• 한국초지조사료학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.159-165
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 충남 천안 국립축산과학원 식용벼 재배지에서 2012년부터 2013년까지 정상적으로 벼 재배가 이루어지고 수확이 완료된 볏짚을 이용하여 수행하였다. 젖산균 접종 유무에 따라 볏짚사일리지의 사료가치 변화는 나타나지 않았으나 클로렐라 처리구는 대조구에 비해 현저하게 조단백질 함량이 증가하였다(p<0.05). 그리고 클로렐라 농도의 증가에 따라 조단백질 함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다 (p<0.05). 모든 처리구에서 섬유소와 TDN 함량 및 in vitro 소화율은 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 그리고 젖산균 접종 유무에 따라 볏짚사일리지의 pH 및 유기산 함량 변화는 나타나지 않았으며 클로렐라 처리구도 무처리구에 비해 pH 변화는 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 클로렐라 처리구에서 젖산함량은 무처리구에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였으며 클로렐라 농도의 증가에 따라 젖산함량이 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 젖산균 단독접종구의 젖산균 수는 무처리구에 비해 현저하게 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 클로렐라 농도의 증가에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 그러나 효모와 곰팡이 수는 비슷한 수준을 나타냈다. 그러므로 볏짚사일리지의 사료가치와 품질은 클로렐라 첨가에 의해서 향상될 수 있다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.515-521
• /
• 2013

In this study, we examined the effects of organic types of calcium derived from oyster shell (OS-Ca) and nano-calcium (Nano-Ca) on the bio-availability and physiological responses associated with bone health in ovariectomised rats. Increased body weight, which is one of the physiological effects of ovary removal, was significantly recovered by Nano-Ca treatment (p<0.05). The reduced calcium level in the liver in ovariectomised rat was increased significantly with OS-Ca and Nano-Ca treatment (p<0.05), suggesting improved calcium bio-availability. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin, and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were analysed as biochemical markers of bone metabolism and health in the presence or absence of OSCa and Nano-Ca. ALP, osteocalcin, and DPD levels increased following ovary removal and tended to decrease after treatment with Nano-Ca, indicating that Nano-Ca induces favourable bone metabolism. This result was reflected in the recovery of bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the femur after Nano-Ca treatment following ovary removal. Taken together, our data show that the tested calcium treatments, especially using Nano-Ca, enhanced the bioavailability or absorption of calcium and positively affected bone metabolism in ovariectomised rats.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제48권5호
• /
• pp.496-501
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 농축 블루베리주스를 제조 시 구연산(CA) 또는 산성메타인산나트륨(ASM)을 산미료로써 이용하여 열처리과정에서 블루베리의 폴리페놀과 안토사이아닌과 같은 기능성 성분농도와 산화방지활성, elastase 억제활성 및 tyrosinase 억제활성 등의 저하를 최소화시키는데 있다. 열처리한 농축 블루베리주스의 색가는 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군이 54.672로 가장 높았고, 1% CA 처리군이 33.034, 대조군이 22.083의 순으로 나타났다. 총 안토사이아닌 함량에서도 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군이 65.747 mg/100 g, 1% CA 처리군, 대조군 순으로 각각 46.022, 30.864 mg/100 g으로 나타났다. 산화방지활성으로써 DPPH radical 소거능의 경우 대조군은 67.983%, 1% CA 처리군은 75.486%, 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군은 87.338%로 나타났다. Elastase 억제활성에서는 대조군, 1% CA, 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군의 결과 값은 각각 26.063, 26.336, 28.285%로 나타났다. Tyrosinase 억제활성에서는 대조군 26.375%, 1% CA 처리군 67.598%, 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군은 77.891% 순으로 높게 나타났다. 모든 분석 치에서 대조군과 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군 간에는 5% 내에서 유의성 차이가 있었다. 본 결과를 통해 ASM처리가 열처리과정에서 기능성성분과 생리활성의 저하를 억제하여주는 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났으며 새로운 산미료로서 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.57-63
• /
• 2004

