• 대한약침학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.86-87
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• 2015

Objectives: Condurango is widely used in various systems of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) against oesophageal and stomach ailments including certain types of cancer. However, until now no systematic study has been conducted to verify its efficacy and dose with proper experimental support. Therefore, we examined if ethanolic extract of Condurango could ameliorate benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-induced lung cancer in rats in vivo to validate its use as a traditional medicine. Methods: After one month of scheduled BaP feeding (50 mg/kg body-weight), lung cancer developed after four months. BaP-intoxicated rats were then treated with Condurango (0.06 mL) twice daily starting at the end of the four months for an additional one, two and three months, respectively. Effects of Condurango were evaluated by analyzing lung histology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant biomarkers, DNA-fragmentation, RT-PCR (Reverese Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction), ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and western blot of several apoptotic signalling markers and comparing the results against those obtained for controls. Results: A histological study revealed gradual progress in lung tissue-repair activity in Condurango-fed cancer-bearing rats, showing gradual tissue recovery after three months of drug administration. Condurango has the capacity to generate ROS, which may contribute to a reduction in anti-oxidative activity and to an induction of oxidative stress-mediated cancer-cell death. Condurango-activated pro-apoptotic genes (Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, p53, cytochrome-c, apaf-1, ICAD and PARP) and down-regulated antiapoptotic-Bcl-2 expression were noted both at mRNA and protein levels. Studies on caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage by western blot analysis revealed that Condurango induced apoptosis through a caspase-3-dependent pathway. Conclusions: The anticancer efficacy of an ethanolic extract of Condurango for treating BaP-induced lung cancer in rats lends support for its use in various traditional systems of medicine.

• 오토저널
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1983

There exist many kinds of frictions in internal combustion engine such as piston ring and skirt, cam and tappet, bearing friction etc. Among them, the frictions between piston ring, skirt and cylinder are particular. These frictions for motoring test are differ from that of firing test even though the temperature of cooling water and lubricating oil keep identically. The frictions for firing test are increased due to combustion pressure and products. The precise calculation of the friction is difficult. But we can assume that the friction is governed by the viscosity of lubricating oil and gas pressure of cylinder. And the viscosity of lubricating oil is dependant on gas temperature of cylinder, so the piston friction may be governed by gas pressure and temperature of cylinder. In this treatise, we propose the method of evaluating piston friction under the condition of constant engine speed, and we analyzed the behaviours and influence of factors concerned with the piston friction for output correction when the inlet pressure and temperature were varied. The main results are as follows: 1) The behaviours on the inlet conditions for the contact force of the piston rings and the viscosity of the lubricating oil concerned with piston friction are found. 2) The essential point the these behaviours is dependant on the cyclic variation following to the inlet conditions. 3) According to our analysis, It was observed that the viscosity of lubricating oil is more effective than the contact force to the piston rings.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2002

The use of rapid prototyping (RP) has reduced time to market, cut total costs and improved product quality by giving design and manufacturing teams the opportunity to verify and fine tune designs before committing them to expensive tooling and fabrication. In order to improve their unique characteristics according to the working principles, Variable Lamination Manufacturing process (VLM-ST) and corresponding CAD/CAM software (VLM-Slicer) is developed. The objective of this study is to improve the accuracy of VLM-ST process, and it can be done by offset fur cutting error correction, cutting path overrun fur sharp edge and reference shape generation for off-line stacking. It has been shown that, through the verification experiments for given practical shapes, the proposed algorithms are effective for diverse categories of three-dimensional shapes.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2023

Purpose: This in vitro study aimed to compare the trueness of 3-unit fixed dental provisional prostheses (FDPs) fabricated by three different additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing procedures. Methods: A reference model with a maxillary left second premolar and the second molar prepped and the first molar missing was scanned for the fabrication of 3-unit FDPs. An anatomically shaped 3-unit FDP was designed on computer-aided design software. 10 FDPs were fabricated by subtractive (MI group) and additive manufacturing (stereolithography: SL group, digital light processing: DL group, liquid crystal displays: LC group) methods, respectively (N=40). All FDPs were scanned and exported to the standard triangulated language file. A three-dimensional analysis program measured the discrepancy of the internal, margin, and pontic base area. As for the comparison among manufacturing procedures, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney test with Bonferroni correction were evaluated statistically. Results: Regarding the internal area, the root mean square (RMS) value of the 3-unit FDPs was the lowest in the MI group (31.79±6.39 ㎛) and the highest in the SL group (69.34±29.88 ㎛; p=0.001). In the marginal area, those of the 3-unit FDPs were the lowest in the LC group (25.39±4.36 ㎛) and the highest in the SL group (48.94±18.98 ㎛; p=0.001). In the pontic base area, those of the 3-unit FDPs were the lowest in the LC group (8.72±2.74 ㎛) and the highest in the DL group (20.75±2.03 ㎛; p=0.001). Conclusion: A statistically significant difference was observed in the RMS mean values of all the groups. However, in comparison to the subtractive manufacturing method, all measurement areas of 3-unit FDPs fabricated by three different additive manufacturing methods are within a clinically acceptable range.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.130-141
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• 2017

