• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.401-411
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• 2021

Diet is important for muscle health and offers a protective effects against the loss of skeletal muscle mass and physical functions with advancing age. We analyzed the relationship between diet, metabolic disease risk, and sarcopenia in Korean female adults using the 2009-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). A total of 2038 adult women aged 50-64 years were classified into four groups based on the diagnosis of menopause and sarcopenia. The groups were the non-menopause and non-sarcopenia group (NMNS, n=249), the non-menopause and sarcopenia group (NMS, n=14), the menopause and non-sarcopenia group (MNS, n=1,653), and the menopause and sarcopenia group (MS, n=122). The socio-demographics, anthropometrics, blood profile, and dietary data of the subjects were collected. Those who were in both the sarcopenia groups were more obese (p<0.001), had greater waist circumferences (p<0.001), higher body mass index (p<0.001), and higher obesity rates (p<0.001) after adjustment for covariants. Both the sarcopenia groups also had higher plasma levels of total cholesterol (p<0.001), HbA1c (p=0.001), and vitamin D (p=0.020) than both the non-sarcopenia groups. Both the sarcopenia groups demonstrated a decreased intake of calcium (p=0.05), potassium (p=0.008), and niacin (p=0.008) than both the non-sarcopenia ones. Among the four groups, the NMS group showed the highest levels of total cholesterol, obesity, and lowest intake of micronutrients such as calcium, niacin, and potassium. Thus, muscle mass maintenance through weight control and adequate nutrient intake appears to demonstrate a potential association with preventing sarcopenia in Korean middle-aged women.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.747-761
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Korea, studies of diet in elementary school children are hindered by the need for a comprehensive dietary assessment tool. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Korean elementary school children. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The 24-h recall data for 1,624 subjects aged 6-11 yrs from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to extract the items included in the questionnaire. The FFQ items were developed by selecting major dishes based on the results of nutritional contribution and between-person variability for energy and 14 nutrients (carbohydrate, protein, fat, crude fiber, calcium, phosphorous, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C). We selected the major dishes with over 90% of the total contribution to each nutrient and with over 90% of the accumulated R² for each nutrient. Among the 452 dishes, we selected 248 dishes contributing more than 1% of the total consumption. RESULTS: Finally, the FFQ included 107 items combined from 248 dishes based on nutrient profile and recipe. The FFQ items accounted for an average of 88.6% of the energy, 14 nutrient intakes, and 91.4% of the between-person variability. Quantities of dietary intake were assessed by 9 categories of frequency and 3 categories of portion size. Percentages of coverage for energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and calcium were 90.2%, 87.8%, 89.9%, 90.8%, and 88.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a dish-based, semi-quantitative FFQ comprising 107 items for Korean elementary school children aged 6 to 11. Further studies are needed to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of this FFQ for elementary school children.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.567-575
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to identify genes regulated by cyclin dependent kinases 5 (CDK5) that participate in hair pigmentation in mice. Methods: The mRNA expression profiles of skin samples from CDK5-knockdown mice were constructed using high-throughput RNA sequencing and compared with those of wild-type mice. Results: In total, 8,002 known genes were differentially expressed between CDK5-knockdown and wild-type mice. Of these, 3,658 were upregulated and 4,344 were downregulated in the skin of CDK5-knockdown mice. An additional 318 previously unknown genes were also differentially expressed, with 171 downregulated and 147 upregulated genes in the skin of CDK5-knockdown mice. Of the known genes expressed in mouse skin, 80 were associated with hair color, with 61 showing lower expression and 19 exhibiting higher expression in skin of CDK5-knockdown mice. Importantly, the expression of the tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) and the calcium signaling pathway were also found to be regulated by CDK5, suggesting that pigmentation is regulated by CDK5 via the calcium signaling pathway and TYRP1. Conclusion: The transcriptome profiles obtained from the skin of CDK5-knockdown mice compared to wild-type mice provide a valuable resource to help understand the mechanism by which CDK5 regulates melanogenesis in mice and other animals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.378-383
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of chromium methionine (Cr-Met) chelate supplementation on blood metabolites and fatty acid profile of beef from Holstein steers during late fattening period. Fifteen Holstein steers were allotted randomly into two groups including the control (non Cr-Met feeding, NCM, ave. body weight [BW] = $483{\pm}25.7kg$) and the treatment (Cr-Met feeding for 4 months, 4CM, ave. $BW=486{\pm}27.5kg$) group. The feeding amount of Cr-Met to animals was limited to 400 ppb/cow/d and was supplemented to total mixed ration. No difference in blood albumin, alkaline phosphatase, urea-nitrogen, calcium, creatine, glucose, total protein, triglyceride, and cholesterol were observed between the treatment groups (p>0.05). The level of high density lipoprotein was higher in the 4CM group than the NCM group, whereas low density lipoprotein was lower in the 4CM group (p<0.05). The fatty acid composition (caprate, laurate, myristate, pentadecanoate, palmitate, palmitoleate, margarate, cis-11 heptadodecanoate, stearate, oleate, trans-vaccenate, linoleate, cis-11 eicosenoate, docosa hexaenoic acid, and docosa pentaenoic acid) of the beef showed no difference between the two groups (p>0.05). The arachidonic acid level tended to be higher in the 4CM than the NCM group (p = 0.07). Cr-Met had no influence (p>0.05) on the ratio of saturated, unsaturated, unsaturated/saturated, monounsaturated/saturated and polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids whereas the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the 4CM group was comparatively higher than the NCM group (p<0.05). This study concluded that feeding Cr-Met supplementation in 400 ppb/d to Holstein steers for 4 months during late fattening period can improve some blood metabolites and beef quality by increasing PUFA and gamma-linoleate compositions of beef.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.189-200
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• 2020

