• 공업화학
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.332-338
• /
• 1997

$NO_2$기체의 감지를 위한 sensor의 원료물질로 $SnO_2$를 사용하였으며 $SnCl_4$ 용액을 암모니아수로 침전시킨 후 공기중에 하소하여 $SnO_2$를 제조하였다. $SnO_2$의 특성을 XRD 및 IR로 연구하였으며 스크린-프린팅법으로 $SnO_2$후막소자를 제작하였다. 하소온도가 높을수록 $SnO_2$의 입자의 크기는 결정의 성장으로 증가하였다. $1000^{\circ}C$에서 하소된 $SnO_2$분말을 가지고 만든 소자를 $700^{\circ}C$에서 열처리하여 제작된 $SnO_2$소자는 동작온도 $250^{\circ}C$에서 $NO_2$기체에 대한 우수한 감지특성과 선택성을 나타내었다.

• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.135-139
• /
• 2006

We fabricated YBCO coated conductors (CCs) by TFA-MOD process and evaluated microstructure, texture formation, and critical temperature ($T_c$) and current ($I_c$). YBCO precursor solution was synthesized using metal-trifluoroacetates and dip coated on $LaAlO_3$(LAO) substrate. The phase formation and microstructure was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the degree of texture was evaluated by pole-figure analysis. The CC was heat-treated in various calcining temperatures ($370^{\circ}C-460^{\circ}C$) and firing temperatures ($750^{\circ}C-800^{\circ}C$). As fired at $775^{\circ}C$ for 4h, the CC had the highest $T_c$ of 89.5 K and $I_c$ of 40 A/cm-width ($J_c=2.0\;MA/cm^2$). Microstructural observation indicated that the YBCO film was dense and homogeneous and had a strong cube texture without formation of second phase and its in-plane full-width at half-maxima; $5.2^{\circ}$ under optimum condition.

• Progress in Superconductivity
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2008

We fabricated $YBa_2Cu_3O_{7-x}$(YBCO) films on (00l) $LaAlO_3$ substrates prepared by metal organic deposition(MOD) method using trifluoroacetate(TFA) solution. The films with various thicknesses were prepared by repeating the dip-coating and calcining processes. The effects of film thickness on phase formation, microstructures, and critical properties were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The microstructure and resultant critical current($I_C$) and critical current density($J_C$) varied remarkably with film thickness: The ($I_C$) value increased from 39 to 160 A/cm-width as the number of coatings increased from one to four, while the corresponding $J_C$ was measured to be in the range of $0.84-1.21\;MA/cm^2$. Both the $I_C$ and $J_C$ decreased when an additional coating was applied due to microstructural degradation, indicating that the optimum thickness is in the range of $1.1-1.8\;{\mu}m$. The possible cause for the decrease in the $I_C$ and $J_C$ value for film thicker than $1.8\;{\mu}m$ include non-uniform thickness, increased surface roughness, and the poor formability of the YBCO phase and texture arising from the insufficient heat treatment time with respect to the increased thickness.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.117-123
• /
• 1998

알루미나 기판위에 스핀코팅에 의해 $In_{2}O_{3}$ 박막을 형성하고 그 박막의 미세구조와 가스감지특성을 조사하였다. 코팅용액은 $In(OH)_{3}$ 수용액에 초산을 첨가하여 합성되었다. 이 용액에 바인더로써 암모니아 카르복실 셀루로오스를 섞어서 코팅용액으로 사용하였다. 이 용액을 $1{\sim}7$회 스핀코팅하고 $110^{\circ}C$에서의 건조와 $600^{\circ}C$에서의 열처리에 의해 두께 $71{\sim}210nm$의 $In_{2}O_{3}$ 박막을 얻을 수 있었다. 제조된 박막은 미세한 $In_{2}O_{3}$ 결정입자($23{\sim}27nm$)가 적층된 형태의 구조를 가지고 알루미나 기판의 결정입위에 균일하게 코팅되었다. 박막의 두께는 스핀코팅의 횟수에 선형적으로 증가하였다. 제조된 박막은 CO, $H_{2}$ 가스에 대해 높은 감도와 빠른 응답특성을 나타내었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제48권6호
• /
• pp.679-683
• /
• 2010

본 연구에서는 과산화수소수에 의한 페놀의 수산화 반응에서 사용한 TS-1 촉매를 효과적으로 재사용할 때, 소성 온도가 촉매의 특성에 미치는 영향에 대해서 연구하였다. TS-1 촉매를 5회 재생시켜 반복 사용하였는데, 매회 마다 $550^{\circ}C$ 및 $700^{\circ}C$에서 각각 소성하였다. Fresh한 촉매의 페놀 전환율은 22.9%이었는데, $550^{\circ}C$에서 소성한 촉매에서는 5회 재 생하였을 때 15.1%로 감소하였고, $700^{\circ}C$에서 소성한 촉매는 5회 재생하였을 때 18.8%로 감소하였다. 그리고 카테콜/하이드로퀴논의 생성비가 $550^{\circ}C$에서 5회 재생 후에는 1.45, $700^{\circ}C$에서 5회 재생 후에는 1.2가 되었다. 소성 온도에 따른 재생 전 후 촉매에 대한 XRD, UV-vis spectra, $N_2$ 흡착/탈착 시험, TGA 등과 같은 특성 분석 및 촉매 성능(페놀 전환율 및 생성물의 선택도)을 비교함으로써 촉매의 비활성화 원인을 예측하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제38권9호
• /
• pp.794-798
• /
• 2001

