• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2003

This study was carried out to develop a better fruit-dressing than previous mayonnaise in terms of calories, salt content and color, using kiwis, oranges, strawberries, and apples. This study was aimed to identify the perception, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of the 4-kinds of fruits dressing. The results were as follows: The perception of the fruit dressings received the highest score (3.90) for 'It's convenience foods'. The misture in the dressings ranged from 49.3 to 59.4%, and was highest in apple dressing, followed by the kiwi, strawberry, and orange dressings, in that order. The crude ash for the dressings ranged from 0.8 to 1.4%, and was highest in the orange dressing. The L value was highest in the apple dressing, the a(-) value in the kiwi dressing, the a(＋) value in the strawberry dressing and the b value in the orange dressing. The Ca/ P ratio was about 1.17 : 1. The results of mineral contents analyses were also examined. The calcium, magnesium and potassium levels were highest in the orange dressing. The mineral contents of fruit dressings were 6.7 to 20.4mg/100g for calcium, 6.5 to 20.5mg/100g for magnesium and 67.2 to 182.6mg/100g for potassium. The sodium content of the fruit dressings were lower than in the previous mayonnaise, especially for the kiwi-dressing, which was 30% that in the mayonnaise. As a result of the sensory evaluations of the 4-kinds of fruits dressing, the kiwi dressing received the highest scores (3.50) of all the fruit-dressings in relation to the taste and palatability. Fruit are good for producing dressings that are low in calories and salt, with kiwi dressing proving to be the best of those fruits tested.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.357-365
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• 2006

The investigations were conducted to find out the situation of fertilizer use and the contents of soil chemical components on summer vegetable crops at 791 farmers' upland fields located in the parts of Gangwon-do, Gyengsangbuk-do and Jeollabuk-do of alpine area. Major vegetable crops were potato, Chinese cabbage, radish, carrot, onion, and cabbage. From the location surroundings cultivated alpine vegetable crops, the orders were Gangwon-do>Gyeongsangbuk-do>Jeollabuk-do part in the sizes of a fie1d area and the height above sea level, and Jeollabuk-do>Gyeongsangbuk-do>Gangwon-do part in the slope degrees. The soil texture was of wide distribution on sandy loam soil for Gangwon-do(76%) and Jeollabuk-do part(64%), and 1oam(42%) and sandy loam soil(35%) for Gyeongsangbuk-do part. From the numbers of investigated fields, the distribution of slope degree was wider than those of height above sea level in relation to location surroundings. The upland soils of 785 fields cultivated vegetable crops were sampled at 0~15 cm of top soil before seeding or transplanting and analyzed. On an average, pH, organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium, calcium, magnesium of soil were 5.7, $27.6g\;kg^{-1}$, $765mg\;kg^{-1}$, $1.16cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, $6.1cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, and $1.6cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. The average cation exchange capacity(CEC) of 120 sites in Gangwon-do part was $9.2cmol_c\;kg^{-1}$. The content of organic matter, exchangeable potassium, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium was higher, while that of available phosphate was lower with slope degrees. And the content of major chemical components in carrot soil was lower in comparison with other crop soils. The average levels of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, livestock manure and lime fertilizer of 785 Belds applied by farmers were 335, 198, 244, 12,680 and $1,750kg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively, for summer vegetable crops in alpine area. The average amounts of $N-P_2O_5-K_2O$ fertilizers applied by farmers in 785 Gelds of vegetable crops were higher 1.7~2.0-4.2~7.0-1.4~2.0 times on potato, 1.4~1.6-4.6~8.3-3.5~4.2 times on Chinese cabbage, and 1.2~1.3-4.2~7.2-3.0~3.61 times on radish than the rates of NPK fertilizers based on soil testing for each crop.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 2000

