• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2004

Bacterial pathogens were isolated from 36 dogs with respiratory signs, that were submitted to Veterinary Clinics in Jeju, including Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in Cheju National University. Of 36 isolates, 16 (44.4%) bacterial pathogens were Gram-positive and 20 (55.6%) were Gram-negative. Gram-positive bacteria identified with API Staph were 12 S. intermedius (33.3%), 2 S. aureus (5.6%), 1 S. haemolyticum (2.8%), and 1 S. xylosus (2.8%). Gram-negative organisms identified with API 20E or API NE included 8 Bordetella bronchiseptica (22.2%), 6 Escherichia coli (16.7%), 4 Pasteurella spp. (11.1%), 1 Enterobacter intermedius (2.8%), and 1 Oligella ureolytica (2.8%). Both Staphylococcus spp. isolates and Gram-negative pathogens were resistant to one or more antibiotics, including ampicillin (AM), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), chloramphenicol (C), cefazolin (CZ), erythromycin (E), gentamicin (GM), kanamycin (K), lincomycin (L), oxacillin (OX), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), and tetracycline (TE). All Staphylococcus spp. were susceptible to AMC, OX and VA, while many isolates were highly resistant to L (87.5%), E (68.8%), P (62.5%), and AM (56.3%). Antibiotic-resistant patterns of staphylococcal isolates were shown ranges from single to 9-resistant patterns. Resistant rates to antibiotics of Gram-negative bacteria were usually higher than those of Staphylococcus spp. in this study. Most Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to L (90.0%), AM (85.0%), E (85.0%), P (85.0%), OX (80.0%), and CZ (75.0%). B. bronchiseptica isolates showed 5 to 8 antibiotics-resistant patterns and Pasteurella spp., 2 to 8-resistant patterns. In particular, all 6 E. coli isolates were resistant to more than 9 different kinds of antibiotics, including one strain resistant to all antibiotics tested.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1026-1030
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• 2009

Western wedding ceremony is generalized and it has been focused on bride's wedding dress and jewelry design as coming in western culture in Korea. Especially, metal design has developed a lot as enlarging the scale of jewelry market but study of gem cutting design is insufficient really. To meet demands of consumers of the 21th century we try fancy not standardizing style gems by using new faceting technique to maximize brilliance as wedding jewelry. In this thesis, we use popular and moderate priced synthetic cubic zirconia(CZ) which is able to alternate expensive diamond and natural gems to make easy approach of consumer as main gem material of wedding jewelry. And we develop various gem cutting design that is used synthetic cubic zirconia(CZ). We will contribute to development of new wedding jewelry design proposing various gems cutting style fitted for gem setting technique of wedding jewelry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.62-66
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• 2002

The conventional floating zone(FZ) crystal and Czochralski(CZ) silicon crystal have resistivity variations longitudinally as well as radially The resistivity variations of the conventional FZ and CZ crystal are not conformed to requirement of dopant distribution for power devices and thyristors. These resistivity variations in conventional cystals limits the reverse breakdown voltage that could be achieved and forced designers of high power diodes and thyristors to compromise the desired current-voltage characteristics. So to produce high Power diodes and thyristors, Neutron Transmutation Doping(NTD) technique is the one method just because NTD silicon provides very homogeneous distribution of doping concentration. This procedure involves the nuclear transmutation of silicon to phosphorus by bombardment of neutron to the crystal according to the reaction $^{30}$ Si(n,${\gamma}$)longrightarrow$^{31}$ Silongrightarrow(2.6 hr)$^{31}$ P+$\beta$$^{[-10]}$ . The radioactive isotope $^{31}$ Si is formed by $^{31}$ Si capturing a neutron, which then decays into the stable $^{31}$ P isotope (i.e., the donor atom), whose distribution is not dependent on the crystal growth parameters. In this research, neutron was irradiated on FZ silicon wafers which had high resistivity(1000~2000 Ω cm), for 26 and 8.3hours for samples of HTS-1 and HTS-2, and 13, 3.2, 2.0 hours for samples of IP-1, IP-2 and IP-3, respectively, to compare resistivity changes due to time differences. The designed resistivities were approached, which were 2.l Ωcm for HTS-1, 7.21 Ω cm for HTS-2, 1.792cm for IP-1, 6.83 Ωcm for IP-2, 9.23 Ωcm for IP-3, respectively. Point defects were investigated with Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy(DLTS). Four different defects were observed at 80K, 125K, 230K, and above 300K.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.40-48
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• 2004