Pleurotus djamor var. roseus is an edible mushroom isolated from the wild and cultivated on paddy straw substrates. The present study was carried out to compare the nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of P. djamor var. roseus at different growth stages (primordia, basidiomata, and mycelia). The protein content was is in the range of 31.48 to 35.50 g/100g dw. The crude fiber content ranged from 8.0 to 14.60 g, and that of total carbohydrates ranged from 44.75 to 48.90 g. Sodium, magnesium, and calcium reached the maximum levels in basidiomata, and selenium was detected in basidiomata and mycelia (0.47 - 0.22 mg/Kg). The amino acid profile showed that all essential and nonessential amino acids and glycine showed maximum levels in basidiomata and 15.98 ± 0.01 g/100g. The fatty acid profile showed the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids; the unsaturated fatty acid content was maximum in all of the samples, ranging from 76 - 40.41%. The total phenol and flavonoid contents as well as the scavenging (DPPH), ferric thiocyanate (FTC), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) activities in the context of methanol and water extracts from primordia, basidiomata, and mycelium were determined. Among them, basidiomata and mycelial methanol extracts exhibited significant antioxidant activity. Overall, these findings show that P. djamor var. roseus can be used as a functional food for daily consumption.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 1990

The herbicide $^{14}C$-butachlot[N-(butoxymethyl)-2-chloro-2', 6'-diethylacetanilide] labelled uniformly in benzene ring was incorporated in alginate-based granules to get controlled release properties. The influence of kaoline addition on the formulation characteristics and release profiles were evaluated under a closed dark and an opened sunlight condition. Incorporation efficiency of $^{14}C$-butachlor in alginate-kaoline matrices was over 91.8%. Formulation yield was decreased with increase of kaoline concentration. The release rate from all the granules prepared with alginate was slower than that from the commercial granule impregnated in zeolite. The release rate from the granule containing kaoline was decreased as the kaoline content was increased under both conditions. Losses of butachlor from the leacheate solution of the alginate-kaoline matrices under an opened sunlight condition was diminished by increasing the kaoline content.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.225-236
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• 2015

Materials for nutrition education to promote nutrition intake and prevent diseases in elderly individuals were developed, nutrition education was provided to 46 elderly females for 12 weeks, and its effects on the body composition, blood profile, and nutritional quality of subjects were qualitatively analyzed. After the education program, the weight of subjects decreased from 56.7 kg to 56.0 kg (p<0.001), their body fat dropped from 20.8 kg to 19.6 kg (p<0.01), their body mass index (BMI) declined from $25.2kg/m^2$ to $24.9kg/m^2$ (p<0.01), and their percentage of body fat decreased significantly (p<0.05). On the other hand, blood sugar showed a significant increase from 131.6 mg/dl to 141.8 mg/dl (p<0.05). Overall, the percentage of nutrition intake rose. In particular, the estimated energy requirement increased from 89.3% to 99.5% (p<0.05). Further, the contrast ratio of recommended intake showed significant increases in protein (p<0.01), phosphorus (p<0.05), vitamin $B_2$ (p<0.05), vitamin $B_6$ (p<0.05), and niacin(p<0.001), and that of adequate intake showed a significant increase in sodium (p<0.05). The nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) showed a significant increase only in niacin (p<0.05), and the index of nutritional quality (INQ) showed significant increases in protein (p<0.05) and niacin (p<0.001). After the nutrition education program, a qualitative analysis of nutrients consumed by subjects was conducted. The results show improvements across the board except for the deficient intake of calcium and folic acid, suggesting that the nutrition status of subjects changed in a positive direction through the program. The implementation of this program for elderly individuals in a continuous and repetitive manner is expected to facilitate their nutrition management.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2000

