• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.837-841
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• 2000

The study was conducted at semi urban area in Bangladesh. It was based on a field survey by a prepared questionnaire. Various milking and reproduction performance were analyzed. The effects of grazing hour were found significant on age at weaning (AW) (p<0.001), age at first heat (AFH) (p<0.001), age at first conception (AF conception) (p<0.001), age at first calving (AF calving) (p<0.001), post partum heat period (PPHP) (p<0.001), calving interval (CI) (p<0.001), lactation length (LL) (p<0.001) and total lactational production (TLP) (p<0.001). The effects of concentrate feed were significant on AW (p<0.01), AFH (p<0.01), AF conception (p<0.001), AF calving (p<0.001), PPHP (p<0.001) CI (p<0.001), LL (p<0.001) and TLP (p<0.001). The effects of management level were significant on AW (p<0.001), PPHP (p<0.01), CI (p<0.001), daily milk yield (DMY) (p<0.05) and TLP (p<0.001). The overall mean values were $251.88{\pm}2.97$ days for AW, $37.29{\pm}0.33$ months for AFH, $38.43{\pm}0.34$ months for AF conception, $47.62{\pm}0.34$ months for AF calving, $1.30{\pm}0.02$ number of services per conception (NSPC), $191.57{\pm}3.92$ days for PPHP, $17.02{\pm}0.15$ months for CI, $2.49{\pm}0.06kg$ for DMY, $247.23{\pm}3.51$ days for LL and $590.40{\pm}15.00kg$ for TLP.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2008

한우에서 분만 전, 분만 시 및 분만 후의 body condition score(BCS)와 이후의 번식능력과의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 2년 6개월에 걸쳐 33두의 한우에서 얻은 73회의 분만 산차(평균 $2.0\pm0.9$)에 대한 BCS 평가를 위하여 분만 2개월 및 1개월 전, 분만 시, 그리고 분만 후 7개월까지 매 1개월 간격으로 수행하였다. 분만 전 현저한 BCS의 감소에 대해서도 조사하였다. 분만 후 임신까지의 간격과 분만 1개월 전, 분만 시 그리고 분만 1개월 및 2개월 후 BCS 사이의 상관관계에 대하여 Pearson correlation analysis를 이용하여 분석하였다. 분만 후 임신까지의 간격과 분만 전 BCS의 감소에 대한 상관관계도 또한 분석하였다. 분만 후 임신까지의 간격은 분만 1개월 전 BCS (r=0.389, P=0.0007) 및 분만 전 BCS의 감소(r=0.488, P<0.0001)와는 정의 상관관계를 나타내었으나, 분만 시(r=-0.070, P=0.56)그리고 분만 1개월(r=0.107, P=0.37) 및 2개월 후(r=0.102, P=0.39)의 BCS와는 유의적인 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 분만 전 BCS의 감소는 분만 1개월 전 BCS와 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다(r=0.587, P<0.0001). 본 연구의 결과는 한우에서 분만 1개월 전 BCS는 이후의 번식능력을 예측하는데 유용한 기준으로 활용될 수 있으며, 또한 분만 전 비만 및 과도한 BCS의 감소의 예방은 번식능력을 증진시킬 수 있음을 보여 준다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate effects of bee venom (Apis mellifera L.) on the calving, reproductive efficiency of Hanwoo dams and the growth performance and disease occurrence of calves. Eighty seven experimental dams were allocated into two groups, bee venom treated (n=53, BV) and non-treated (n=34, control) of Hanwoo dams in Icheon, Kyonggi province. Calving period ($14.08{\pm}4.8$) and percentages of retained placenta (7.5%) in BV was shortened compared to control ($17.2{\pm}4.3$, 14.7%, respectively. P>0.05). Post-placenta periods was similar between two groups (P>0.05). Postpartum days ($36.5{\pm}4.3$) to first estrus and calving interval ($358{\pm}18$) were shortened compared to control ($40.2{\pm}5.2$, $375{\pm}23$, respectively) but have not significantly affected (P>0.05). Body weights ($43.5{\pm}3.0$) and average daily gains (0.62) of calves before 30 days old in BV were significantly higher than control ($40.3{\pm}5.3$, 0.52, respectively). The occurrence of respiratory disease and diarrhea in BV was relatively lower compared with Control. The present results indicate that bee venom may affect reproductive efficiency of dams and growth performance of calves.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2004

