• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.181.1-181
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• 2001

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.286-289
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• 1995

To find composition of white crystals in canned bamboo shoots, the solubility in distilled water or dilute HCl solution, organic acid composition, mineral composition and amino acid composition of white crystals were analyzed. The contents of ash, protein, fat and carbohydrate were 55.12%, 14.21%, 0.70% and 29.97% respectively. Only oxalic acid was detected by HPLC analysis as an organic acid. Judging from solubility of white crystals, the type of salt was Ca-oxalate. The content of calcium was 72.68% in total amount of minerals. The content of tyrosine was 75.23% in total amount of protein. In conclusion, white crystals was constituted by Ca-oxalate and tyrosine complex.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.79 no.4
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• pp.398-406
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• 1990

Rapidly growing Populus alba ${\times}$ glandulosa has been massively planted in Korea. However, when the wood is processed, the edges of the sawing machinery and tools are easily worn away and spoiled due to the leaf knot and the crystalliferous substance contained in the wood. This study deals with the distribution diagnoses and types of crystalliferous substance. The concentrations of crystalliferous substance are substantially higher in the heartwood than in the sapwood from the same tree. The degree of concentration different appreciably from the location in the heartwood. The crystalliferous substance are mostly composed of silica, aluminum, calcium carbornate and calcium oxalate. The silica and aluminum granules were observed in the lumen of ray cells, vessels and wood fibers, but the calcium carbonates observed in the leaf knot, vessels and wood fibers formed by styloid and druse. The calcium oxalates of chambered crystals were very common in the phloem parenchyma cells.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.264-269
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• 2004

A retrospective analysis was performed with 270 cases of canine urolithiasis examined at Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul Nat'l University in the period between January 2001 and December 2003. The Shih-Tzu (64 cases), Yorkshire terrier (60 cases), miniature schnauzer (41 cases) and maltese terrier (36 cases) had higher incidences than other breeds. Canine urolithiasis occurred from 4 months to 15 years of age, but the most prevalent age was 3 years. Mean age was $5.68\pm3.14$ years. The major mineral component. of calculi was struvite (54.1%) and calcium oxalate (30.4%). There was no sex prevalences: male 131 cases, female 132 cases. The most prevalent anatomic locations of calculi were urinary bladder (53 of 131 cases), urethra (24 of 131 cases) and bladder/urethra (45 of 131 cases) in males and urinary bladder (103 of 132 Cases) in females. The major mineral component of calculi in urinary bladder was struvite (102 of 160 cases), and that in urethra (13 of 25 cases) and multiple locations (29 of 62 cases) was calcium oxalate: The major components of calculi were not always consistent with the components which could be expected from urine pH and crystals. So it is suggested that the components of the calculi must be analyzed after surgical removal to prevent the recurrence when the calculi could not be dissolved by diets or urine pH modifiers.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.176-180
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• 2009

Two year-old female miniature schnauzer was presented with depression, abdominal pain and inappetence. Physical examination revealed tachypnea, fever, and abdominal pain. Leukocytosis with neutrophilia was shown in complete blood count. Radiograph revealed the increase of opacity in parallel to vertebra and dislocation of descending colon. Calculi and sludge in bladder, hydronephrosis and dilation of proximal ureter in right kidney were observed in ultrasonographic examination; also, irregular shape of structure in retroperitoneal cavity was observed. Urinalysis showed protein urine and hemtauria. Many epithelial cells, spindle cells, calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals, struvite crystals, amorphous crystals and granular casts, WBC, cocci were examined in urine sediment test. ERD-kit test result was highly positive. Based on those test and excretory urogram pyelonephritis and complete unilateral obstruction of ureter were confirmed. A balloon type structure in retroperitoneal cavity was found through the exploratory laparotomy. In cytologic examination of aspirated fluid from dilated area many degenerated neutrophils and phagocytized cocci were observed. Staphylococcus intermedius was cultured from aspirated fluid. Based on these clinical results retroperitoneal abscesses caused by Staphylococcus intermedius was diagnosed with ureter obstruction and concurrent cystic calculi. Nephrectomy of right kidney with ureter was performed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.516-521
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• 2003

The Aspergillus species produces metabolic products that play a significant role in the destructive processes in the lung. We experienced a case of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis caused by an Aspergillus niger infection, which contained numerous calcium oxalate crystals in the necrotic lung tissue. A 46-year-old man, who had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis, presented with high fever, intermittent hemoptysis and pulmonary infiltrations with a cavity indicated by the chest radiograph. Despite being treated with several antibiotics and anti-tuberculosis regimens, the high fever continued. The sputum cultures yielded A. niger repeatedly, and intravenous amphotericin B was then introduced. The pathological specimen obtained by a transbronchial lung biopsy revealed numerous calcium oxalate crystals in a background of acute inflammatory exudates with no identification of the organism. Intravenous amphotericin B was continued at a total dose of 1600 mg, and at that time he was afebrile, although the intermittent hemoptysis continued. On the $63^{rd}$ hospital day, a massive hemoptysis (about 800 mL) developed, which could not be controlled despite embolizing the left bronchial artery. He died of respiratory failure the next day. It is believed that the oxalic acid produced by A. niger was the main cause of the patient's pulmonary injury and the ensuing massive hemoptysis.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 1992