Thig study was conducted to get a knowledge on chemical components of the cooked tuna bones (skipjack tuna bone and yellowfin tuna bone) as a food resource. The crude protein of tuna bone was around $29{\%}$ on the dry basis. The imino acid content (193 imino acid residues /1,000 amino acid residues) of collagen extracted from yellowfin tuna bone was higher than that (173 imino acid residues /1,000 amino acid residues) of collagen extracted from skipjack tuna bone, however, it was lower than that of collagen extracted from animal bone. The content and the ratio of unsatuated fatty acids in lipid extracted from yellowfin tuna bone were higher than those of lipid extracted from skipjack tuna bone, but they were lower than those of squid viscera oil. The contents of calcium and phosphorus as the major components of the tuna tone were 36.5 g and 17.2 g in 100 g ash in the skipjack, respectively, and 38.0 g and 18.7 g in 100 g ash in the yellowfin, respectively. It was concluded from these results that tuna bones could be effectively utilized as a mineral source.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2012

Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of fertigation (fertilizer-added irrigation) on soil EC (electrical conductivity), nitrogen and calcium content in soil, vine growth and fruit yield of oriental melon (Cucumis melo L. var. makuwa Mak.). Soil EC was increased with the frequency of fertigation (Yamazaki's solution for melon, 900 L/1,000 plants, each time) up to $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ as compared to that of conventional irrigation ($0.2dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$). Ca content in soil also increased in fertigation fields. Vine dry weigh (20 days after planting) was significantly increased in fertigation plot. Markedly increases in marketable fruit yield and lower rate of off-shape fruit were recorded with the increase in fertigation frequency. Mean fruit weight and soluble solids contents ($^0Brix$) in fruit were not affected by fertigation. Fresh weight loss during storage was significantly higher in fruits harvested from 2 times fertigation (09:00 and 18:00) plot than conventional irrigation and the 1 time fertigation ones.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.293-302
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• 2015

This study investigated sediment oxygen consumption rates and geochemical characteristics of sediment in hypoxic area of the Gamak Bay based on the chamber experiments and geochemical analyses. The organic carbon contents of surface sediment in the Gamak Bay showed that the inner bay area has higher organic carbon content than those of the outer bay. They toward the outer bay, contents dropped off. The vertical profiles of calcium carbonate ($CaCO_3$) content at piston core sediment assumed that the hypoxia have been frequently occurred during past century in the northern inner bay. The benthic chamber experiments were conducted in February, May, August and November 2010, 2011 in the hypoxic area of the Gamak Bay. In the sediment incubation experiment with chamber at site C3 in the northern inner bay and site C17 in the southern outer bay, the sediment oxygen consumption rate ranged from $3.98mmol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$ to $12.43mmol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$ and $3.28mmol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$ to $8.18mmol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$, respectively. When the oxygen was completely depleted, the toxic hydrogen sulfide was released with $1.38mmol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$ and $1.3mmol\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.97-114
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• 2012

This study was performed to assess the nutritional status and hair mineral content of children with behavioral problems and compare the values with a gender, age-matched control group. The subjects were recruited from S elementary school children in Seoul, Korea. Students scored higher than 60 points were diagnosed with behavioral problems according to the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist. Nutritional assessment of the two groups (behavior problem group: male n=15, female n=24; $9.6{\pm}1.6$ years, control group: male n=16, female n=18; $9.5{\pm}1.9$ years) was performed using a nutritional survey and by measuring hair mineral contents. In the results, food frequency questionnaire analysis showed that the intakes of anchovy (P<0.05), soybean curb (P<0.01), radish (P<0.05), bean sprouts (P<0.05), spinach (P<0.05), carrot (P<0.05), pumpkin (P<0.05), lettuce (P<0.05), cabbage (P<0.01), apple (P<0.05), and milk (P<0.01) were higher in the control group than the behavior problem group, whereas intakes of ramyeon (P<0.05), cookies (P<0.05), and coke (P<0.01) were higher in the behavior problem group than the control group. Intakes of most nutrients such as plant-derived protein (P<0.05), fiber (P<0.05), plant-derived calcium (P<0.05), phosphorus (P<0.05), plant-derived iron (P<0.05), vitamin B2 (P<0.05), vitamin B6 (P<0.05), vitamin C (P<0.01), vitamin E (P<0.05), and folate (P<0.05) were significantly higher in the control group than the behavior problem group. Hair analysis showed that the levels of arsenic (P<0.05), mercury (P<0.001), uranium (P<0.05), iron (P<0.001), boron (P<0.01), and germanium (P<0.001) were lower, but the levels of phosphate (P<0.05), chromium (P<0.001), sodium (P<0.05), and sulfur (P<0.001) were higher in the behavior problem group than the control group. Conclusively, behavioral problems constitute a complicated condition in which nutritional factors may play major roles. However, it is still under investigation as to whether or not modification of dietary habits or nutritional supplementation can improve children's behavior, since symptoms require a broad understanding of the environmental and genetic interactions.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.328-334
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• 2014

