• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2004년도 제29회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.225-230
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• 2004

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are low calorific value gases (LCVG) emitted from chemical processes such as painting booth, dye works and drying processes etc. Characteristics of VOCs are low calorific values less than 150 kcal/$m^3$, high activation energy for ignition and low energy output. These characteristics usually make combustion unstable and its treatment processes needs high-energy consumption, The cyclone combustion system is suitable for LCVG burning because it can recirculate energy through a high swirling flow to supply the activation energy for ignition, increases energy density to make a combustion temperature higher than usual swirl combustor and also increases mixing intensity, This research was conducted to develop optimized cyclone combustion system for thermal oxidation of VOCs. This research was executed to establish the effect of swirl number with respect to the combustion temperature and composition of exhausted gas in the specific combustor design.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
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• pp.60-65
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• 2001

Bomb calorimeter was developed for measuring the calorific value of combustible matter such as wastes. The calorimeter consist of bomb, stirred-water type bucket, thermometer and ignition circuit. Operation and performance of the calorimeter have been tested experimentally. In the present study, calorific values of light oil, lamp oil and bunker C oil is measured using the bomb calorimeter. Mass of the sample is fixed at lg, and oxygen pressure in the bomb is used as an experimental parameter. Sample in the oxygen bomb is burned with electrically heated Ni-Cr wire of 100mm in length, and temperature of water in the bucket become increased by $5^{\circ}C$ during about 30min. Calorific value of the sample is calculated with the temperature difference of water. Combustion tests, such as the record of temperature history and the inspection of remnants, are performed at 4, 6, 8 and 10 atm of the oxygen pressure. From the test results, oxygen pressure in the bomb must be over 10atm for complete combustion.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2001년도 제22회 KOSCI SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.23-30
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• 2001

Bomb calorimeter was developed for measuring the calorific value of combustible matter such as wastes. The calorimeter consist of bomb, stirred-water type bucket, thermometer and ignition circuit. Operation and performance of the calorimeter have been tested experimentally. In the present study, calorific values of light oil, lamp oil, benzoic acid, ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol is measured using the bomb calorimeter. Mass of the sample is fixed at 19, and oxygen pressure in the bomb is used as an experimental parameter. Sample in the oxygen bomb is burned with electrically heated Ni-Cr wire of 100mm in length, and temperature of water in the bucket become increased by $2{\sim}5^{\circ}C$ during about 30min. Calorific value of the sample is calculated with the temperature difference of water. Combustion tests, such as the record of temperature history and the inspection of remnants, are performed at 6, 8 and 10 atm of the oxygen pressure. From the test results, oxygen pressure in the bomb must be over 10atm for complete combustion.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.1347-1351
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• 2006

폐수처리장에서 발생하는 유기성 폐슬러지를 고체 연료로 전환하고자 하였다. 감압유탕처리된 슬러지의 발열량과 수분함량에 대한 감압의 정도와 유탕 시간 및 온도의 영향을 조사하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 탈수슬러지의 수분함량과 발열량은 각각 81.1%와 2,930 kcal/kg를 나타냈다. 실험 결과 감압 정도와 유탕 시간은 감압유탕처리된 슬러지의 발열량 값에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 인자임을 알 수 있었다. 760 mmHg, 684 mmHg 그리고 630 mmHg 상태에서 $180^{\circ}C$로 25분간 유탕처리된 슬러지의 수분 함량은 각각 32.4%, 14.2% 그리고 11.6%로 나타났다. 684 mmHg 상태에서 $140^{\circ}C$로 15분과 25분간 감압유탕처리된 슬러지의 발열량은 각각 5,400 kcal/kg와 5,540 kcal/kg을 나타냈으며, 630 mmHg에서 유탕처리된 슬러지는 5,520 kcal/kg과 5,660 kcal/kg의 발열량을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.296-301
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• 2012

Purpose: Combustion and fuel qualities of the animal-fats biodiesel as a heating fuel for agricultural hot air heater were studied. Methods: Biodiesel (BD) was made from animal-fats by reacting with methanol and potassium hydroxide in the laboratory. The biodiesel made in the laboratory was tested for fuel and combustion qualities. Results: The kinematic viscosity and the calorific values of the biodiesels were measured. Kerosene based biodiesel, BD20 (K) showed 18 cSt at $-20^{\circ}C$. It seemed that BD100 was not suitable for a heating fuel under some temperature. As BD content increased, the calorific value decreased up to 40,000 J/g for BD100, while the calorific value of light oil was 45,567 J/g showing difference of 5,567 J/g, about 12% difference. Several different fuels including BD20 (biodiesel 20% + light oil 80%), BD50 (biodiesel 50% + light oil 50%), BD100 (biodiesel 100%), and light oil were tested for fuel combustion qualities for agricultural hot air heater, and their combustion performances were compared and analyzed. Flame dimensions of biodiesels and light oils were almost the same shape at the same combustion condition. Generally, the $CO_2$ amounts of BDs were greater than light oil. However, in this study the differences were minor, so there was no significant difference existed between the BDs combustion and light oil. Conclusions: It seemed that quality was good for heating oil for agricultural hot air heater because of showing no barriers for continuous combustion and proper exhaust gas temperature and $CO_2$ amount discharged. But, for fuel fluidity for higher BD content fuel could be a detrimental problem in situations where the outdoor temperature is lowered. As BD content increased, calorific value decreased up to 40,000 J/g for BD100. Calorific value difference between BD20 and light oil was about 1,360 J/g.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.1046-1057
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• 2017

