• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.851-870
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• 2000

The major goals of periodontal therapy is the functional regeneration of periodontal supporting structures already destructed by periodontal disease as well as the reduction of signs and symptoms of progressive periodontal disease. There have been many efforts to develop materials and therapeutic methods to promote periodontal wound healing. There have been increasing interest on the chitosan made by chitin. Chitin is second only to cellulose as the most abundant natural biopolymer. It is a structural component of the exoskeleton of invertebrates(e.g., shrimp, crabs, lobsters), of the cell wall of fungi, and of the cuticle of insects. Chitosan is a derivative of chitin made by deacetylation of side chains. Many experiments using chitosan in various animal models have proven its beneficial effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the osteogenesis of chitosan on the calvarial critical size defect in Sprague Dawley rats. An 8 mm surgical defect was produced with a trephine bur in the area of the midsagittal suture. The rats were divided into two groups: Untreated control group versus experimental group with 50mg of soluble chitosan gel. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 8 weeks after surgical procedure. The specimens were examined by histologic, histomorphometric and radiodensitometric analyses. The results are as follows: 1. The length of newly formed bone in the defects was $102.91{\pm}25.46{\mu}m$, $219.46{\pm}97.81{\mu}m$ at the 2 weeks, $130.95{\pm}39.24{\mu}m$, $212.39{\pm}89.22{\mu}m$ at the 4 weeks, $181.53{\pm}76.35{\mu}m$ and $257.12{\pm}51.22{\mu}m$ at the 8 weeks in the control group and experimental group respectively. At all periods, the means of experimental group was greater than those of control group. But, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 2. The area of newly formed bone in the defects was $2962.06{\pm}1284.48{\mu}m^2$, $5194.88{\pm}1247.88{\mu}m^2$ at the 2 weeks, $5103.25{\pm}1375.88{\mu}m^2$, $7751.43{\pm}2228.20{\mu}m^2$ at the 4 weeks and $8046.20{\pm}818.99{\mu}m^2$, $15578.57{\pm}5606.55{\mu}m^2$ at the 8 weeks in the control group and experimental group respectively. At all periods, the means of experimental group was greater than those of control group. The experimental group showed statistically significant difference to the control group at the 2 and 8 weeks. 3. The density of newly formed bone in the defects was $14.26{\pm}6.33%$, $27.91{\pm}6.65%$ at the 2 weeks, $20.06{\pm}9.07%$, $27.86{\pm}8.20%$ at the 4 weeks and $22.99{\pm}3.76%$, $32.17{\pm}6.38%$ at the 8 weeks in the control group and experimental group respectively. At all periods, the means of experimental group was greater than those of control group. The experimental group showed statistically significant difference to the control group at the 2 and 8 weeks. These results suggest that the use of chitosan on the calvarial defects in rats has significant effect on the regeneration of bone tissue in itself

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제39권sup2호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2009

Purpose: Recently, interest in chitosan has increased due to its excellent biological properties such as biocompatibility, antibacterial effect, and rapid healing capacity. On the other hand, hydroxyapatite is used as a bone substitute in the fields of orthopedics and dentistry. The hydroxyapatite-chitosan (HA-CS) complex containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles was developed for synergy of both biomaterials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroxyapatite (HA)-chitosan (CS) membrane on bone regeneration in the rat calvarial defect. Methods: Eight-millimeter critical-sized calvarial defects were created in 70 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were divided into 7 groups of 10 animals and received either 1) chitosan (CS) 100% membrane, 2) hydroxyapatite (HA) 30%/CS 70% membrane, 3) HA 30%/CS 70%, pressed membrane, 4) HA 40%/CS 60% membrane, 5) HA 50%/CS 50% membrane, 6) HA 50%/CS 50%, pressed membrane, or 7) a sham . surgery control. The amount of newly formed bone from the surface of the rat calvarial defects was measured using histomorphometry, following 2- or 8- week healing intervals. Results: Surgical implantation of the HA - CS membrane resulted in enhanced local bone formation at both 2 and 8 weeks compared to the control group. The HA - CS membrane would be significantly more effective than the chitosan membrane in early bone formation. Conclusions: Concerning the advantages of biomaterials, the HA-CS membrane would be an effective biomaterial for regeneration of periodontal bone. Further studies will be required to improve the mechanical properties to develop a more rigid scaffold for the HA-CS membrane.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.497-509
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• 2007

