• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.189-198
• /
• 2006

Purpose: To investigate the in vitro response of MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells to X-ray in the presence and absence of 2 deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and quercetin (QCT). Materials and Methods: The MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in an ${\alpha}-MEM$ supplemented with 5 mM 2-DG or $10{\mu}M$ QCT and then the cells were incubated for 12 h prior to irradiation with 2, 4, 6, and 8Gy using a linear accelerator (Mevaprimus, Germany) delivered at a rate of 1.5 Gy/min. At various times after the irradiation, the cells were processed for the analyses of proliferation, viability, cytotoxicity, and mineralization. Results: Exposure of the cells to X-ray inhibited the tritium incorporation, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT)-reducing activity, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and caused cytotoxicity and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner of the X-ray. This effect was further apparent on day 3 and 7 after the irradiation. RA+2-DG showed the decrease of DNA content, cell viability, and increase of cytotoxicity rather than RA. ALP activity increased on day 7 and subsequently its activity dropped to a lower level. 2-DG suppressed the calcium concentration, but visual difference of number of calcified nodules between RA and RA+2-DG was not noticed. RA+QCT showed the increase of DNA content, cell viability, but decrease of cytotoxicity and subG1 stage cells in the cell cycle, and increased calcified nodules in von Kossa staining rather than the RA. ALP activity showed significant increases on day 7 and subsequently its activity dropped to a lower level. Conclusion: The results showed that the 2-DG acted as a radiosensitizing agent and QCT acted as a radiosensitizing agent respectively in the irradiated MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.144-154
• /
• 2008

Objectives: Osteoporosis is one of the most common metabolic bone disorders in the menopausal stage, a disease signified by decrease of bone mass. The purpose of this study was to learn how Lycii Fructus influences SD rats with osteoporosis caused by the removal of the ovaries. Methods: After the removal of the ovaries from 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats, they were divided into a normal group, a control group, and a Lycii Fructus (25mg/100g) administration group. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their weights, albumin, AST, ALT, ALP, total-cholesterol, triglyceride, P, Ca, T4, E2, weight of a femur, ash content of the tibia, and area and thickness of trabecular bone were measured. Results: Regarding the density of ALT, ALP, and estradiol from serum, the Lycii Fructus group was significantly decreased compared to the control group, and the density of phosphorous and calcium also decreased slightly. Moreover, albumin, triglyceride, and T4 showed an increasing propensity, but AST and total-cholesterol showed a decreasing propensity, but not significant. Regarding the variation of bone, femur weight and ash content of tibia, the Lycii Fructus group was increased compared to the control group but significance wasn't shown. The Lycii Fructus group increased significantly over the control group in area and thickness of trabecular bone and osteoclast number. Conclusions: From the results of the above study, Lycii Fructus should be effective for osteoporosis treatment and prevention.

• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.122-126
• /
• 2014

천연 억새 1년, 2년, 3년생의 화학성분 분석결과 인산은 증가하는 반면 칼슘과 칼리는 낮아지는 경향이었고 총 질소는 2년생 억새에서 증가하였고, 총 탄소는 3년생 억새에서 급격히 증가하는 경향으로 버섯배지의 이용성이 높게 평가되었다. 억새의 발효조건은 미강20%를 혼합할 경우 발효는 5일부터 5일간에 지속되고 이때 온도는 $50-55^{\circ}C$로 유지되어 고온성 미생물 군이 형성됨을 알 수 있었고 처리효과 구명은 미강20% 첨가발효배지가 무처리 억새배지보다 수량이 60% 향상되었다. 느타리봉지재배의 억새배지는 포플러톱밥50%의 포플러톱밥 20%를 억새발효배지 20%로 대체한 혼합배지인 포플러톱밥30%, 억새발효배지20%, 비트펄프30%, 면실박20% 배지를 개발하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.1203-1210
• /
• 1999