The 490 and 380 performance records of Karan Fries and Karan Swiss cows developed through crossbreeding followed by inter-se mating were evaluated for production, reproduction performance and disposal rate. Duration of study (1982-92) was grouped into five periods (1982-83; 1984-85; 1986-87; 1988-89; 1990-92) and each year was divided into four seasons (Winter: Dec.-Jan.; Spring: Feb.-March; Summer: April-June; Rainy: July-Sept.; Autumn: Oct.-Nov). Data were also classified according to sire and level of inbreeding. The least squares means of FLY (first lactation yield -305 days), FLL (first lactation length), FSP (first service period), FDP (first dry period), FCI (first calving interval ), MY/FLL (milk yield per day of first lactation length), MY/FCI (milk yield per day of first calving interval), EBV (expected breeding value) and EBE (expected breeding efficiency) were $3,173{\pm}82$ kg, $34611{\pm}$days, $143{\pm}11$ days, $75{\pm}6$ days, $423{\pm}11$ days, $10.6{\pm}0.2$ kg, $8.9{\pm}0.2$ kg, $3,380{\pm}26$ kg, and $88.2{\pm}1.3$% respectively in Karan Fries. Corresponding estimates in Karan Swiss cows were $2,616{\pm}82$ kg, $328{\pm}8$ days, $148{\pm}12$ days, $103{\pm}9$ days, $435{\pm}13$ days, $8.9{\pm}0.2$ kg, $7.2{\pm}0.3$ kg, $2,924{\pm38}$ kg and $86.0{\pm}3.8$% respectively. The effect of sire was significant on FLY, MY/FLL, MY/FCI and EBV in both the herd (p<0.01). The 10 and 15% sires showed superiority (FLY) over herd average of 11 and 7% in Karan Fries and 32 and 21% in Karan Swiss cattle respectively. Inbreeding has adversely and significantly (p<0.05) affected the FLY, MY/FLL, MY/FCI and survivability of Karan Fries females; FDP and disposal through culling of Karan Swiss heifers. The Karan Fries heifers with inbreeding above 12.5% performed 16% lower FLY to herd average. The effect of season of calving was significant on FLL, FSP and FCI (p<0.05) in Karan Fries. Summer calvers ($361{\pm}12$) were have higher lactation length and autumn calvers ($329{\pm}14$) had minimum. Period of calving significantly influenced the FSP, FCI, MY/FLL and MY/FCI in Karan Fries and FLY, MY/FLL and MY/FCI in Karan Swiss. Production efficiency traits in Karan Fries herd witnessed higher yield in the last two periods whereas, Karan Swiss heifers showed fluctuating performance. The findings suggested judicious use of available genetic variability, keeping of inbreeding under safer level and managemental interventions for the consistent improvement of both herds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.419-426
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• 1992