Bone morphogenetic proteins(BMPs) are regarded as members of the transforming growth $factor-{\beta}$ superfamily with characteristic features in their amino acid sequences. A number of studies have demonstrated the biologic activities of BMPs, which include the induction of cartilage and bone formation. Recently there was a attempt to overcome a limitation of mass production, and economical efficieny of rh-BMPs. The method producing PTD by using bacteria have advantages of acquiry a mass of proteins. Hences, a new treatment which deliver protein employed by protein transduction domain(PTD) has been tried. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone regenerative effect of TATBMP-2 and TAT-HA2-BMP-2 employed by PTD from HlV-1 TAT protein for protein translocation in the rat calvarial model. An 8mm calvarial, critical size osteotomy defect was created in each of 32 male Spraque-Dawley rats(weight $250{\sim}300g$). The animals were divided into 4 groups of 32 animals each (4 animals/group/healing interval). The defect was treated with TATBMP-2/ACS(Absorbable collagen sponge) (TATBMP-2 0.1mg/ml), TAT-HA2-BMP-2/ACS(TAT-HA2-BMP-2 0.1mg/ml), ACS alone or left untreated for surgical control(negative control). The rats were sacrificed at 2 or 8 weeks postsurgery, and the results were evaluated histologically. The results were as follows: New bone formation were not significantly greater in the TATBMP-2/ACS group relative to negative, and positive control groups. New bone was evident at the defect sites in TAT-HA2-BMP-2/ACS group relative to negative, positive control and TATBMP-2 groups. There were a little bone regeneration in TATBMP-2 groups. While, enhanced local bone formation were observed in TAT-HA2-BMP-2 group. But, The results was not the same in all rat defects. Therefore, further investigations are required to develop a method. which disperse homogenously, and adhere to target cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2003

The major goals of periodontal therapy are the functional regeneration of periodontal supporting structures already destructed by periodontal disease as well as the reduction of signs and symptoms of progressive periodontal disease. There have been many efforts to develop materials and therapeutic methods to promote periodontal wound healing. Bone graft & guided tissue are being used for the regeneration of destroyed periodontium these days. Non-resorbable membranes were used for Guided tissue regeneration in early days, however more researches are focused on resorbable membranes these days. The aim of this study is to evaluate the osteogenesis of paradioxanone membrane on the calvarial critical size defect in Sprague Dawley rats. An 8 mm diameter surgical defect was produced with a trephine bur in the area of the midsagittal suture. The rats were divided into three groups: Untreated control group, Biomesh(R) group and paradioxanone group. The animals were sacrificed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after surgical procedure. The specimens were examined by histologic, histomorphometric analyses. The results are as follows: 1. In histological view on Biomesh(R), no visible signs of resorption was observed at 4 weeks but progressive resorption was observed at 8 weeks through 12 weeks. Paradioxanone membrane expanded at 4 weeks, and rapid resorption was observed at 8 weeks. In both the membranes, inflammatory cells were observed around them. Inflammatory cells decreased with time but were still present at 12 weeks. More inflammatory cells were observed in paradioxanone membranes than in Biomesh(R) membrane. 2. The area of newly formed bone in the defects were 0.001${\pm}$0.001, 0.006${\pm}$0.005, 0.002${\pm}$0.003 at the 4 weeks, 0.021${\pm}$0.020, 0.133${\pm}$0.073, 0.118${\pm}$0.070 at the 8 weeks and 0.163${\pm}$0.067, 0.500${\pm}$0.197, 0.487${\pm}$0.214 at the 12 weeks in the control group, Biomesh(R) group and experimental group respectively. Compared to the control group, Biomesh(R) group displayed significant differences at 4,8, and 12 weeks and the paradioxanone group at 8 and 12 weeks.(P<0.05)

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.448-454
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• 2007

