• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.412-419
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• 2004

다슬기 분말과 그 회분으로 제조한 젖산칼슘인 CaL-P와-A의 두부 응고제로의 이용성을 검토하기 위하여 염화칼슘(CC), 염화마그네슘(MC), 황산칼슘(CS) 및 표준품 젖산칼슘(CaL-S)과의 응고력, 수율, 색상, 텍스쳐, 칼슘함량, 미세구조 및 관능적 특성을 상호 비교하였으며 저장중의 총균수와 침지액의 탁도변화를 살펴보았다. 응고력은 CaL-A가 가장 우수하였으며 CaL-P의 경우도 CaL-S보다 높았다. CaL-A두부의 수율은 CC두부의 110%로 CS와 대등하였으나 CaL-P두부의 수율은 CC의 50% 수준으로 낮았다. 응고제에 따른 두부의 색상은뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 CaL-P 두부는 L＊값이 낮은 반면 a＊, b＊값이 높았다. 두부의 견고성 은 CaL-S>CS>CC)CaL-P>MC)CaL-A순, 응집성은 MC>CaL-S>CC>CS)CaL-P>CaL-A 순을 나타내었으며, 탄력성은 MC가 가장 높았다. 두부의 칼슘함량은 116.12∼204.48mg/100 g이었으나 MC 두부는 57.1 mg으로 낮았다. 두부의 미세구조는 견고도가 낮고 부드러울수록 입자가 작고 균일하였는데 CaL-A와 MC 두부가 대 체적으로 작고 균일하였으며 CaL-P는 CC와 같이 불규칙하였다. CaL-P와 CaL-A 두부는 타 두부에 비하여 질감, 탄력성, 풍미가 좋고 종합적인 맛이 우수하였으며 CaL-A의 경우는 견고성이 낮아 부드러운 맛이 높았다. 총 균수로 평가한 1$0^{\circ}C$에서의 shelf-life는 타 응고제를 사용한 경우 4∼6일을 나타내었으나 CaL-P는 8일로 연장되었다. 탁도도 CaL-P의 경우가 가장 낮았다. 이상의 결과 CaL-P와-A는 두부의 품질을 높일 수 있음과 동시에 체내 흡수력이 높은 칼슘을 공급할 수 있어 산업적으로 많이 사용하고 있는 칼슘의 체내 이용율이 낮은 CS를 대체할 수 있는 두부 응고제로 바람직한 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.236-240
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 타조 사육농장으로부터 폐기물로 나오는 타조알 껍질을 부가가치가 높은 칼슘자원으로 활용하고자, 타조알 껍질의 성분특성 및 젖산칼슘 제조를 위한 최적 회화 조건을 검토하였다. 타조알 껍질(ostrich egg shell with mem-brace, OESM)의 평균 무게는 255.17 g, 둘레는 39.50 cm, 길이는 15.20 cm 이었으며, 피막이 제거된 타조알 껍질(ostrich egg shell without membrane, OES)의 수분함량은 0.35%, 주요 무기질 성분은 Ca으로 전체의 40.98%를 차지하였으며, 단백질 함량은 2.43%, 아미노산 함량은 235.0 mg/100g을 나타내었다. OES로부터 회화분을 제조시, 회화 최적시간은 $700^{\circ}C$에서는 12시간, 80$0^{\circ}C$에서 는 80분, 90$0^{\circ}C$에서는 15분이었으며, 이때 수율은 54.5~54.6%, $L^{*}$ 값은 97.26~97.51, $a^{*}$ 값은 -0.30~-0.34, $b^{*}$ 값은 0.63~0.98 범주를 나타내었다. OES의 입자를 0.841 mm이상, 0.425~0.250mm사이, 0.150 mm 이하의 크기로 구분하여 90$0^{\circ}C$에서 15분간 회화한 후 그 수율(%)을 비교한 결과, 입자 크지에 따른 회화분의 수율에는 유의적인 차이가 없었다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.34-39
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• 1989

젖산수소이탈효소 동위효소의 상대적값을 변화시키기 위하여 ouabain, strychnine sulfate, caffeine sodium benzoate 및 chlorpromazine hydrochloride을 웅성 mouse에 7일, 14일 및 21일간 복강주사하였다. 뇌, 심장 및 신장조직의 이 효소를 셀룰로우즈 strip상에서 전기영동한 후 densitometry에 의하여 동위효소들의 상대적 값을 구하였다. Ouabain은 뇌좆기에서만 B$_4$동위효소를 급격히 증가시켰다. 두가지 stimulant들은 뇌조직에서 $A_4$및 B$_4$동위효소의 상대적 값을 뚜렷하게 변화시킨 반면 deprossant는 뇌조직과 심장조직의 B$_4$동위효소를 제외하고는 동위효소의 재분포를 유도시키지 않았다. 이러한 실험적 결과들로부터 Na+ 이온이나 Ca++ 이온들의 세포질내 농도변화는 젖산수소이탈효소 동위효소의 재분포의 원인이 되지 않으며 원형질막의 체제가 이 효소의 조직특이성을 나타나게 하는 한가지 요인이 될 수 있다고 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1982-1992
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• 2019