Objective:Event-related potentials(ERPs) are electrical changes recorded at the surface of the scalp in response to stimulus presentation, and their latency and amplitude change according to cognitive processes. Through past studies of the auditory ERP in schizophrenia, the P300 has been reported to be statistically smaller and delayed in schizophrenia than comparison groups. However, studies of the visual ERP have not been systematically examined. The present study was designed to investigate the visual P300 in patients with schizophrenia and normal controls and to compare the pattern of P300 between them. Methods:The subjects were composed of patients(N=22) with schizophrenia by DSM-IV and normal controls(N=22). The visual ERPs were measured by the visual continuous performance test. P300 amplitude and latency measured on 5 scalp electrodes(Fz, Cz, Pz, $T_7$, $T_8$) were compared between patients and controls. Results:The P300 latencies measured on Fz, Cz, Pz, and $T_7$ electrodes were significantly longer in patients than controls(p<0.05). The P300 amplitudes in patients were smaller than controls. However, the difference between them was not statistically significant. Conclusion:Analysis of the visual ERPs showed that the P300 latency is significantly delayed and the P300 amplitude is slightly smaller in patients than controls. These results are similar to established studies of the auditory P300 in schizophrenia.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2001

The effect of high energy B ion implantation and initial oxygen concentration upon defect formation and gettering of metallic impurities in Czochralski silicon wafer has been studied by applying DLTS( Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy), SIMS(Secondary ton Mass Spectroscopy), BMD (Bulk Micro-Defect) analysis and TEM(Transmission Electron Microscopy). DLTS results show the signal of the deep levels not only in as-implanted samples but also in low and high temperature annealed samples. Vacancy-related deep levels in as- implanted samples were changed to metallic impurities-related deep levels with increase of annealing temperature. In the case of high temperature anneal, by showing the lower deep level concentration with increase of initial oxygen concentration, high initial oxygen concentration seems to be more effective compared with the lower initial oxygen one.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.65-71
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• 2009

Purpose: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a useful method for modulating the brain activity. This study compared the effect of continuous and interrupted tDCS using the change in the movement related cortical potential. Methods: Thirty healthy participants (male: 18 and female: 12) were assigned randomly to three groups; sham tDCS, continuous tDCS, which the current continuously flowed for 10 minutes, and interrupted tDCS, which the interrupted current flowed for 10 minutes (repetition: 4sec stimulation and 5sec rest) at an intensity of 1mA with anodal polarity. The effect of tDCS on the right primary motor area was measured from the movement related cortical potential (MRCP) before and after the experiment. MRCP consisted of the bereitshaftspotential (BP) and negative slope potential (NS) at Cz and C4. Results: Continuous and interrupted tDCS showed a significant difference in the changes in the BP, NS at Cz and C4 compared to the sham tDCS. However, there was no significant difference between the continuous tDCS and interrupted tDCS. Conclusion: The change in cortical activity by continuous and interrupted tDCS results from an improvement in the MRCP. An interrupted tDCS may be a safe and useful modality for stimulating the cortical region.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the frequency band pass filter on the P300 event-related potential in the working memory. Methods : The subjects were 20 women in their 20s who applied for participation in the experiment. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were elicited using 3-back tasks for the working memory, and were recorded from Fz, Cz, and Pz scalp electrodes. The high-pass filters were set to 0.01, 0.1, and 0.3 Hz for analysis purposes, and the low-pass filters were set to 30 and 15 Hz. The 3-back task was presented for a total of 100 times, among which 30 times were designated for the target stimulation (a matched number) and 70 times for the non-target stimulation (an unmatched number). The temporal interval between each stimulation was set at 1 second, while each time duration was randomly presented between 2 to 4 seconds. ERP were analyzed for the P300 recorded from Fz, Pz and Cz scalp electrodes. Results : Latency and amplitude had no significant interaction effects in both the high- and low-pass filters. For the main effects, the latency and amplitude of the P300 event-related potential had no significant difference in the high-pass filters, but the latency had a significant difference in the low-pass filter of Fz, and the amplitude had a significant difference in the low-pass filter of Pz. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that the less than 0.3 Hz high filters had no effects on the differences between the latency and amplitude of the P300 event-related potential in the working memory. The 30Hz low-pass filter, however, was found to be useful for recording the P300 event-related potential in the working memory.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 1986