This study reviewed the usability of sludge, a material that is additionally created when polysilicon (a solar light material) is produced, as the raw material for cement clinker. It was evaluated that when cement clinker is produced, the chloric component of polysilicon acted as a mineralizer in the firing process. In addition, the physical features of the produced cement were measured. The setting time of the produced cement was reduced as the amount of content of polysilicon sludge increased. Such results were drawn because the chloric component acted as hydration accelerator and enhanced the dissolution of calcium hydroxide that was formed by hydration of $C_3S$. Furthermore, for such reason, on the day 1, the compression strength of mortar increased as the content of polysilicon sludge increased. In day 3, 7, and 28, the tendency in which the compression strength increasing up to 5% of the amount of added polysilicon sludge was shown. It is because when clinker was produced, the chloric component increased the amount of $C_3S$ mineral created, thus enhancing the compression strength after day 3.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.2 s.92
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• pp.227-232
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• 2006

This article presents the results of experimental study that investigates the effect of filler and shrinkage reducing agent influencing on the strength properties of MMA-modified polymer paste that was produced to develop the surface-repair and coating materials of the concrete structures. Results show that the flexural and compressive strengths of the polymer paste increased 29 and 27%, respectively, when the aluminum hydroxide completely replaced the calcium carbonate as the filler Furthermore, when the shrinkage reducing agent was used 30%, both strengths decreased about 29% comparing to when the agent was not used. As in the cases of flexural and compressive strengths, the adhesive strength increased as the content of aluminum hydroxide as the filler increased, and it decreased as the content of shrinkage reducing agent increased. The adhesive strength with a dry concrete substrate turned out to be $30{\sim}40%$ higher than that with a wet concrete substrate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.719-724
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• 2010

This study investigated the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of Daehak waxy corns harvested at different times. Daehak waxy corns were harvested at 4 days before suitable time (BST), suitable time (ST) and 4 days after suitable time (AST). As harvest time was delayed, weight, length and width of kernel, the crude ash, lipid and protein contents significantly increased. Fructose, glucose and sucrose contents of BST were higher than those of ST and AST. Copper, sodium, calcium and potassium contents of BST in Daehak waxy corns increased on different times, and contents of ferrous and zinc did not show any significantly difference. The major fatty acids were oleic acid (48.58~49.96%), palmitic acid (19.50~20.64%) and palmitoleic acid (18.70~23.77%) in Daehak waxy corns with different harvest times. The highest total polyphenol content and total antioxidant capacity of EtOH extracts from AST were 104.45 mg/100 g and 20.53 mg AA eq/100 g, respectively. There was a high correlation between total polyphenol content and $IC_{50}$ value of electron donating ability of EtOH extracts from Daehak waxy corns harvested at different times, or total antioxidant capacity (p<0.01).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.424-429
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• 2004

Proximate components, minerals, vitamins and chlorophyll contents were determined in vegetables purchased at Garak-dong market and organic vegetables cultivated at Hongchun, Kangwon-do. The vegetables were Kale, Angelica Keiskei Koidz, Celery, Lettuce and Allium fistulosum. In proximate component contents, analyzed crude protein and fat contents of organic vegetables were higher than those of general vegetables. Organic vegetables had strong green color. Minerals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron as well as vitamins were determined. Contents of minerals and vitamins in organic vegetables were higher than those of general vegetables. Total mineral content of organic and general kales were 811.8 mg/l00g, and 688.1 mg/l00g, respectively. Total mineral content of organic Angelica Keiskei Kowz, Celery, Lettuce and Allium fistulosum were 447.9, 486.5, 368.6, and 320.9 mg/100g, respectively.