• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
• /
• v.61 no.11
• /
• pp.580-587
• /
• 2018

Background and Objectives We evaluated the clinical characteristics and vestibular function of patients with direction changing vibration induced nystagmus (DC VIN) and unilateral vestibular hypofunction and suggest clinical implication and a proposed mechanism of DC VIN. Subjects and Method The records of 315 patients who underwent the VIN test were reviewed retrospectively. Among these, 18 patients (5.7%) showed DC VIN, and out of whom, 15 patients (4.8%) were diagnosed as unilateral vestibular hypofunction by caloric, rotation chair (RCT), and video head impulse test (vHIT). We analyzed the relationship between DC VIN and the dizziness characteristics, duration of disease, and the outcome of the vestibular function test. Results The mean age of 15 patients was $67.4{\pm}10.7years$ and the mean duration of dizziness was $13.6{\pm}29.7months$. The caloric test revealed 25% of the patients to have significant canal paresis [Caloric vestibular neuritis (VN)], while 75% showed normal caloric response. However, unilateral vestibular hypofunction was observed by abnormal results in RCT or vHIT (Non-caloric VN). Seven patients showed ipsilateral DC VIN (nystagmus to vibrated side) and eight patients contralateral DC VIN (nystagmus to opposite side of vibration). Patients with ipsilateral DC VIN were shown to have a significant longer duration of dizziness than those with contralateral DC VIN. Conclusion Although rare, DC VIN can also be found in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Patients with DC VIN had a mild vestibular asymmetry with Non-caloric VN or Caloric VN in the process of compensation. The mechanism of ipsilateral DC VIN seems to be due to the small amount of vestibular asymmetry, which is smaller than the interaural attenuation of vibration.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2013

Quantities as well as distributions of adipose tissue (AT) are significantly related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and can be altered with caloric restriction. This study investigated which cross-sectional slice location of AT is most strongly correlated with changes in CVD risk factors after caloric restriction in obese Korean women. Thirty-three obese pre-menopausal Korean women ($32.4{\pm}8.5$ yrs, BMI $27.1{\pm}2.3\;kg/m^2$) participated in a 12 weeks caloric restriction program. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were measured using computed tomography (CT) scans at the sites of L2-L3, L3-L4, and L4-L5. Fasting serum levels of glucose, insulin, triglyceride, total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), leptin and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were observed. Pearson's partial correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between AT measurement sites and changes in CVD risk factors after calorie restriction. When calories were reduced by 350 kcal/day for 12 weeks, body weight (-2.7%), body fat mass (-8.2%), and waist circumference (-5.8%) all decreased (P < 0.05). In addition, following caloric restriction, serum levels of glucose (-4.6%), TC (-6.2%), LDL-C (-5.3%), leptin (-17.6%) and HOMA-IR (-18.2%) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) as well. Changes in VAT at the level of L3-L4 were significantly greater than those at other abdominal sites, and these changes were correlated with changes in TC (P < 0.05), LDL-C (P < 0.001), SBP (P < 0.001) and HOMA-IR (P < 0.01). These results show that VAT at L3-L4 had a stronger correlation with CVD risk factors than with other AT measurement sites after caloric restriction.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2009