Forty clinical isolates of Serratia marcescens were tested for their susceptibility to 19 antimicrobial drugs and studied on the molecular characteristics of R plasmids. Cefotaxime (Ct) was the most effective drug and only 2 (5%) strains were resistant to this drug. Thirteen to 18% of strains were resistant to cefoperazone (Cz), amikacin (Ak). and trimethoprim (Tp), and 28 to 40% were resistant to piperacillin (Pi), nalidixic acid (Na), gentamicin (Gm), and cefoxitin (Cx). A majority of strains were resistant to carbenicillin (Cb), tobramycin (Tp), kanamycin (Km), and cefamandole (Cd), and all to cephalothin. One half of the isolates were resistant to 10 or more drugs. $MIC_{90}$ of Pi to Gm-resistant strains (Gm') were 8 times higher than that to Gm-susceptible strains (Gm'), but $MIC_{90}$ of Ak, Cx, Ct, and Cz were almost the same between both Gm' and Gm' strains. Nine (23.7%) strains among 38 of multiply drug-resistant S. marcescens transferred conjugally their partial patterns of resistance to E. coli or Klebsiella strains, and two S. marcescens strains producing bacteriocin transferred their resistance to Klebsiella only, but not to E. coli. The plasmid profiles of S. marcescens were studied by the methods of SDS lysis and agarose gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four (60%) strains carried one to four plasmids of 1.4. to 144 Mdal, and conjugative R plasmids of 49 to 127 Mdal were noted in transconjugants. MIC levels of drugs in transconjugants were variable by the R plasmids and recipient strains.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.234-239
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to use P300 latency to determine whether methods of motor learning in terms of massed and distributed practice can affect motor sequential learning in healthy adults. Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects participated in this study. They were randomly allocated into three groups: a 10 minute, a 12 hour, and a 24 hour group. In the SRT task, eight numbers were adopted as auditory stimuli. During an experiment, participants were instructed to press the matching key as quickly and accurately as possible when one of the eight numbers was presented randomly. The subjects practiced for three sessions, each of which comprised five blocks of 40 serial reaction time tasks. While they practiced during these three sessions, P300 latency was measured. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA. Results: The P300 latency of Fz, Cz, and Pz decreased in all groups except for the Fz area of the 10 min group. Overall, the P300 latency of the 10 min group showed a smaller decrease compared with the 12 hr and 24 hr groups. Statistically, no significant differences in the Fz and Cz areas were observed among the three groups. The P300 latency in the Pz area of the 10 min group showed a significantly smaller decrease compared with the other groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that short-term sequential motor training can alter brain functions such as the P300 latency. We also found that better acquisition of a motor skill was obtained with distributed practice of a task than with massed practice.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.301-308
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• 2002

This research was performed to analyze quantitatively how spiritual stress affects some ERPs on human through sight stimulus after the settlement of visual and auditory integration environment in three dimension space. We measured ERPs in the normal state and spiritual stress sessions separately. The subjects were 10 normal men and women and vital signs was recorded from Fpl, Fz, Cz, Pz, O1, O2's scalps. The experiment was done in isolated room where electro-magnetic effect do not affect. The result showed that P300's amplitude was a little higher under stress session and latent period in this resulted in longer time. We recorded through voltage variation the activity of brain which is in charge of human's perception. cognition, process of action and evaluated the effect of spiritual stress. We expected that the result of this research can be used to evaluate the malfunction of brain.