Fluoxetine, a widely used anti-depressant compound, has several additional effects, including blockade of voltage-gated ion channels. We examined whether fluoxetine affects ATP-induced calcium signaling in PC12 cells by using fura-2-based digital calcium imaging and assay for $[^3H]-inositol$ phosphates (IPs). Treatment with ATP $(100\;{\mu}M)$ for 2 min induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increases. The ATP-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increases were significantly decreased by removal of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and treatment with the inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum $Ca^{2+}$ ATPase thapsigargin $(1\;{\mu}M)$. Treatment with fluoxetine for 5 min blocked the ATP-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase concentration-dependently. Treatment with fluoxetine $(30\;{\mu}M)$ for 5 min blocked the ATP-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase following removal of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and depletion of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ stores. While treatment with the L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel antagonist nimodipine for 10 min inhibited the ATP-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increases significantly, treatment with fluoxetine alone blocked the ATP-induced responses. Treatment with fluoxetine also inhibited the 50 mM $K^+-induced$ $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increases completely. However, treatment with fluoxetine did not inhibit the ATP-induced $[^3H]-IPs$ formation. Collectively, we conclude that fluoxetine inhibits ATP-indueed $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increases in PC12 cells by inhibiting both an influx of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ and a release of $Ca^{2+}$ from intracellular stores without affecting IPs formation.

• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제9권3호
• /
• pp.327-333
• /
• 1999

Ion implantation, photo-lithography, Ar ion milling, hot press를 이용한 micro-fabrication 방법으로 고순도 단결정 알루미나 표면에 Ca를 제한된 양으로 첨가하고, 내부에 여러 가지 형태의 기공을 갖는 bi-crystal을 만들었다. 이 bi-crystal 고순도 알루미나에 미치는 Ca의 영향을 평가하기 위하여 내부 기공의 형태 변화와 결정의 성장을 열처리에 따라 광학현미경으로 관찰하였다. 열처리에 따라 inner crack-like pore의 내부표면에 dot와 육각형의 형태를 갖는 결정 입자가 생성되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. $1,500^{\circ}C$로 열처리한 경우에 CaO . $6Al_2O_3$로 생각되는 bar 형태의 결정이 표면에 석출되는 것이 관찰되었으며, 이 결정이 $1,600^{\circ}C$에서 열처리하면 사라지는 것으로 보아 이 온도 부근에서 알루미나에 대한 Ca의 solubility limit 또는 diffusion rate가 변화하는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제45권10호
• /
• pp.1518-1524
• /
• 2016

본 연구는 농축 딸기 퓌레를 제조 시 구연산(CA) 또는 산성 메타인산나트륨(ASM)을 산미료로 이용하여 열처리 과정에서 농축 딸기 퓌레의 폴리페놀과 안토시아닌과 같은 기능성 성분 농도와 항산화 활성의 저하를 최소화시키는 데 있다. 열처리한 농축 딸기 퓌레의 색가는 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군이 13.027로 가장 높았고, 1% CA 처리군이 9.539, 대조군이 6.905의 순으로 나타났다. 총안토시아닌 함량에서도 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군이 3.049 mg/100 g, 1% CA 처리군, 대조군 순으로 각각 1.140 mg/100 g, 0.757 mg/100 g으로 나타났다. 항산화 활성으로써 DPPH 라디칼 소거능의 경우 대조군은 58.148%, 1% CA 처리군은 72.638%, 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군은 83.763%로 나타났다. 모든 분석치에서 대조군과 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군 간에는 5% 내에서 유의성 차이가 있었다. 기호도 검사 결과 전체적인 기호도에서는 1% CA 처리군이 가장 높았고 1% CA+1% ASM 처리군, 대조군 순이었으나 세 처리군 간에 5% 내에서 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 결과를 통해 ASM 처리가 열처리 과정에서 기능성 성분과 생리활성의 저하를 억제해 주는 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났으며 새로운 산미료로서 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2010

Phenolic compounds affect intracellular free $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$) signaling. The study examined whether the simple phenolic compound octyl gallate affects ATP-induced $Ca^{2+}$ signaling in PC12 cells using fura-2-based digital $Ca^{2+}$ imaging and whole-cell patch clamping. Treatment with ATP ($100\;{\mu}M$) for 90 s induced increases in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ in PC12 cells. Pretreatment with octyl gallate (100 nM to $20\;{\mu}M$) for 10 min inhibited the ATP-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ response in a concentration-dependent manner ($IC_{50}=2.84\;{\mu}M$). Treatment with octyl gallate ($3\;{\mu}M$) for 10 min significantly inhibited the ATP-induced response following the removal of extracellular $Ca^{2+}$ with nominally $Ca^{2+}$-free HEPES HBSS or depletion of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ stores with thapsigargin ($1\;{\mu}M$). Treatment for 10 min with the L-type $Ca^{2+}$ channel antagonist nimodipine ($1\;{\mu}M$) significantly inhibited the ATP-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase, and treatment with octyl gallate further inhibited the ATP-induced response. Treatment with octyl gallate significantly inhibited the $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase induced by 50 mM KCI. Pretreatment with protein kinase C inhibitors staurosporin (100 nM) and GF109203X (300 nM), or the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein ($50\;{\mu}M$) did not significantly affect the inhibitory effects of octyl gallate on the ATP-induced response. Treatment with octyl gallate markedly inhibited the ATP-induced currents. Therefore, we conclude that octyl gallate inhibits ATP-induced $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ increase in PC12 cells by inhibiting both non-selective P2X receptor-mediated influx of $Ca^{2+}$ from extracellular space and P2Y receptor-induced release of $Ca^{2+}$ from intracellular stores in protein kinase-independent manner. In addition, octyl gallate inhibits the ATP-induced $Ca^{2+}$ responses by inhibiting the secondary activation of voltage-gated $Ca^{2+}$ channels.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제14권5호
• /
• pp.457-461
• /
• 2007