It has been shown that both caloric restriction and exercise, enhances glucose uptake through translocation of GLUT-4 protein. It remains unclear how exercise and caloric restriction affect the changes in VAMP (vesicle-associated membrane protein) in skeletal muscle and GLUT-2 in liver. This study investigated the effects of exercise training and caloric restriction on the expressions of glucose transport relating proteins in muscle and liver tissues in diabetic rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (250±10 g; 8 week in age) were assigned equally to four different groups; control (C), exercise only (E), dietary restriction only (D) and dietary restriction and exercise (DE). Daily food consumption was monitored to establish baseline intake. Both C and E groups consumed baseline food intake while D and DE groups were provided with only 60% of baseline total food intake. Forty-eight hours after intraperitoneal injection of STZ (50 mg/kg), diabetes was confirmed (8-hr fasting blood glucose levels ≥300 mg/dl). Rats in the E and DE groups exercised on a motorized treadmill for 30 min/d, 5 days/week for 4 weeks (5 min running at 3 m/min, 0% grade; 8 m/min for the next 5min, and then 15 m/min for 20 min). Rats were sacrificed 48 hrs after the last bout of exercise. Soleus muscle and liver were extracted to analyze for GLUT-4, VAMP-2, and GLUT-2, respectively. All variables were analyzed using the Western Blotting technique. All values were expressed as optical volume measured by optical density. A Two-way ANOVA was used to examine the difference between groups and applied Duncan's test for post-hoc. No significant differences in GLUT-2 expression were found among groups. However, E (280133±13228 arbitrary units{AU}) and DE (268833±14424 AU) groups showed significantly higher (p<.001) levels of GLUT-4 as compared with C (34461±2099 AU) and D groups (27847±703 AU). VAMP-2 protein expression increased (p<.001) in E (184137±7803 AU) and DE (189800±10856 AU) groups as compared to C (74201±8296AU) and D (72967±863 AU) groups. These results suggest that either exercise with or without caloric restriction increases the up-regulation of GLUT-4 and VAMP-2 in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. However, GLUT-2 protein in liver was not affected by either exercise or exercise with caloric restriction.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.177-185
• /
• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between anorexia, nausea, and vomiting (ANV) and food intake patterns in patients with cancer on chemotherapy. Method: Ninety-one patients from a university hospital in Seoul were recruited and were asked to record food intake and ANV during one cycle of chemotherapy. Results: Caloric and protein intake decreased significantly. The mean caloric intake was 808.75 Kcal (SD=177.54), 48.2% of the recommended intake and the mean of protein intake was 28.44 g (SD=16.44) only 34.7% of the recommended intake. The mean score for dietary diversity was 3.57 (SD=.73) indicating that the patients had taken 3 or more of the 5 food groups. ANV had a significant negative correlation with caloric and protein intake and dietary diversity ($r=-.29{\sim}-.56$, p<.05) and dietary diversity had a significant positive correlation with caloric and protein intake (r=.46 and .57, p=.000). Conclusion: Patients receiving chemotherapy had a very poor intake that could lead to malnutrition and a compromised immune system. These findings suggest the need to develop interventions that encourage for food intake.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.280-287
• /
• 2003

To investigate effects of the shared living on nutrient intakes,250 college male students who were living alone (104 men) or sharing accommodation with friends (134 men) were participated. Their average age was 22.6 years, their average height was 171.8 cm, their average weight was 65.6 kg and their average Body Mass Index (BMI) was 22.2. The caloric intakes of the men living alone or sharing accommodation were 55.9% and 72.5% of the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), respectively. The decreased caloric level of the group living alone seemed to be due to their decreased protein and fat consumption as compared to that of the group sharing accommodation. The group living alone consumed increased amounts of fiber for breakfast and half the carbohydrates, but more fat (p < 0.05) in snacks than the group sharing accommodation. The daily carbohydrate : protein : fat (C : P : F) ratio averaged 58.6 14.1 27.3, which is a lower carbohydrate and a higher fat ratio than the Korean recommended ratio. However, the group living alone was closer to the Korean recommended ratio than the group sharing accommodation. The food intake habits were evaluated as being poorer in the group living alone as compared to the group sharing accommodation, less frequent consumption of fried / pan-fried dishes, and fruits / juices, but more frequent consumption of instant / processed foods. In comparing the eating patterns of the two groups, the group living alone showed better eating habits, such as more“breakfast eating”and less“snacking in the morning, afternoon or late at night”whereas the group sharing accommodation showed better eating habits such as less“picky eaters”and less “eating out”. In the group living alone, their lower caloric intake was assumably due to their fewer side dishes, however they showed higher eating frequencies of instant i processed foods. Since the lifestyle of living alone seems to grow gradually among young men, we strongly recommend dietary education for them.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.359-366
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to identify perceived body image, intentional caloric restriction and physical manifestations of unbalanced nutrition according to the Body Mass Index (BMI) in elementary school students. Methods: The research design was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Data collection was done by using a structured questionnaire that consisted of 34 items. Participants were 151 students in 5th and 6th grades of elementary schools in Gangwon province. Frequency and percentage, one-way ANOVA, and $\chi^2$-test with SPSS WIN 12.0 were used to analyze the data. Results: In elementary school students, over-weight/obesity and normal weight groups reported that they would be satisfied with a thinner body image compared to the present image. The score for intentional caloric restriction was significantly higher in the over-weight/obesity group than in the under-weight group. In physical manifestations of unbalanced nutrition, students in the under-weight group frequently were pale and had dry skin, whereas the over-weight/obesity group reported frequent upper respiratory symptoms. Conclusion: The results suggest that elementary school students need to develop the perception of an adequate body image and to avoid inadequate caloric intake if promotion of the child's growth and development is to be without physical manifestations of unbalanced nutrition.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.215-221
• /
• 2004