The aim of this case report was to describe an innovative orthodontic treatment method that combined surgical and orthodontic techniques. The novel method was used to achieve a positive result in a case of moderate crowding by employing a computer-guided piezocision procedure followed by the use of clear aligners. A 23-year-old woman had a malocclusion with moderate crowding. Her periodontal indices, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), and treatment time were evaluated. The treatment included interproximal corticotomy cuts extending through the entire thickness of the cortical layer, without a full-thickness flap reflection. This was achieved with a three-dimensionally printed surgical guide using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing. Orthodontic force was applied to the teeth immediately after surgery by using clear appliances for better control of tooth movement. The total treatment time was 8 months. The periodontal indices improved after crowding correction, but the oral health impact profile showed a slight deterioration of OHRQoL during the 3 days following surgery. At the 2-year retention follow-up, the stability of treatment was excellent. The reduction in surgical time and patient discomfort, increased periodontal safety and patient acceptability, and accurate control of orthodontic movement without the risk of losing anchorage may encourage the use of this combined technique in appropriate cases.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.166-172
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• 2018

상악 전치부 치료 시에는 다양한 구도 속에서 체계적인 진단을 통해 적절한 형태와 배열, 색조를 가지는 수복물을 제작하여 심미적으로 환자가 만족할 수 있는 결과를 이끌어내야 한다. 이를 위해 치아 구도, 치은구도, 안면구도, 치아-안면 구도의 4가지 구도 속에서 조화를 이루는 진단 및 치료계획이 필요하다. 심미적인 욕구가 강한 경우, 주관적인 환자의 심미안을 만족시키면서 기능적인 부분을 확인하기 위해, 적절한 임시 수복물을 제작하여 기능적, 심미적 측면의 평가가 필요하다. 최종 보철물 제작에 이중 스캔을 이용하여 임시 수복물의 정보를 반영할 수 있다. 본 증례는 상악 전치부가 비심미적인 환자에서, 체계적인 심미 분석 하에 임시 수복물을 제작하고 기능적, 심미적 측면을 평가 및 수정하여, 이중 스캔을 통해 임시수복물의 정보를 최종 수복물에 반영 후 최종 수복한 증례이다.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2018

PURPOSE. To evaluate the reproducibility of scan-based abutments using a blue light model scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A wax cast abutment die was fabricated, and a silicone impression was prepared using a silicone material. Nine study dies were constructed using the prepared duplicable silicone, and the first was used as a reference. These dies were classified into three groups and scanned using a blue light model scanner. The first three-dimensional (3D) data set was obtained by scanning eight dies separately in the first group. The second 3D data set was acquired when four dies were placed together in the scanner and scanned twice in the second group. Finally, the third 3D data set was obtained when eight dies were placed together in the scanner and scanned once. These data were then used to define the data value using third-dimension software. All the data were then analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test (${\alpha}=.05$) and the post-hoc Mann-Whitney U-test with Bonferroni's correction (${\alpha}=.017$). RESULTS. The means and standard deviations of the eight dies together were larger than those of the four dies together and of the individual die. Moreover, significant differences were observed among the three groups (P<.05). CONCLUSION. With larger numbers of abutments scanned together, the scan becomes more inaccurate and loses reproducibility. Therefore, scans of smaller numbers of abutments are recommended to ensure better results.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.539-549
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 다중접속간섭. 임펼스 잡음과 나카가미 페이딩 환경에서 DS/CDMA DQPSK 통선시스댐의 B BER 성능을 분석하였다. 고려되는 DS/CDMA DQPSK 통신시스템은 제안한 시스템의 성능을 향상시키기 위하여 최대비 합성(MRC) 다이버시티 수신기법과 오류 정정 BCH 부호화 기법을 채용하였다. 유도한 오율 식을 이용하여 DS/CDMA DQPSK 통신시스댐의 성능을 구하여, 임펄스 지수( A), 가우시안 잡음 전력 대 임펄스 잡음 전력비($\Gamma'$), 다중접속간섭(K), 나카가미 페이딩 파라미터(m), MRC 다이버시티 가지수 (L), 부호의 오류 정정 능력(f), 직접확산 처리 이득(N)과 선호 전력 대 잡음 전력비( $E_b/N_O$)을 함수 로 하여 오율 그래프로 나타내고 분석하였다. 분석한 결과, 제안하는 시스댐의 성능은 무선통신시스댐환경에 서 다중접속간섭, 임펼스 잡음과 나카가미 페이멍에 의해 영향을 받을 수 있다. 또한 희망하는 선호의 전력이 나 임펄스 지수, 가우시안 잡음 천력 대 임펼스 잡음 전력비를 증가시켜 DS/CDMA DQPSK 통신시스댐의 BER 성능을 개선할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 다중접속간섭, 임펄스 잡음과 나카가미 페이딩의 영 향을 억압하기 위해서는 MRC 다이버시티 수산된 DS/CDMA DQPSK 통신시스댐보다는 BCH05.7) 부호화 기법을 적용한 DS/CDMA DQPSK 시스댐이 효율적임을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.378-388
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• 2001