The alkaliphilic, calcium carbonate precipitating Bacillus sp. strain AK13 can be utilized in concrete for self-repairing. A statistical experimental design was used to develop an economical medium for its mass cultivation and sporulation. Two types of screening experiment were first conducted to identify substrates that promote the growth of the AK13 strain: the first followed a one-factor-at-a-time factorial design and the second a two-level full factorial design. Based on these screening experiments, barley malt powder and mixed grain powder were identified as the substrates that most effectively promoted the growth of the AK13 strain from a range of 21 agricultural products and by-products. A quadratic statistical model was then constructed using a central composite design and the concentration of the two substrates was optimized. The estimated growth and sporulation of Bacillus sp. strain AK13 in the proposed medium were 3.08 ± 0.38 × 10⁸ and 1.25 ± 0.12 × 10⁸ CFU/ml, respectively, which meant that the proposed low-cost medium was approximately 45 times more effective than the commercial medium in terms of the number of cultivatable bacteria per unit price. The spores were then powdered via a spray-drying process to produce a spore powder with a spore count of 2.0 ± 0.7 × 10⁹ CFU/g. The AK13 spore powder was mixed with cement paste, yeast extract, calcium lactate, and water. The yeast extract and calcium lactate generated the highest CFU/ml for AK13 at a 0.4:0.4 ratio compared to 0.4:0.25 (the original ratio of the B4 medium) and 0.4:0.8. Twenty-eight days after the spores were mixed into the mortar, the number of vegetative cells and spores of the AK13 strain had reached 10⁶ CFU/g within the mortar. Cracks in the mortar under 0.29 mm were healed in 14 days. Calcium carbonate precipitation was observed on the crack surface. The mortar containing the spore powder was thus concluded to be effective in terms of healing micro-cracks.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.860-865
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• 2006

본 연구는 주정과 구연산을 처리한 대멸분말과 함께 식이성 칼슘소재가 SD계 흰쥐의 칼슘대사에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행되었다. 실험식이는 대델분말의 칼슘함량을 고려하여 식이중의 칼슘함량이 0.1%가 되도록 semi-purified diet(AIN-diet, 1977)에 건조대별분말을 첨가한 대조군(C), 주정-구연산처 리군(EC), 주정-구연산+CPPS처리군(ECC), 젖산칼슘첨가군(CL) 및 인산칼슘침가군(CP)으로처리하여 5주동안 실험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 증체랑은 EC군이 ECC군과 일반적인 칼슘소재로 이용되는 젖산칼슘군(CL)과 인산칼슘군(CP)에 비해 유의하게 높았고(p<0.05), 식이효율(FER)은 차이가 없었다. 생체내외(in vitro 을 in vivo) 칼슘흡수율은 CPP를 처리한 ECC군이 각각 20.4%,28.4%로 실험군중 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 혈당치는 CL군(105.7 mg/dL)이 대조군(89.5 mg/dL)보다 유의하게 높았고 (p<0.05), TC농도는 EC군(75.1 mg/dL)이 CP군(65.6 mg/dL)보다 높았으며, TG농도는 CP군(33.5 mg/dL)이 통계적으로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). ALP활성과 057농토는 실험군간 차이가 없이 CL군이 대조군보다 다소 높았다. 혈중 Ca농토는 칼슘흡수율이 가장 낮은 대조군(C)이 10.82 mg/dL로 유의하게 낮았고, EC군과 ECC군이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 대퇴골무게는 CP군이 가장 낮았고(p<0.05),길이는ECC군이 가장 길었다(P<0.05). 골밀도는 CP군$(0.1116\;g/cm^2)$이 가장 낮았던 반면, ECC군$(0.1149\;g/cm^2)$이 가장 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 CPPs를 첨가한 ECC군이 생체내의 칼슘흡수율과 혈중 Ca농도 및 대퇴골의 길이와 밀도 등에 유의한 상승효과를 미친 것으로 나타났다. 향추 본 연구결과는 칼슘흡수율을 높이고 색택의 개선 및 관능이 향상된 기능성제품 개발의 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.404-416
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• 2020

