area, was measured as 98.4%. Withered trees were found in 19 of the 20 planted species, and the withering rate was 41.8% (610 withered/1,461 planted). Withering rates for tree species were measured as follows: Sophora japonica and Salix babylonica (100.0%), Magmolia denudata (84.3%), Lindera obtusiloba (74.7%), cornus kousa (69.3%), acer triflorum (69.2%), diospyros kaki (66.7%), Prunus yedoensis (62.8%), Acer palmatum (52.6%), Prunus armeniaca (51.1%), Chaenomeles sinensis (43.7%), Ginkgo biloba (40.9%), Zelkova serrata (31.0%), Cornus officinalis (28.6%), Taxus cuspidata (25.6%), Pinus densiflora (21.4%), Pinus parviflora (15.2%), Pinus strobus (14.6%), and Abies holophylla (10.3%). Soil chemical analyses for 18 samples revealed that as the withering rate increased, the following occurred: (a) the ratio of silt and clay in soil increased; (b) the soil pH, organic matter rate, nitrogen, available phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in samples were graded as "inadequate," based on the plant grading evaluation; and (c) the NaCl and cation exchange capacity were evaluated as "somewhat satisfactory." The measurement of CER for withering rate shows electrical resistance for higher withering rate are higher, which could predict that a tree will not grow well.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권5호
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• pp.618-629
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of pruning (P treatment) and transplanting (T treatment) of Acer palmatum on cambial growth and compartmentalization of pruning wounds for one year after treatments. Changes of cambial electrical resistance (CER), sizes of pruning wounds, cambial growth of trunks and stems near the wounds, and total phenols at branch unions during the period were examined using a total of 49 trees. After harvesting, areas of discolored wood behind the wounds, relative proportions of extractives, holocellulose and lignin at branch unions were also determined. CER and the cambial growth of trunk at 30 cm above the ground (TGR) were inversely correlated, and differences of CER and TGR among three treatments were significant. TGRs of control, P treatment and P+T treatment after the treatments were 112.2%, 72.4% and 52.5% of the annual growth for the year before the treatments, respectively. The cambial growth rate of stem (SGR) at 1.5 cm above the branch bark ridge and the closure rate of pruning wound (WCR) for one year after treatments were positively correlated, and WCR of P treatment of 39.8% was significantly higher than that of P+T treatment of 31.8%. Wounds of P+T treatment formed greater discolored area per unit area of pruning wound (D/W Ratio) than those of P treatment significantly. Lower WCR and higher D/W Ratio of P+T treatment suggested less ability of compartmentalizing the wounds than P treatment. Total phenols at branch core of pruning wound for both treatments heightened a month after treatment, and then lowered. The contents at below core of the wound were higher than those at control ones continuously, while they became similar each other at above core. Relatively high phenol contents of the extractives at P+T treatment implied that trees with P+T treatment allocated more energy to compartmentalize their wounds. Holocellulose and lignin contents at the branch core of treated branch unions of both treatments were lower and higher, respectively, than at the same part of the union with living branch, as results of the tree reaction to protection from wounding and microbial invasion.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.415-422