It is difficult to treat the endodontic apical perforation successfully. In this study, we hypothesized that the application of PDGF-BB and IGF-I into periapical perforation site may accelerate periapical healing and lead to bone deposition. And the specificity of osteonectin in periapical healing was investigated. The experiments were performed on the upper and lower 51 premolar teeth of 4 beagle dogs. The pulp chamber of each tooth was opened and the dental plaque was inserted into the canal for developing the periapical lesion for 5 weeks. Then, the roots were artificially perforated at the apex with the number 4 profile of .06 taper. In each step, standard periapical radiographs were taken to compare the size of lesion each other. The radiographs were scanned and analyzed by image analysis system. The mean and standard deviation of periradicular radiolucency ratios were calculated in each group. ANOVA was used for comparison. 51 premolars were grouped into 3 groups; control group, calcium hydroxide-treated group and calcium hydroxide plus growth factors-treated group. In the control group, the apical perforations were not sealed and obturated with gutta-percha and ZOE sealer by lateral condensation technique. In the experimental groups, the apical perforation were sealed with calcium hydroxide and with/without $4{\mu}g$ of PDGF-BB & IGF-I in cellulose gel and obturated by lateral condensation technique. Fluorescent bone markers were used to measure new bone formation. Following 2, 4, 12 weeks after experiment the dogs were sacrificed and histologic sections were prepared. Each tooth block including periapical lesion was sectioned mesiodistally. One half of the sections were decalcified with 6% nitric acid and processed by standard paraffin embedding technique. The sections were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, and immunostained for osteonectin. Histomorphometrical measurement of neoformed bone was performed using a light microscope. And the other half of the sections were prepared by undecalcified preparation, and confocal laser scanning microscopic investigations were done.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.4
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• pp.841-853
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• 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Kimchi cabbage by-products either treated or untreated with calcium oxide (CaO) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) as substitutional ingredient of total mixed ration (TMR) on in vitro fermentation, in situ disappearance and growth performance of Holstein steers. Cannulated Holstein (600 ± 47 kg) was used for both the in vitro and in situ experiments. The treatments used were TMR only (CON), TMR + 30% Kimchi cabbage by-products fresh matter (FM) basis (TC), TMR + 30% Kimchi cabbage by-products FM basis + 5% CaO FM basis (TCC), and TMR + 30% Kimchi cabbage by-products FM basis + 5% CaO FM basis + 3.22% AHP FM basis (TCCA). For in vivo experiment, thirty-four Holstein steers (273 ± 45 kg) were subjected to a 150-day feeding trial, divided into two groups: CON and TC. In the in vitro experiment, pH of TCCA was greatest (p < 0.05) among other treatments at all incubation times. Ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acid concentrations were not significantly different for each treatment. However, butyrate was greater (p < 0.05) in TCC and CON than in both TC and TCCA. During in situ experiment, the dry matter (DM) disappearance was greatest (p < 0.05) in TCCA among other treatments. Also, disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were observed greatest (p > 0.05) in TCCA treatment. In the in vivo experiment, average daily gain (ADG) did not differ between CON and TC. In blood profile analysis, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total protein concentration were not significantly different between treatments. But, creatinine concentration was greater (p < 0.05) in TC than in CON. Overall results suggest that Kimchi cabbage by-products either treated or untreated with CaO and AHP can be used as substitutional ingredient in TMR for Holstein steers.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

Sophisticated modern research tools for evaluation of medicinal plants are available but microscopic methods are one of the simplest and cheapest methods to establish the identity of the source materials. Pharmacognostical investigation of the dried, powdered and anatomical sections of the fruits of Trachyspermum roxburghianum (DC) Craib was carried out to determine its macro and microscopical characteristics along with its physical constants. Externally, the fruits, yellowish or greenish brown in colour are elongated, elliptical, slightly curved, prominently ridged and longitudinal. As seen in transectional views of the fruits from Trachyspermum roxburghianum, the mericarp has concave sides called commissural surfaces and a convex outer side called the dorsal surface. The mericarp has three primary ridges alternating with two secondary ridges on the dorsal side. On the commissural side, there are two primary ridges which are lateral in position and two secondary ridges in the commissural side. The seed is attached to the pericarp by a short stalk called a raphe. Circular, four-lobed calcium oxalate crystals are fairly abundant in the endosperm. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, proteins and sugars. The pharmacognostical profile of the fruits will assist in standardization for quality, purity and sample identification.