Nectar secretion from extrafloral nectary cells of Prunus yedoensis was examined by light and electron microscopy. Nectaries were composed of two or three layers of secretory cells and one layer of subsectretory cells. Vascular bundles in the petioles were connected to those of the subsectretory cell layer. Secretory cells had a number of mitochondria with poorly developed cristae. Plastids had little thylakoids and small vesicles, about 0.2 to 0.3 mm in diameter; however, no plastids had starch grains. Calcium oxalate crystals and plasmodesmata were frequently observed in the subsectretory and secretory cells, respectively. And nectar substances were observed in phloem of petiole, subsectretory, and secretory cells of the secretory gland. These results suggested that the nectar moved by symplastic transport through the plasmodesmata. On the other hand, the nectar droplets were observed in the secretory cell walls. in the cuticular layer just beyond of the former, and on the outer surface of the cuticular layer: such observations indicated that a apoplastic movement was involved in the final step of the nectar secretion. Cellular components related to the nectar transport, such as plasma membrane, cell wall and cuticle were not destroyed but intact: it was interpreted as a eccrine secretion.retion.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2005

Ethylene glycol (EG) intoxication in dogs can pose a diagnostic challenge. We investigated the effect of a lethal dose of EG to the Shepherd on blood, urine test, and histopathologic observation. Shepherds were treated orally with EG at $10\;m{\ell}/kg$ body weight. Clinically, EG caused the vomition, depression of central brain. Anion gap was increased, which was decreased pH of blood, The blood osmorality was increased at 3 hours, and BUN and creatinine was increased at 24 hour significantly. The pH of urine decreased. The crystal of calcium oxalate appeared at 6 hours. The amount of crystals increased at 12 and 24 hours. Microscopically, the degeneration of proximal tubules were shown at 1 hour and finally progressed as acute tubular nephrosis at 24 hours. These results suggest that the blood and urine test accompanied with histopathological examination be helpful to investigate the EG intoxication.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2005

We surveyed the incidence of urinary calculi for feeding period, urinary lesion, composition of calculi and changes of serum chemistry with Korean native castrated steers, which are growing until 26 through 31 months. Without showing any clinical signs such as urethral obstruction, hydronephrosis and strangury for all group, $37.8\%$ (34 out of 90) of Korean native steers carried urinary calculi in carcass. The incidence of urine calculi far different feeding stages from 26 to 31 months were observed as $13.3-60.0\%$er, no significant differences were detected. The distribution of calculi were kidney $(24.4\%)$, kidney and bladder $(10\%)$ and kidney, bladder and urine $(3.3\%)$. Congestion of urinary bladder was shown in $26.6\%$ of Korean native steers. Korean native steers with urinary calculi $(41.2\%)$ had more possibilities (P<0.05) to bring outbreaks of congestion of urinary bladder than those of without calculi $(17.8\%)$. The main composition of calculi were struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate crystals), calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, calcium oxalate, non-oxalate calcium, ammonia and phosphate. The distribution of urine pH was $71.7\%$(above pH 8.0), $12.2\%$ (between pH 7.0 and pH 8.0) and $16.6\%$ (under pH 7.0). Like shown in herbivores, most of the urine pH was distributed as alkaline urine. Serum creatinine was shown significant difference (P<0.05) according to incidence of calculi but other serum chemistry didn't show any difference in serum chemistry. These results suggest that feeding until 26 to 31 months in Korean native steers castrated at 6 months of the age elicits urinary calculi and congestion of urinary bladder, but not clinical abnormality. And adjustment of the dietary Can ratio to a level of 2:1 or greater during feeding period may reduce the possibility of incidence of urinary calculi in Korean native steers.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2011

Sophisticated modern research tools for evaluation of medicinal plants are available but microscopic methods are one of the simplest and cheapest methods to establish the identity of the source materials. Pharmacognostical investigation of the dried, powdered and anatomical sections of the fruits of Trachyspermum roxburghianum (DC) Craib was carried out to determine its macro and microscopical characteristics along with its physical constants. Externally, the fruits, yellowish or greenish brown in colour are elongated, elliptical, slightly curved, prominently ridged and longitudinal. As seen in transectional views of the fruits from Trachyspermum roxburghianum, the mericarp has concave sides called commissural surfaces and a convex outer side called the dorsal surface. The mericarp has three primary ridges alternating with two secondary ridges on the dorsal side. On the commissural side, there are two primary ridges which are lateral in position and two secondary ridges in the commissural side. The seed is attached to the pericarp by a short stalk called a raphe. Circular, four-lobed calcium oxalate crystals are fairly abundant in the endosperm. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, proteins and sugars. The pharmacognostical profile of the fruits will assist in standardization for quality, purity and sample identification.