국가 온실가스 인벤토리를 Tier 2 이상의 수준으로 향상시키기 위해서는 IPCC 기본값 대신 국가 고유의 배출계수가 개발 및 이용되어야 한다. 국가 고유 배출계수는 에너지원 종류, 에너지 공정, 시간 추세에 따라 달라지기 때문에, 각 에너지원별 특성값을 파악하는 것은 정확한 인벤토리 구축에 중요한 부분을 차지한다. 국내 석유계 에너지원의 물성은 시간의 경과에 따라 큰 변화는 없었으며, 국내에서 고시되고 있는 에너지원별 열량환산기준 상의 석유계 에너지원에 대한 열량 및 탄소배출계수를 2013년과 2016년에 실제 시료를 수집하여 발열량, 탄소함량 및 탄소배출계수를 산정한 결과값과의 비교분석에서는 대체적으로 일정한 값을 유지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 석유계 에너지원별로 산출된 순발열량과 탄소배출계수는 2006 IPCC Guideline에 나타낸 값들과 비교하였으며, 대부분의 에너지원이 2006 IPCC G/L의 기본값 및 상한, 하한 범위내의 값을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.316-323
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• 2007

This study was carried out to obtain the basic data for the development of the solid fuel with investigating the characteristics of mixtures of animal wastes and wasted coal and supply it as an energy resource to agricultural farms for heating of agricultural facilities. It was investigated for the characteristics of animal wastes (swine waste, swine waste with sawdust, cattle waste), wasted coal, the mixtures of animal wastes and wasted coal with or without mixing seawater. The characteristics of solid fuel according to the mixture ratio of animal wastes and wasted coal were analyzed. The effects of seawater affecting on calorific value and thermal pyrolysis of solid fuels were investigated. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The calorific value was improved with mixing seawater into wasted coal due to chemical reaction. 2) The diverse solid fuels of various calorific values can be made with adjusting the ratio of animal wastes and wasted coal. 3) Animal wastes and wasted coal had each different reaction temperature of thermal pyrolysis and the decreasing rate of weight. 4) The mixture of animal wastes and wasted coal would be ignited easily. Therefore, the solid fuel could be ignited more conveniently when seawater is mixed with it.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.115-115
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• 2011

Biodiesel (BD) was made from animal-fats reacting with methanol and potassium hydroxide in the laboratory. The biodiesel made in the laboratory was sent to K-petro, the government agency, to inspect the quality of animal-fats biodiesel, of which generally the quality was acceptable for heating oil for agricultural hot air heater. Kinematic viscosity and calorific values of the biodiesels were measured. BD20(K), kerosene based biodiesel, showed 18cSt at $-20^{\circ}C$. It seems that BD100 can not be suitable for heating fuel under some temperature. As BD content increased calorific value decreased, up to 40,000J/g for 100% BD, while light oil calorific value was 45,567J/g, showing difference of 5,567J/g, about 12% difference. Several different fuels, BD20, BD50, BD100 and light oil, were prepared and tested for fuel combustion qualities for agricultural hot air heater and their combustion performances were compared and analyzed. Flame dimensions of biodiesels and light oil were almost same shape at the same combustion condition in the burner of the hot air heater. Generally $CO_2$ amounts of BDs are greater than light oil. But,the differences are so small that it is hard to tell there was significant difference existed between the BDs combustion and light oil.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.23-37
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• 2023

One type of biomass that has promising potential for bio pellet production is spent coffee grounds (SCGs). However, previous studies have shown that SCGs in bio pellets cause a lot of smoke. Therefore, they need to be mixed with a material that has a higher calorific value to produce better quality pellets. One material that can be used is pine wood because it has a natural resin content that can increase the calorific value. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of bio pellets produced with SCGs and pine wood charcoal at different particle sizes. The charcoal was ground using either a hammer mill (HM) or a ball mill (BM). Pine wood charcoal was mixed with SCGs at ratios of SCGs to pine wood charcoal of 4:6 and 6:4 by weight, respectively, and the adhesive used a tapioca with a composition ratio 5% of the raw material. The bio pellets were produced using a manual pellet press. The quality of the bio pellets was assessed based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 8021-2014, and the physical observations include flame length, burning rate, and compressive strength. The average water content, ash content, and calorific value of the bio pellets were in accordance with SNI 8021-2014, but the density and ash content values were below the standard values. The BM variation of bio pellets had a higher compressive strength than the HM variation, and the 4:6 BM variation had the longest burning time compared with 4:6 HM.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2011

가스호환성에 문제가 있는 저열량의 LNG가 도입되기 시작한 것은 2005년 동절기부터이다. 이러한 LNG의 도입량은 매년 증가하고 있으며 향후에는 극저열량(발열량 ${\leq}$ 9,500 kcal/$Nm^3$)의 CBM(Coal Bed Methane), Shale LNG도 대량 도입될 예정에 있다. 따라서 호환 가능한 발열량의 가스를 인수기지에서 송출하기 위해서는 저장 탱크별 LNG 발열량을 실시간으로 모니터링할 수 있는 방법이 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 방법의 일환으로 저장 탱크 내설치된 밀도계를 이용하여 LNG 발열량을 실시간으로 측정할 수 있는 방법을 개발하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 액상 LNG와 발열량 간의 정밀 정확한 상관식을 도출하고 이 방법의 불확도를 계산하였으며 또 인수기지 내 발열량 측정 시스템을 시험 구축하였다. 본 방법의 유효성을 확인하기 위해 현장 LNG 분석데이터와 비교하였으며 그 결과 0.17~0.47%정도의 편차를 확인하였다.