Bacteria that are resistant to high temperatures and alkaline environments are essential for the biological repair of damaged concrete. Alkaliphilic and halotolerant Bacillus sp. AK13 was isolated from the rhizosphere of Miscanthus sacchariflorus. Unlike other tested Bacillus species, the AK13 strain grows at pH 13 and withstands 11% (w/v) NaCl. Growth of the AK13 strain at elevated pH without urea promoted calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) formation. Irregular vaterite-like CaCO₃ minerals that were tightly attached to cells were observed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses confirmed the presence of CaCO₃ around the cell. Isotope ration mass spectrometry analysis confirmed that the majority of CO₃^2- ions in the CaCO₃ were produced by cellular respiration rather than being derived from atmospheric carbon dioxide. The minerals produced from calcium acetate-added growth medium formed smaller crystals than those formed in calcium lactate-added medium. Strain AK13 appears to heal cracks on mortar specimens when applied as a pelletized spore powder. Alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. AK13 is a promising candidate for self-healing agents in concrete.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 1997

The elevation of intracellular calcium in various tissues due to oxidative stress induced by either menadione or adriamycin has been well documented. The increase of calcium level in platelets results in aggregation of platelets. To test the hypothesis that chemically induced calcium elevations can play a role in platelet aggregation, we have studied the effects of menadione and adriamycin on aggregation of platelets isolated from female rats. Treatment with menadione and adriamycin to platelet rich plasma (PRP) appeared to induce platelet aggregations up to 60%, as determined by aggregometry. However, exposure of PRP to rnenadione or adriamycin led to a loss of viability, as measured by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Morphological studies of platelets revealed that, when PRP was treated with menadione, aggregates of platelets were not observed and the numbers of platelets were decreased significantly. This suggests that menadione and adriamycin decreased turbidity by inducing platelet lysis rather than platelet aggregation. These cellular toxicities induced by menadione or adriamycin was not correlated with oxygen consumption rate but with depletion of protein thiols, suggesting that protein thiols might play an important role in chemical-induced platelet toxicity.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 1988

In the present study, an attempt was made to observe the effect of calcium-sources and preservatives on Kimchi fermentation. After pre-fermentation at room temperature for 16 hours, each Kimchi was stored at 4$^{\circ}C$. Changes of vitamin contents(vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin and $\beta$-carotene) during the fermentation of Kimchi were determined. It was also attempt to relate the fermentation of Kimchi with the changes in chemical and organoleptic characteristics, such as pH, total acidity and reducing sugar. The findings were summarized as follows; 1. During Kimchi fermentation, the pH decreased steady and total acidity increased slowly in the follow order: K-Sorbate+acetic acid, k-Sorbate, Ca-Lactate and Control. the lower of pH and the higher of total acidity, the less of reducing sugar was remained. 2. changes of total vitamin C and reduced ascorbic acid contents during the Kimchi fermentation did not differ significantly from each other. At the begining of fermentation, Kimchi samples contained 20~25mg/100g of total vitamin C and 5~14 mg/100g of reduced ascorbic acid. In the final stage, however, 15~19 mg/100g of total vitamin C and 1~3 mg/100g of reduced ascorbic acid were remained. 3. The contents of thiam in and riboflavin were 30 to 42 meg/100g and 50 to 67 meg/100g at the initial stage, respectively. They increased with the degree of maturity (approximately 2 times of the content of the initial stage) and then gradually decreased. The content of $\beta$-carotene was found to be decreased with the degree of maturity. 4. The results of sensory evaluation indicated that Kimchi added with Ca-Carbonate, Ca-Carbonate+acetic acid and Ca-lactate were better than Control.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.674-684
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• 2010

The effects of ascorbic acid (AA) alone or in combination with sodium acetate/calcium lactate (AA+SACL) and chitosan (AA+CH) on the physicochemical properties and microbial growth of beef and pork patties stored at $5^{\circ}C$ were investigated. The patties were case-ready packed in an air-containing polypropylene (PP) tray and sealed with polyethylene terephthlate (PETP)/casted polypropylene (CPP) top film. Treatments with AA, AA+SACL and AA+CH were effective in inhibiting total aerobic bacteria from day 4 compared to the control. In general, thiobarbituric acid, volatile basic nitrogen, and hue values in treated samples were lower than the control over the storage, whereas Hunter ${\alpha}^*$ (redness) values and sensory scores for surface color and off-odor were higher. Regarding quality and shelf-life extension, ground beef and pork patties treated with AA+SACL produced the most desirable results among all treatments during storage.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.307-316
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• 2004

This study was conducted to develop a coating system for producing clean enriched rice. The nutritional components of such as brown rice, white rice, clean white rice, enriched rice of US, black rice of China, and rice with perfume of China, were analyzed and compared. Total protein lipid md minerals in brown rice were higher than those in the other rices. A nutrition premix with lysine, thiamine, niacine, calcium lactate, ferrous lactate, and rice starch was made for enriching white rice. A coating device consisted of a tumbler, two spraying nozzles, a rice mixer, etc was developed with the capacity of 1 ton/h. And far-infrared dryers of batch and continuous types were developed to dry hygienically the wet enriched rice. The percentages of lysine, thiamine, amino acid nitride, and Ca and Fe of the enriched rice samples produced in this study were, respectively, 4, 3, 3. 2, and 10 times higher than those of white rice, respectively.