더덕, 곰취, 컴프리를 사용하여, 총질소함량을 기준으로 소맥대신 이들 산채류를 일정비율로 대체하여 더덕 및 산채혼합 간장을 제조하여 그 특성을 살펴보았다. 제조된 간장의 총 질소함량은 일반적으로 산채 대체량의 증가에 따라 증가하였다. 숙성 4개월 후의 무기질 함량에 있어 더덕 20% 대체간장은 Ca, K 함량이 각각 1.3배, 1.5배의 증가율을 나타내었으며, 산채혼합 10% 대체간장도 Ca 함량이 1.5배 증가하였다. 대체량 별로 아미노산 함량 변화를 살펴보면 더덕간장 10% 대체군의 경우 threonine과 aspartic acid가, 산채혼합 10% 대체군은 tyrosine과 arginine이 높은 증가율를 나타내었다. Rec assay system을 이용한 항돌연변이 시험에서, 더덕간장은 10%와 20% 대체군이, 산채혼합 간장은 7%와 10% 대체군이 다른 시료에 비해 높은 항돌연변이성을 나타내었다. 관능검사 결과. 전체적 기호도에 있어 더덕간장은 7% 대체군, 산채혼합 간장은 5% 대체군이 가장 우수하였다.

• 한국토양환경학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 1996

본 실험은 산업 현장에서 광범위하게 사용하고 있는 유기용제인 Trichloroethylene (TCE)이 저장탱크누출, 작업장에서의 취급 부주의, 매립지 침출수 유출 등을 통해 토양과 지하수를 오염시킬 우려가 있는 물질이므로 토양내에서의 TCE의 흡착성향을 파악하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 이를위해 토양의 유기물 함량과 석회 시용량을 달리하여 TCE에 대한 Freundlich 등온흡착식 상수 k와 n을 결정하였다. 유기물함량은 sewage sludge cake을 0ton/ha, 50ton/ha, 100ton/ha 수준으로 처리하고 S1, S2, S3라 명명하였다. 석회는 2ton/ha, 4ton/ha, 6ton/ha, 10ton/ha. 수준으로 처리하였다. sewage sludge cake을 수준별로 처리한 실험에서 구한 Freundlich 등온흡착식은 다음과 같다. (단, TCE 처리 농도범위가 0.5~2.5ng/g soil 일 경우임) S1 : x/m = 0.393 $C^2$, S2 : x/m = 0.436 $C^2$, S3 : x/m = 0.636 $C^2$위 식에서 보듯이 k값이 sewage sludge cake 처리수준이 증가할수록 0.393, 0.436, 0.636으로 증가하므로 TCE 처리농도가 같다면 sewage sludge cake 처리수준이 높은 토양일수록 TCE에 대한 흡착효율이 좋았다. 반면 석회시용 수준이 증가할수록 토양의 pH는 증가하였고 TCE 흡착능력은 감소하였다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제13권4호
• /
• pp.360-364
• /
• 1998

전라북도내에서 생산된 천일염, 재제염, 가공염(구운소금, 죽염)의 pH, 수분 , NaCl, $SO_{4}^{-}$, 물불용성분, 산불용성분, Ca, Mg, Pb, Cd, Hg를 분석하였다. 평균 pH는 천일염 8.00, 재제염 6.80, 구운소금 9.93, 죽염 10.35로 죽염의 pH가 가장 높았고 평균 수분은 천일염 10.7%, 재제염 5.65%, 구운소금 0.04%, 죽염이 0.13%로 천일염이 가장 높았다. 평균 NaCl 함량은 천일염 84.3%, 재제염 96.0%, 구운소금 96.6%, 죽염 95.5%로 천일염이 가장 낮았고 $SO_{4}^{-}$ 평균 함량은 천일염 3.0%, 재제염 0.84%, 구운소금 1.53%, 죽염이 0.59%로 천일염이 가장 높았다. 물불용성분은 천일염 0.14%, 재제염 0.001%, 구운소금 1.08%, 죽염이 1.98%로 죽염이 가장 높았고 산불용분은 천일염 0.08%, 재제염 0.001% 이하, 구운소금 0.11%,죽염이 0.21%로 물불용분 보다는 낮았다, 칼슘은 천일염 0.213%, 재제염 0.038%, 구운소금 0.163%, 죽염이 0.21%로 물불용분 보다는 낮았다. 칼슘은 천일염 0.123%, 재제염 0.038%, 구운소금 0.163%, 죽염이 0.198%로 천일염이 가장 높았고 마그네슘은 천일염 1.078%, 재제염 0.111%, 구운소금 0.478%, 죽염이 0.565%로 천일염이 가장 높았다. 납은 천일염 0.78 ppm, 재제염 0.45 ppm, 구운소금 0.9 ppm, 죽염이 1.15 ppm로 죽염이 가장 높았고 카드뮴, 비소, 수은은 천일염, 재제염, 가공염(구운소금, 죽염)에서 모두 검출되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 전라북도 내에서 생산되는 각종 소금의 일반성분의 함량은 차이가 있었으나 중금속을 중심으로 한 안전성에서는 문제가 없었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제28권2호
• /
• pp.117-129
• /
• 2002