After the virtual eradication of cattle during World War II, Papua New Guinea herds were rebuilt with Shorthorn and Aberdeen Angus cattle from Australia. These, and Red Sindhi and Sahiwal, imported in 1952, were considered unsuitable breeds. In 1954, Department of Agriculture, Stock and Fisheries imported three Brahman bulls and three heifers from Texas and in 1960 began importations of Afrikaner from Queensland. In Central Province, Brahmans were crossed with Angus and at Erap (Morobe) the hottest place in Papua New Guinea, Shorthorns were crossed with Afrikaners. In 1965, Brahman and Brahman-cross were sent to Erap. Records of breeding and growth rates were collected for use in upgrading in cattle of the basis of performance, not pedigree. The data are not ideal for genetic analysis, since no control groups were maintained. Birth weights (BWT), weaning weights (WWT) and calving intervals (CI) were analysed for the period 1969-1978. After exclusion of unsatisfactory data, 2,514 calf records were used, including both breeds from 1969 to 1973, but only Brahman-cross subsequently. Breed mean BWT ranged only from 30.6 to 33.8 kg. As Brahman content increased, BWT decreased and WWT increased; within a genotype, there was a negative maternal effect of high Brahman content on BWT and a positive effect on WWT which ranged from 138 to 174 kg. Afrikaner calves had heavier BWT but lighter WWT. As expected, bulls were heaviest, heifers lightest and mature cows bore and reared heavier calves. Calving interval (405 days, equivalent to 90% calving) was unaffected by breed but 4-year old cows averaged 423 days. Breed differences in BWT and WWT are consistent with the body of literature on performance of Brahmans and Afrikaners. Since cattle tick are not present and internal parasites are insignificant at Erap, the superiority of Brahmans indicates that they were better at utilizing the mediocre quality grazing of the Markham Valley or were more heat tolerant. Performance selection over ten years resulted in the virtual elimination of Afrikaners, with the final genotype approximately 9/16 Brahman, 3/8 Shorthorn and 1/16 Afrikaner.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.794-798
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• 2004

An attempt was made to improve the efficiency of growth and lactation performance of dairy heifers subjected to a stair-step growth scheme using rice straw as the sole roughage source. Twenty-four young Holstein heifers were randomly assigned to either control or test group. The control diet met the National Research Council (NRC) requirement, with heifers calving at 24 to 26 mo of age. The test group was individually fed according to a schedule of 3, 2, 4, 2, 5 and 2 mo in which feed intake was alternately 20% below or 25% above the NRC requirements. Heifers on the stair-step growth pattern gained more body weight and consumed less dry matter (10.80 and 11.22%, respectively), resulting an increasing growth efficiency compared with the control. Body condition, first estrus, first conception, services per conception and calving difficulty (data not shown) were not affected. Milk yield of the test group was 8.5% higher than that of the control group. During the early lactation period, the milk yield was significantly higher in the stair-step group than in that of the control group (p<0.05). Milk composition was not affected by compensatory growth induced by the stair-step scheme. Also, weight at calving and calf growth performance was not affected by stair-step growth. The results indicate that using rice straw as a sole roughage source in a stair-step compensatory growth scheme can contribute to the improvement of growth efficiency and early lactation performance.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.759-769
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• 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of stocking density on the behavior, productivity, and metabolism of periparturient Holstein cows as well as calf performance. Methods: A total of 48 periparturient cows were randomly assigned into three groups at 28 days (±3 days) before their expected calving date. The stocking densities of the groups, relative to the standard cubicle and feed bunk number, were i) 80% (13 cows), ii) 100% (16 cows), and iii) 120% (19 cows). Lying and rumination behavior was recorded using electronic data loggers and HR-Tags from d -21 ("d-" means days before calving) until the calving date, d 0. Lying time was assessed to determine the diurnal total hours spent lying per day. Rumination time was averaged in 2 hours interval periods over 24 hours during the experimental period. Results: Cows in the 80% group spent more time lying and ruminating between d -21 and d -7 and tended to ruminate more between d -14 and d 0. Calcium levels tended to be higher for cows in the 80% group, no other observable differences were found in monitored blood parameters. Moreover, 3.5% fat corrected milk and energy corrected milk yields were higher in 80% group in the first month of lactation. No other observable differences were found in the yield and composition of colostrum and milk in the first 10 months of lactation. The growth and performance of calves in the first week of life was not affected by stocking density of the dams. Conclusion: We concluded that lower stocking density may increase lying and ruminating behavior of prepartum Holstein cows. However, this did not translate into improved productivity and metabolism.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권8호
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• pp.1151-1161
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to estimate the association of age at first calving (AFC) with first lactation traits as well as lifetime performance traits in Murrah buffaloes. Methods: Data on first lactation and life time performance of Murrah buffaloes (n = 679), maintained at Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, India during the period 1983 through 2017, were deduced to calculate heritability estimates, genetic and phenotypic correlation of different first lactation and lifetime traits. The univariate animal model was fitted to estimate variance components and heritability separately for each trait, while bivariate animal models were set to estimate genetic and phenotypic correlations between traits under study. Results: The heritability was high for first peak milk yield (FPY, 0.64±0.08), moderate for AFC (0.48±0.07) and breeding efficiency (BE 0.39±0.09). High genetic correlations of first lactation total milk yield (FLTMY) with first lactation standard milk yield (FLSMY, 305 days or less), FPY, and first lactation length (FLL) was seen. Likewise, genetic correlation of AFC was positive with FLTMY, FLL, first dry period (FDP), first service period (FSP), first calving interval (FCI), herd life (HL) and productive days (PD). Significant phenotypic correlation of FLTMY was observed with HL, productive life (PL), PD, total lifetime milk yield (LTMY), standard lifetime milk yield (standard LTMY). Moreover, positive genetic and phenotypic correlation of FPY was observed with HL, PL, PD, total LTMY and standard LTMY. Conclusion: This study reports that AFC had positive genetic correlation with FDP, FSP, FCI, and unproductive days while, negative association of AFC was observed with FLSMY, PL, total LTMY, standard LTMY, and BE. This suggests that reduction of AFC would results in improvement of lifetime performance traits.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.591-600
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• 2023