목적: 기존의 신장깊이를 구하는 Tonnesen, Taylor 방정식은 신장 핵의학 검사 시 별도의 초음파, CT(computed tomography) 검사를 토대로 도출되었으며, 몸무게, 키, 나이에 따른 변수를 이용하여 신장깊이를 구하게 되므로 개인차가 고려되지 못했다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 단점을 극복하고자 감쇠 계수를 이용한 보정 인자 $e^{-{\mu}x}$를 적분하여 계수를 구하는 방법과 Conjugate-view 계수법을 사용하여 핵의학 영상에서 신장깊이를 구하였다. 대상 및 방법: 신장모형이 포함된 복부모형을 제작하였으며, 이를 이용하여 이중 헤드 감마카메라(E.CAM, SIEMENS, Germany)로 핵의학 이미지를 얻는 실험을 하였다. 신장 두께, 신장깊이 그리고 몸통두께를 변수로 하여 각각의 다른 실험값을 얻었다. 방사성 동위윈소는 $^{99m}Tc$-DMSA를 사용하였으며, 검출기에 대한 효율은 실험을 통해 계산되었다. 감쇠 계수를 이용하여 계수값을 얻어내는 방법으로 신장깊이 도출을 위한 방정식을 유도하였으며, 배후 방사능 보정에 대한 보정식을 추가하였다. 유도된 방정식에 실험을 통해 얻어낸 자료를 대입하여 신장깊이를 구하였으며 이렇게 계산된 신장깊이와 실험에 사용된 신장깊이를 비교하여 정확성을 평가하였다. 결과 : 이 연구에서 유도된 신장깊이 방정식을 통해 개발된 신장깊이 프로그램을 사용하여 몸통모형의 몸통 길이와 신장모형 두께, 위치를 각기 다르게 하여 각각의 핵의학 영상을 얻은 결과로부터 신장깊이에 대한 실제값과 유도된 방정식을 통해 얻은 계산값을 서로 비교, 검토해보았다. 신장깊이 프로그램을 사용하여 얻은 계산값과 모형의 실제값을 비교해 본 결과 0.1 cm에서 0.7 cm까지의 차이를 보였다. 실험값과 계산값과의 평균 오차는 $0.029{\pm}0.15cm\;(mean{\pm}S.D.$) 이다. 결론적으로 기존의 신장깊이를 구하는 여러 방법들과는 달리 본 연구를 통해 핵의학 영상만으로도 개인차가 고려된 신장깊이를 얻어낼 수 있게 되었다. 결론: 이 연구를 통해 도출된 신장깊이 계산 방정식을 이용하여 구한 신장깊이는 방사성동위윈소 주입 후 감마카메라를 이용하여 집적된 계수를 이용하여 구하는 것이 되므로 개개인의 개인차는 물론 좌신과 우신에 따른 차이도 고려될 수 있다. 더 나아가 이연구에서 개발된 신장깊이 계산 프로그램의 임상 응용에서의 적용을 위해서는 신장에 도달하는 방사성 동위윈소의 방사능양과 효율적일 관심영역 크기에 대한 연구가 이루어지며 좀더 정확하고 개인차가 고려된 신장깊이가 계산될 것이라고 사료된다.