영주산 '후지' 사과의 전처리 및 포장방법별 저장기간 동안 품질변호를 알아보기 위하여 사과를 5% $CaCl_2$ 용액에 15분 동안 침지한 후 완전히 건조시켜 $25\;{\mu}m$ 두께의 LDPE 필름으로 박스단위로 포장하여 $0^{\circ}C$의 농협 현지저온저장고에서 21주간 중량감소율, 경도, 적정산도, 가용성 고형분함량, 비타민 C함량, 부패율 조사하였다. 중량감모율, 경도변화, Vitamin C 변화, 부패율 등에서 칼슘처리과 필름포장을 병행한 처리구(Ca-MA)가 다른 처리구에 비해 저장 중 품질변화가 가정 적은 것으로 나타나 영주산 '후지' 사과 저장시 선도유지에 효과적인 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.298-308
• /
• 1995

To investigate the effect of estrogen and dietary protein level on Ca metabolism, female rats were undergone ovariectomy or sham-operation. Ovariectomized rate were divided into either estrogen-or vehicle-treated groups. Each treatment group was again divided into 40%-casein(H) or 10%-casein(L) diet groups. All experimental diets contained 0.2% Ca, 0.4% P and fed to rats for 8 weeks. Apparant Ca absorption and Ca balance were not affected by dietary protein level and ovariectomy, however they were increased by estrogen injection and this effect was even higher in low protein groups. Urinary Ca excretion were higher in high protein groups. GFR was not affected by dietary protein level, ovariectomy, or by estrogen injection. Urinary protein excretion was higher in high protein groups, which implies that the kidney funtion was deteriorated by high protein diet, and this may account partly for the higher urinary Ca in high protein groups. Ovariectomy or estrogen treatment had no effect on urinary protein excretion. Urinary hydroxyproline was higher in ovariectomized rats and increased in high protein grous. Elevated value of ovarictomized rats was lowered by estrogen injection, especially in low protein group. Alkaline phosphatase tended to increase in ovariectomized groups and lowered with estrogen treatment, but this difference was not statistically significant. Serum PTH was not affected by ovariectomy and dietary protein level. Therefore the increased hydroxproline excretion does not seem to be attributed to PTH. Dietary protein level, ovariectomy and estrogen treatment did not affect the weights and components of femur, scapular, and 4th vertebra. Ash/wt ratio of femur was, however, lower in ovariectomized rats and increased with estrogen treatment. Therefore, among the bones studied, femur seemed to be the most vulnerable. The results of this study shows that estrogen treatment may alleviate or reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women somewhat, especially for those people with low protein diet.

• 생약학회지
• /
• 제46권2호
• /
• pp.109-115
• /
• 2015

This study was investigated the radical scavenging effect and the protective activity of caffeic acid (CA) against oxidative stress. CA showed strong 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical ( OH) scavenging activity, showing 42.00% and 87.22% at 5 μM concentration of DPPH and ·OH scavenging activity, respectively. Furthermore, we studied protective activity of CA from amyloid beta (A${\beta}$_25-35) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced neuronal cell damage and neuronal inflammation using C6 glial cells. The treatment of A${\beta}$_25-35 to C6 glial cell showed declines in cell viability and high generation levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the treatment of CA increased cell viability. The treatment of 5 ${{\mu}M}$ CA led to the elevation of cell viability from 59.28% to 81.22%. In addition, the production of ROS decreased cellular levels of ROS by the treatment of CA. The treatment of LPS to C6 glial cells increased significant elevation of nitric oxide (NO) production, while CA decreased NO production significantly. The production of NO increased by the treatment of LPS to 131.08%, while CA at the concentration of 1 ${{\mu}M}$ declined the NO production to 104.86%. The present study indicated thatCA attenuated A${\beta}$_25-35-induced neuronal oxidative stress and inflammation by LPS, suggesting as a promising agent for the neurodegenerative diseases.