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a modified Double-Ovsynch protocol vs artificial insemination following estrus detection (AIED) for the enhancement of reproductive performance in Hanwoo cattle. Methods: Four hundred twelve Hanwoo cows were allocated to two treatment groups. The first group of cows were administered gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) on Day 36 (±0.6), prostaglandin F_2α (PGF_2α) on Day 46 (8 to 12 days later), and GnRH on Day 49, which was followed by Ovsynch, consisting of an injection of GnRH on Day 56, PGF_2α on Day 63, and GnRH 56 h and timed AI (TAI) 16 h later (modified Double-Ovsynch group, n = 203). The second group of cows underwent AIED (AIED group, n = 209) and were designated as controls. Results: The pregnancy per AI 60 days after the first AI was higher in the modified Double-Ovsynch (68.5%) than in the AIED (56.5%) group, resulting in a higher probability of pregnancy per AI (odds ratio: 1.68, p<0.05). Moreover, cows in the modified Double-Ovsynch group were more likely (hazard ratio: 1.28, p<0.05) to be pregnant by 150 days after calving than cows in the AIED group, and this difference was associated with a lower mean number of AIs per conception (1.27 vs 1.39, p<0.05) and a shorter median interval between calving and pregnancy (72 vs 78 days, p<0.1). Conclusion: The modified Double-Ovsynch protocol, adjusted according to the herd visit schedule, can be readily used to increase the pregnancy per AI following the first AI and to shorten the interval between calving and pregnancy in beef herds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.219-221
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• 1995

Data on productive and reporductive performance of native cows maintained at Savar Dairy Farm, Central Cattle Breeding Station (CCBS), Savar, Dhaka, were collected from the periods of 1980-1988. The mean calving to first breeding during the second parity was longer (p < 0.01) than the fourth and fifth parities (152 vs 105 and 96 days respectively). There was no difference on the parameters like first breeding to conception, service period, gestation length, number of services per conception and total milk yield over the parities. The mean calving interval during the second parity was longer (p < 0.05) than the fourth and fifth parities. The mean lactation length during the first parity was longer (p < 0.01) than those of second, third, fourth and fifth lactations (317 vs 237, 266, 250 and 247 days respectively). The mean per day milk yield during the first lactation was lower (p < 0.01) than those of second, third, fourth and fifth lactations (1.88 vs 2.55, 2.75, 2.54 and 2.57 kg respectively). The mean dry period was longer in first lactation (p < 0.05) compared to third and fifth lactations (209 vs 141 and 129 days respectively).