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of using the free flap in the reconstruction of maxillary defects. Methods: 27 consecutive cases of maxillary reconstruction with free flap were reviewed. All clinical data were analyzed, including ideal selection of flap, time of reconstruction, recurrence of cancer, postoperative complications, flap design, and follow-up results. The main operative functional items, including speech, oral diet, mastication, eye globe position and function, respiration, and aesthetic results were evaluated. Results: Among the 24 patients who underwent maxillary reconstruction with the free flap, 14 patients underwent immediate reconstruction after maxillary cancer ablation, and 10 patients underwent delayed reconstruction. There occurred 1 flap loss. Recurrences of the cancer after the reconstruction happened in 2 cases. Postoperative complications were 3 cases of gravitational ptosis of the flap, 2 cases of the nasal obstruction, and 1 case of fistula formation. Out of 27 free flaps, there were 15 latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps, 5 radial forearm, 4 rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps, 1 scapular flap, 2 fibula osteocutaneous flap, respectively. Flaps were designed such as 1 lobe in 9 cases, 2 lobes in 9 cases, and 3 lobes in 5 cases. Among the 14 patients who had intraoral defect or who had palatal resection surgery, 2 patients complained the inaccuracy of the pronunciation due to the ptosis of the flap. It was corrected by the reconstruction of the maxillary buttress and hung the sling to the upper direction. All of the 14 patients were able to take unrestricted diets. In 6 patients who had reconstruction of inferior orbital wall with rib bone graft, they preserved normal vision. Aesthetically, most of the patients were satisfied with the result. Conclusion: LD free flap is suggested in uni-maxilla defect as the 1st choice, and fibular osteocutaneous flap and calvarial bone graft to cover the larger defect in bi-maxilla defect.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제38권
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• pp.26.1-26.6
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• 2016

Background: Xenologous or synthetic graft materials are commonly used as an alternative for autografts for guided bone regeneration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effectiveness of carbonate apatite on the critical-size bone defect of rat's calvarium. Methods: Thirty-six critical-size defects were created on 18 adult male Sprague-Dawley rat calvaria under general anesthesia. Calvarial bones were grinded with 8 mm in daimeter bilaterally and then filled with (1) no grafts (control, n = 10 defects), (2) bovine bone mineral (Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$, Geistlich Pharma Ag. Swiss, n = 11 defects), and (3) hydroxyapatite ($Bongros^{(R)}$, Bio@ Inc., Seongnam, Korea, n = 15 defects). At 4 and 8 weeks after surgery, the rats were sacrificed and all samples were processed for histological and histomorphometric analysis. Results: At 4 weeks after surgery, group 3 ($42.90{\pm}9.33%$) showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) compared to the control ($30.50{\pm}6.05%$) and group 2 ($28.53{\pm}8.62%$). At 8 weeks after surgery, group 1 ($50.21{\pm}6.23%$), group 2 ($54.12{\pm}10.54%$), and group 3 ($50.92{\pm}6.05%$) showed no significant difference in the new bone formation. Conclusions: $Bongros^{(R)}$-HA was thought to be the available material for regenerating the new bone formation.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.37-39
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• 2009

Purpose: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a heterogenous group of Langerhans cell proliferative disorders and includes eosinophilic granuloma, Letterer-Siwe diseases, and Hand-Schuller Christian disease. We report a case of eosinophilic granuloma on frontal area. Methods: A 17-year-old male presented with swelling and tenderness on Lt. frontal and periorbital area. CT and MRI showed a $33{\times}25mm$ sized mass that involved Lt. frontal calvarium, frontotemporal meninges, and orbital roof. Results: Total excision of the mass and adjacent soft tissue, calvarium, and orbital roof was performed. Orbital roof defect was reconstructed with absorbable plate and calvarial defect was done with outer cortex of temporal bone flap. The histology revealed proliferation of histiocytes and eosinophils. Immunologically, these histiocytic cells expressed S-100 protein and CD1a. The patient is currently taking conservative treatment. Conclusion: The severity of these disease and their prognosis and treatments are various. For unifocal cranial Langerhans cell histiocytosis, complete excision is the treatment of choice. We report this case with review of literature.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치주과학회 2005년도 제45회 종합학술대회 연제초록
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• pp.172-173
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• 2005

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권6호
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• pp.509-512
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• 2014

Primary intraosseous meningioma is a rare tumor, and atypical pathologic components both osteolytic lesion and dura and soft tissue invasion is extremely rare. A 65-year-old woman presented with a 5-month history of a soft mass on the right frontal area. MR imaging revealed a 4 cm sized, multilobulated, strongly-enhancing lesion on the right frontal bone, and CT showed a destructive skull lesion. The mass was adhered tightly to the scalp and dura mater, and it extended to some part of the outer and inner dural layers without brain invasion. The extradural mass and soft tissue mass were totally removed simultaneously and we reconstructed the calvarial defect with artificial bone material. The pathological study revealed an atypical meningioma as World Health Organization grade II. Six months after the operation, brain MR imaging showed that not found recurrence in both cranial and spinal lesion. Here, we report a case of primary osteolytic intraosseous atypical meningioma with soft tissue and dural invasion.

• 대한치주과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치주과학회 2007년도 제47회 종합학술대회 연제초록
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• pp.136-137
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• 2007