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• 2016

본 연구는 천연기념물로 지정된 소나무와 은행나무를 중심으로 수목활력도를 측정하고, 관리시설물에 따른 노거수의 수목활력도 차이를 규명하였다. 수목활력도 측정 결과 소나무의 전기저항 값은 평균 $14.9K{\Omega}$이고, $8.5{\sim}37.5K{\Omega}$사이에 분포하며, 은행나무의 전기저항 값은 평균 $13.5K{\Omega}$로, $6.4{\sim}40.5K{\Omega}$사이에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 관리시설물 현황조사 결과 소나무, 은행나무 모두 과반수 복토 및 석축이 이루어졌고, 특히 복토 여부에 따라 수목의 활력에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 소나무와 은행나무 모두 복토 된 수목의 형성층 전기저항 값이 복토되지 않은 수목보다 유의하게 높게 나타나 상대적인 생육상태가 불량한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 복토를 제거하는 방향으로 관리가 필요하며 천연기념물로 지정된 노거수 외 지자체에서 관리하고 있는 보호수에 대한 관리방안 실태조사도 실시하여 전반적인 복토 제거 등 관리시설물 개선이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study examined, compared, and analyzed the tree vitality of the trees growing on the artificial ground of Seoullo 7017 that transformed the overpass that was to be demolished into a "sky garden" using portable tree pots. Methods: Based on the summer season when the metabolic activity of plants is most active, this study measured the cambial electrical resistance in four directions(east, west, south and north), using the Shigometer (model OZ-93, Osmose) and compared the location and analysis of pots according to their means and standard errors. Results: Meanwhile, according to the analysis, vitality was relatively superior in pots with a big diameter, trees planted individually than in groups, trees of the ramp section rather than the bridge section, and in the southwest direction of the cambium. Conclusion: This study revealed the improper condition of the planting plan and implementation on the site, where various species of trees are displayed in a poor environment. Despite the significant assessment of the vitality of various trees introduced within Seoullo 7017 for the first time, this study is limited in that the data used were measured only once in summer. In this regard, it raised the need for continuous interest in and monitoring of a special plant environment and development of proper maintenance and management techniques, along with follow-up research on seasonal and temperature conditions, soil moisture and root development conditions to supplement this research.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제86권4호
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• pp.415-421
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• 1997

본 연구는 Shigometer를 조경수목의 건강도 측정에 활용하기 위하여 계절별로 형성층 부근의 전기저항치를 조사하여 수종별 평균치를 구하고, 관목, 침엽수교목, 활엽수교목의 개엽, 개화, 생장정지등 계절별 생장에 따른 전기저항 특성을 상호 비교하기 위하여 수행하였다. 1996년 3월부터 11월까지 경기도 수원시 서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 교내에 식재되어 있는 조경수 20 수종을 대상으로 Shigometer를 이용하여 각 수목의 형성층의 전기저항치(CER)를 개화와 개엽시기인 3월에서 5월까지 주 1회씩, 6월부터 10월까지 월 1회씩, 그리고 11월에는 2주마다 측정하였다. 수종별로 건강한 4개체를 사용하였으며, 매회 개체당 4반복으로 조사하였다. 모든 수종이 3월에 높은 CER을 보이다가 4월부터 감소하기 시작하여 5월부터 8월 사이에 가장 낮은 값을 보였으며, 9월부터 다시 증가하기 시작하여 11월에는 3월과 같은 수준의 높은 값을 나타냈다. 전체 20 수종 중에서 년 평균 CER 값이 가장 낮은 수종은 $5.5k{\Omega}$의 메타세코이아였으며 가장 높은 수종은 $22.7k{\Omega}$과 $22.9k{\Omega}$의 박태기나무와 쥐똥나무였다. 여름철 (6~8월)에 가장 낮은 CER 값을 보여준 수종은 등나무 ($2.4k{\Omega}$)였으며, 그 다음은 메타세코이아($2.5k{\Omega}$)이었다. 11월 혹은 3윌 중에 가장 높은 CER 값을 가진 나무는 사철나무($46.8k{\Omega}$)이었고 그 다음은 쥐똥나무($45.0k{\Omega}$)이였다. 봄철 개엽시기에 맞추어 대부분 수종의 CER이 감소하였으며, 특히 관목에서 현저히 나타났다. 개화시기에도 많은 수종의 CER이 감소하였는데 특히 개화량이 많은 관목과 활엽수 교목에서 관찰되었다. 관목, 활엽수 교목, 침엽수 교목간의 비교에서는 관목의 평균 CER치가 교목보다 높은 편이었으며, 상록수의 계절간 변화폭은 낙엽수보다 적게 나타났다. 메타세코이아는 낙엽성 침엽수이지만 년간 평균치가 가장 낮았다.