Concentration of welding fumes and their components is known to be hazardous to welder and adjacent worker. To determine the generation rates of metals in fumes, $CO_2$ flux cored arc welding on stainless steel was performed in well designed fume collection chamber. Variables were different products of flux cored wire(2 domestic products and 4 foreign products) and input energy(low-, optimal- , high input energy). Mass of welding fumes was determined by gravimetric method(NIOSH 0500 method), and 17 metals were analysed by inductively coupled plasm-atomic emission spectroscopy(NIOSH 7300 method). Flux cored wire tube and flux were analysed by scanning electron microscopy to determine their metal composition. 17 metals were classified by their generation rates. Generation rates of iron, manganese, potassium and sodium were all above 50mg/min at optimal input energy level. Generation rates of chromium and amorphous silica were 25~50mg/min. At 1~25mg/min level, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, and aluminum were included. Copper, zinc, calcium, lead, magnesium, lithium, and cobalt were generated below 1 mg/min. Generation rates of metal components in fumes were influenced by input energy, types of flux cored wire. Flux cored wire was consisted of outer shell tube and inner flux. Iron, chromium, and nickel were the major components of outer tube. Flux contained iron, chromium, nickel, potassium, sodium, silica, and manganese. The use of flux cored wire can increase the hazards by increasing the amounts of fumes formed relative to that of solid wire. The reason might be the direct transfer of elements from the flux, since the flux is fine power. Ratio of metals to the fume of flux cored wire was lower than that of solid wire because non-metal components of flux were transferred. Total metal content of fumes in flux cored arc welding was 47.4(24.3~57.2) percent that is much lower than that of solid wire, 75.9 percent. We found that generation rates of iron, manganese, chromium and nickel, all well known to cause work related disease to welder, increased more rapidly with increasing input energy than those of fumes. To reduce worker exposure to fumes and hazardous component at source, further research is needed to develop new welding filler materials that decrease both the amount of fumes and hazardous components.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제15권9호
• /
• pp.1273-1277
• /
• 2002

The effect of urea treatment on chemical composition of neem seed kernel cake (NSKC) was investigated by soaking the cake in 2.1% urea solution (1.2 l $kg^{-1}$ NSKC) for five days. The effect on utilisation of nutrients by replacing groundnut cake (GNC) (30%) with urea-treated neem seed kernel cake (UTNSKC) (33%) in a concentrate mixture fed to meet 70% of the protein requirements of lambs (8 males and 8 females), was monitored in a digestibility study. Following urea treatment of NSKC only 9.5% of urea was hydrolysed and the crude protein content of the cake was increased by 6.65%. The tannin content in depulped neem seeds was 37% catechin equivalent. Whereas feeding UTNSKC had no effect on intake of dry matter (72.5 vs 66.3 g/kg $BW^{0.75}day^{-1}$) and digestibility of crude fibre (41.3 vs 43.4%), the cake depressed (p<0.01) the percent digestibility of dry matter (63.7 vs 70.2), crude protein (63.2 vs 70.2), nitrogen free extract (73.8 vs 80.5) and gross energy (64.3 vs 69.1). Digestibility of ether extract (75.8 vs 70.9%) was higher (p<0.05) in animals offered UTNSKC. The nutritive value of the composite ration consumed by lambs offered UTNSKC was lower (p<0.01) in terms of total digestible nutrients (64.7 vs 70.2%) and digestible energy (2.8 vs 3.0 Kcal/g DM). Intake of digestible energy (199.8 vs 194.1 Kcal/kg $BW^{0.75}day^{-1}$) and retention of nitrogen (7.53 vs 8.23 g $day^{-1}$) and calcium (2.12 vs 1.84 g $day^{-1}$) were comparable on the 2 rations. Animals fed UTNSKC retained less (p<0.01) phosphorus (0.37 vs 1.05 g $day^{-1}$). The results indicate that urea treatment increased the protein level of NSKC whereas feeding the treated cake as a replacement of GNC, lowered the digestibility of nutrients and retention of phosphorus.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.579-587
• /
• 2013