To determine the effects of caloric restriction on obese type 2 diabetes we measured body blood glucose and serum lipid level in dietary restricted Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. OLETF rats (obese diabetic rats) and Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats (control rats) were grouped into 2 groups; control (free feed) group and 30% caloric restricted (30% CR) group. At 24 weeks of age the 30% CR animals were provided a diet at a level of 30% less food (by weight) than control rats consumed during the previous week. Blood glucose levels and serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels of CR rats were determined every 2 weeks for 8 weeks total. Blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels of OLETF rats were significantly higher compared to LETO rats. In OLETF rats, the blood glucose levels were decreased to 61% by 8 weeks in the 30% CR compared to the non-CR control group, but changes of blood glucose levels were not observed in LETO rats during the 8weeks in the 30% CR. The serum triglyceride levels of OLETF rats were decreased significantly in the 30% CR but no change in the serum of LETO rats was found. The total cholesterol level was not changed by dietary restriction in LETO rats, but significant changes were observed in OLETF rats by 30% dietary restriction. HDL-cholesterol levels were also increased by dietary restriction in both LETO and OLETF rats. These results suggested that elevated blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol levels in diabetes II patients may be reduced by caloric restriction.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.234-247
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the consumption and perception of high caloric-low nutrient dense foods in middle school students in the Daegu. Among 550 questionnaires distributed to students in Daegu, 528 (256 boys and 272 girls) were analyzed. A little higher than 80% of students ate snacks everyday, and 43.4%, 29.0%, and 8.1% ate snacks once, twice, and three times or more per day, respectively. Snacks and foods most frequently consumed were ice cream, fried noodles, drinks, cookies, and baked goods. Energy supply from snacks was 104.8~356.9 Kcal/intake while that from meal substitution foods was 520.7~980 Kcal/intake. Students' knowledge score of high caloric-low nutrient dense foods was $6.51{\pm}3.02$ out of 10 points. Sixty percent of students did not read nutrition labels, but 67.9% of them thought that they need nutrition education by nutrition teachers. Students recognized the criteria of high caloric-low nutrient dense foods as well as proper food selection for essential educational items, It was concluded that effective education should be implemented in middle schools by nutrition teachers for students to develop good habits in selecting snacks and foods.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.1199-1203
• /
• 2006

This paper analyzes the separation efficiency of vehicles mat residual product, and caloric value, element analysis and heavy metal of separated PE & PVC mat residual product. A results of separation efficiency, fiber fraction of PE & PVC mat residual product was analyzed 71.9% and 18.6%, respectively. Caloric value of PE & PVC mat residual product was analyzed 3,894kca1/kg and 10,203kca1/kg, respectively. A results of element analysis, main component of PVC mat were carbon(33.2%) and oxygen(21.0%), and main component of PE mat fiber were carbon(75.4), hydrogen(11.3%) and oxygen(9.1%). Lead and cadmium concentration of PVC powder was detected 98.9mg/kg and 19.8mg/kg, but Lead and cadmium concentration of fiber was detected 15.7mg/kg and 6.1mg/kg.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.595-600
• /
• 2003

This paper presents the applicability of low caloric synthetic gas from coal gasification to a gas engine system. A commercial LPG engine is modified to use the low caloric synthetic gas from coal gasification as the gas engine fuel. The modification is focused on the fuel supplying system, which includes air flowrate adjusting orifice, gas mixer, vaporizer, preheater, regulators, and fuel tank. The electrical system and others for the alternative fuel are also redesigned and replaced. From the results of engine performance data, we have demonstrated that the engine modified by using coal gasification gas is well operated from idle to wide open throttle conditions although the engine power is somewhat reduced relative to LPG fueled engine. This paper addresses the need to determine the practical potential for such a concept and to identify further research and development efforts that may be necessary.