Sol-gel법에 의하여 $Y_{2-x}SiO_5:Ce_x^{3+}$ (x=0.002∼0.04) 형광체를 제조하고 발광특성을 평가하였다. 800$^{\circ}$C에서 하소하였을 때는 무정형의 결정상이 나타났지만 1000$^{\circ}$C 이상에서는 $X_2$ type의 $Y_2SiO_5$ 결정상을 얻었다. 230∼360nm에서 형광체 모체의 광흡수가 일어났으며 300∼400nm에서 Ce 첨가로 인한 형광체의 광흡수가 관찰되었다. 436nm에서 최대의 발광 spectrum을 나타내었으며 $Ce^{3+}$ 함량을 0.025mol 첨가 시 $Y_{2-x}SiO_5:Ce_x^{3+}$ 형광체는 최대의 cathodoluminescence 특성과 CIE1931색 좌표 상에서 x=0.161, y=0.124의 색을 나타내었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제14권8호
• /
• pp.663-669
• /
• 2001

Spinel LiM $n_2$ $O_4$ and LiM $n_{1.9}$M $g_{0.1}$ $O_4$ power was synthesized with solid-state method by calcining the mixture of LiOH.$H_2O$, Mn $O_2$ and MgO at 80$0^{\circ}C$ for 36 h in an air atmosphere. To investigate the effect of temperature on he cycle performance of cathode material during cycling, charge-discharge experiments and ac impedance measurement were performed. Initial discharge capacity was gradually increased with the increase of charge-discharge temperature. Discharge capacity at high temperature was suddenly decreased during cycling. On the other hand, discharge capacity at low temperature was almost constant during cycling. It confirmed that Mn dissolution is serious at high temperature than at low temperature. LiM $n_2$ $O_4$ and LiM $n_{1.9}$M $g_{0.1}$ $O_4$ showed the best capacity and stability at room temperature.ure.ure.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제39권7호
• /
• pp.628-634
• /
• 2002

수열합성법에 의한 정방정 BaTiO$_3$ 분말의 생성속도 및 유전특성에 대해서 연구하였다. 초미립 BaTiO$_3$분말의 합성을 위한 출발물질로는 Ba(OH)$_2$. 8$H_2O$, TiO$_2$(anatase)가 사용되었으며, 광화제로써 KOH가 사용되었다. 수열합성은 20$0^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 1~168시간동안 이루어 졌으며, 정방정상으로의 상전이를 관찰하기 위하여 1100~130$0^{\circ}C$의 온도로 하소처리 하였다. 최적의 조건(20$0^{\circ}C$에서 168시간동안 수열합성 된 분말을 120$0^{\circ}C$에서 3시간 하소한 분말)에서 얻어진 분말은 0.5~0.7$mu extrm{m}$ 정도의 분말이었으며, 유전특성 평가결과 고유전율 재료로써 적합함을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
• /
• 제23권10호
• /
• pp.543-549
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of a high-energy milling (HEM) process on the particle morphology and the correlation between a thermal treatment and tetragonal/monoclinic nanostructured zirconia powders obtained by a precipitation process. To eliminate chloride residue ions from hydrous zirconia, a modified washing method was used. It was found that the used washing method was effective in removing the chloride from the precipitated gel. In order to investigate the effect of a pre-milling process on the particle morphology of the precipitate, dried $Zr(OH)_4$ was milled using a HEM machine with distilled water. The particle size of the $Zr(OH)_4$ powder exposed to HEM reduced to 100~150 nm, whereas that of fresh $Zr(OH)_4$ powder without a pre-milling process had a large and irregular size of 100 nm~1.5 ${\mu}m$. Additionally, modified heat treatment process was proposed to achieve nano-sized zirconia having a pure monoclinic phase. It was evident that two-step calcining process was effective in perfectly eliminating the tetragonal phase, having a small average particle of ~100 nm with good uniformity compared to the sample calcined by a single-step process, showing a large average particle size of ~300 nm with an irregular particle shape and a broad particle size distribution. The modified method is considered to be a promising process for nano-sized zirconia having a fully monoclinic phase.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제27권2호
• /
• pp.109-122
• /
• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the removal characteristics of heavy metals and sulfate ion from acid mine drainage by porous zeolite-slag ceramics (ZS ceramics) that was prepared by adding wood flour as pore-foaming agent while calcining the mixtures of natural zeolite and converter slag. The batch test showed that the removal efficiency of heavy metals by pellet-type porous ZS ceramics increased as the particle size of wood flour was decreased and as the weight mixing ratio of wood flour to ZS ceramics was increased. The optimal particle size and weight mixing ratio of wood flour were measured to be $75{\mu}m$ and 7~10%, respectively. The removal test with the porous ZS ceramics prepared in these optimal condition showed very high removal efficiencies: more than 98.4% for all heavy metals and 73.9% for sulfate ion. Relative to nonporous ZS ceramics, the increment of removal efficiency of heavy metals by porous ZS ceramics with $75{\mu}m$ and 10% wood flour was 5.8%, 60.5%, 36.9%, 87.7%, 10.3%, and 57.4% for Al, Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn, respectively. The mechanism analysis of removal by the porous ZS ceramics suggested that the heavy metals and sulfate ion from acid mine drainage are eliminated by multiple reactions such as adsorption and/or ion exchange as well as precipitation and/or co-precipitation.