• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2009

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in host defense by sensing invading microbial pathogens. The stimulation of TLRs by microbial components triggers the activation of the myeloid differential factor 88 (MyD88)- and toll-interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter inducing interferon-$\beta$ (TRIF)-dependent downstream signaling pathways. TLR/MyD88 signaling pathway induces the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) and the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and IL-$1{\beta}$. On the other hand, TLR/TRIF signaling pathway induces the delayed-activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), and the expression of type I interferons (IFNs) and IFN-inducible genes. The divalent heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is clearly toxic to most mammalian organ systems, especially the immune system. Yet, the underlying toxic mechanism(s) remain unclear. Cd inhibits the MyD88-dependent pathway by ceasing the activity of inhibitor-${\kappa}B$ kinase. However, it is not known whether Cd inhibits the TRIF-dependent pathway. Presently, Cd inhibited NF-${\kappa}B$ and IRF3 activation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. Cd inhibited LPS-induced IRF3 phosphorylation and IFN-inducible genes such as interferon inducible protein-10 and regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). These results suggest that Cd can modulate TRIF-dependent signaling pathways of TLRs.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.103-106
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• 1981

전보(前報)에서 분획(分劃)한 카드뮴내성(耐性) S. aureus의 각(各) 획분중(劃分中)에 함유(含有)된 카드뮴을 원자흡광법(原子吸光法)으로 분석(分析)하여 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1. 균체(菌體) g 당(當) $690.9{\mu}g$의 카드뮴이 함유(含有)되었다. 2. 동(同) 카드뮴 중 39.9%에 상당(相當)하는 량(量)은 TCA로 용이(容易)하게 추출(抽出)되었으나 52.2%의 카드뮴은 TCA 추출(抽出) 후(後) Ethanol-Ether, Perchloric acid, Ammonia수(水)로 순차적(順次的)으로 추출(抽出)하여 추출(抽出)되지 아니하고 잔사중(殘渣中)에 잔유(殘有)하였다. 3. 균체부위별(菌體部位別)로는 원형질획분(原形質劃分)에 26.8%, 원형질막획분(原形質膜劃分)에 59.1%, 세포벽획분(細胞壁劃分)에 14.1%가 함유(含有)되었고, 4. 세포벽(細胞壁에) 함유(含有)된 카드뮴 중 90% 이상(以上)이 Lipopolyeaccharide 획분(劃分)에서 검출(檢出)되었다.