A total of 288 crossbred (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) growing pigs were used in two experiments to investigate the effects of adding ${\beta}$-mannanase to corn-soybean meal-based diets on pig performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD). Both experiments lasted 28 d and were split into two phases namely 1 to 14 days (phase 1) and 15 to 28 days (phase 2). In Exp. 1,144 pigs weighing $23.60{\pm}1.59$ kg BW were assigned to one of four corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 0, 200, 400 or 600 U/kg ${\beta}$-mannanase. Increasing the level of ${\beta}$-mannanase increased weight gain (quadratic effect; p<0.01) and feed efficiency (linear and quadratic effect; p<0.01) during the second phase and the overall experiment. However, performance was unaffected (p>0.05) by treatment during phase 1. Increasing the amount of ${\beta}$-mannanase in the diet improved (linear and quadratic effect; p<0.05) the ATTD of CP, NDF, ADF, calcium, and phosphorus during both phases. Based on the results of Exp. 1, the optimal supplementation level was determined to be 400 U/kg and this was the level that was applied in Exp. 2. In Exp. 2, 144 pigs weighing $23.50{\pm}1.86$ kg BW were fed diets containing 0 or 400 U/kg of ${\beta}$-mannanase and 3,250 or 3,400 kcal/kg digestible energy (DE) in a $2{\times}2$ factorial design. ${\beta}$-Mannanase supplementation increased (p<0.01) weight gain and feed efficiency while the higher energy content increased (p<0.01) feed intake and feed efficiency during both phases and overall. Increased energy content and ${\beta}$-mannanase supplementation both increased (p<0.05) the ATTD of DM, CP, NDF, ADF, phosphorus, and GE during both phases. There were no significant interactions between energy level and ${\beta}$-mannanase for any performance or digestibility parameter. In conclusion, the ${\beta}$-mannanase used in the present experiment improved the performance of growing pigs fed diets based on corn and soybean. The mechanism through which the improvements were obtained appears to be related to improvements in ATTD.

• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.43-46
• /
• 2008

도로주변에 식재되어 있는 프라타너스(버즘나무)는 매년 늦겨울이나 이른 봄에 가지를 전정하는데, 이것은 대부분 땔감 등 활용가치가 적어 본 연구는 프라타너스의 전정가지를 톱밥으로 제조하여 느타리버섯의 새로운 배지재료로 활용가능성을 검토한 결과 배지재료별 균사생장량은 프라타너스톱밥+쌀겨(9 : 1)에서 30일간 배양할 때 12.8cm로 가장 많은 생장을 보였고, 프라타너스톱밥+쌀겨(6 : 4)를 제외한 기타배지들의 균사밀도는 높게 나타났다. 생육 전 후의 배지재료별 무기성분중에서 T-N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$함량은 모든 배지에서 생육 후 감소 하는 경향이었다. 자실체의 무기성분은 프라타너스톱밥+쌀겨(9 : 1)에서 T-N, $K_2O$, CaO, MgO함량은 다른 배지 보다 높았으나, $P_2O_5$함량은 미송톱밥+쌀겨(8:2)에서 0.92%로 가장 많은 함량을 보였다. 그리고 균사배양일은 배지재료에 따라 26~37일로 큰 차이를 보였고, 프라타너스톱밥+쌀겨(8:2)는 대조구인 미송톱밥+쌀겨(8:2)보다 유효경수, 대직경 및 대길이가 길어 병당(850cc) 88.6g으로 18%증수하였다.