• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.38 no.8 s.157
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• pp.631-643
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to perform hydraulic and numerical model experiments of the flows in circulation-water-pump(CWP) chambers of combined cycle power plants (CCPP) to be built and to suggest improvement plans if the flows might cause a serious problem on the operation of CWPs. Hydraulic model was constructed in a scale of 1 to 20 using acrylic sheets and a two dimensional numerical model used was RMA2. To evaluate results of Hydraulic and numerical model experiments, evaluation criteria of flow conditions in the intake canal and CWP chambers were determined. Vertical vorticities obtained from numerical simulations for the initial plan of CCPPs were qualitatively compared with results of hydraulic model experiments and the formation possibility of a large scale vortex, one of the flow evaluation criteria, was evaluated. The initial plan was found not to satisfy the flow evaluation. Nine improvement plans were devised and numerically simulated. Four alternative plans among nine improvement plans were selected and hydraulically experimented. On the ground of the results of hydraulic model experiments, a final improvement plan, one of four improvement plants, was suggested. When CWP chambers and intake canals were designed with spatial constraints, flow separating wall and guide walls were found to improve flow conditions in CWP chambers.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.69-75
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• 2009

The objective of this study is to investigate the suitable design for a domestic Circulating water pump(CWP), which is used in cooling-water intakes for the unit 3 and 4 of Yeonggwang nuclear power plant. All the simulations are performed, using CFD method with a commercial code STAR-CCM+ version 3.02. After modeling a present design of the pump, the flow around the rotating blade was calculated by using quasi-static method and sliding mesh method with the almost same condition as an actual state. Based on fundamental simulations with various depth of sea water, the reference pressure for the boundary condition of the present study was decided. To verify the reliability of the calculation results, the suction flow rate of the data was compared with that of the experimental data. As a result of this comparison, it is confirmed that two results are fairly consistent. For the improvement of the suction flow rate, computational analysis was done by changing a flow channel and blade shapes. It is shown that the suction flow rate of the new pump was improved.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.109-119
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• 1989

We measured fasting serum angiotensin -converting enzyme (SACE) in 100 healthy controls and 75 coal worker's pneumoconiosis (CWP) patients by a commercial kits($ACEcolor^{(R)}$, Fujirio Inc., Japan) and evaluated this manual method. The linear range extends to an activity of 80U/L. Precision on a commercial control serum (ACE control-$N^{(R)}$, Sigma Co.)with a mean value, of 9.47U/L yielded a within-run and between-run CVs are 5.6% (N=15) and 6.9% (N=14) respectively. SAVE in 75 CWP was $20.3{\pm}5.7U/L$ ($mean{\pm}s.d.$) ; higher than in healthy controls ($13.4{\pm}3.9U/L$, P<0.01). No correlation was found between SACE, sex, and age. The results suggest that the measurement of SACE and follow-up SACE in coal workers may be a useful diagnostic fools for CWP.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.757-764
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• 2014

In this study, the effect of shape parameters on the J-R curves of curved CT specimens was evaluated using the limit load method. Fracture toughness tests considering the shape factors L/W and $R_m/t$ of the specimens were also performed. Thereafter, the J-R curves of the curved CT specimens were compared using the J-integral equation proposed in the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) and limit load solution. The J-R curves of the curved CT specimens were also compared with those of the CWP (curved wide plate), which is regarded to be similar to real pipe and standard specimens. Finally, the effectiveness of the J-R curve of each curved CT specimen was evaluated. The results of this study can be used for assessing the applicability of curved CT specimens in the accurate evaluation of the fracture toughness of real pipes.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.712-718
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• 2004

This study was carried out to separate the calcium-binding protein derived from enzymatic hydrolysates of cheese whey protein. CWPs (cheese whey protein) heated for 10 min at $100^{\circ}C$ were hydrolyzed by trypsin, papain W-40, protease S, neutrase 1.5 and pepsin, and then properties of hydrolysates, separation of calcium-binding protein and analysis of calcium-binding ability were investigated. The DH (degree of hydrolysis) and NPN (non protein nitrogen) of heated-CWP hydrolysates by commercial enzymes were higher in trypsin than those of other commercial enzymes. In the result of SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis), $\beta$-LG and $\alpha$-LA in trypsin hydrolysates were almost eliminated and the molecular weight of peptides derived from trypsin hydrolysates were smaller than 7 kDa. In the RP-HPLC (reverse phase HPLC) analysis, $\alpha$-LA was mostly eliminated, but $\beta$-LG was not affected by heat treatment and the RP-HPLC patterns of trypsin hydrolysates were similar to those of SDS-PAGE. In ion exchange chromatography, trypsin hydrolysates were shown to peak from 0.25 M NaCl and 0.5 M NaCl, and calcium-binding ability is associated with the large peak, which was eluted at a 0.25 M NaCl gradient concentration. Based on the results of this experiment, heated-CWP hydrolysates by trypsin were shown to have calcium-binding ability.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.615-623
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• 2001

Background : Pneumoconiosis is a parenchymal lung disease that results from the accumulation of coal dust in the lungs and the consequent tissue reaction. To evaluate the role of various personal factors in pneumoconiosis and the significance of some serologic markers for assessing the disease activity related to pneumoconiosis, the Rheumatoid Factor(RF), ${\alpha}_1$-AT, C-Reactive Protein(CRP), ceruloplasmin and fibrinogen levels were measured. Method : All the patients were males, 45-76 years old, and the mean duration of coal dust exposure was 23.2 years. 51 patients were classified as having Simple Pneumoconiosis (SP), 59 had Progressive Massive Fibrosis (PMF). Fifty eight men with ages ranging from 26-70 years were used as normal controls. The serum RF and CRP were titrated using an Autochemistry analyzer (HITACHI 7150 : Japan) and the ${\alpha}_1$-AT and ceruloplasmin levels were measured using a Nephelometer (Behring Nephelometer : Germany) and the fibrinogen levels were estimated by using an Autoanalyzer for hematologic coagulation. Result : There was a higher RF level in the SP, and PMF groups than in the control groups but there was no statistical difference. The CRP, ${\alpha}_1$-AT, and ceruloplasmin levels were also higher in the SP, and PMF groups. However, the fibrinogen concentration was within the normal ranges in both the SP and PMF groups. Conclusion : The CWP (Ed note : Define CWP) patients had significantly higher CRP, ${\alpha}_1$-AT, and ceruloplasmin levels compared to the control group. It is believed that these serologic changes could be used as a marker of the disease activity.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.1191-1192
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• 2015

To assess the deterioration condition of stator insulation, diagnostic and overpotential tests were performed on two high voltage(HV) motors for circulating water pump (CWP). Following the long term rewinding program, the diagnostic test was performed on two motors during the planning maintenance period. After completing the diagnostic test, overpotential test was done on the stator windings of HV motors. During the overpotential test, the No. 1 and No. 2 of HV motors failed at 8.8 kV and 7.9 kV, respectively. Stator windings of two HV motors had deteriorated significantly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.465-472
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• 1999

Hydraulic model tests are performed to find economical and hdrqulically stable design of cooling water intake channel of steam power plant. The result of tests show that the standard distributiion of y-components in the chamber of CWP(circulating Water Pump) are recommended below 3.5 to maintain hydraulic stability, so that this value is considered as the design criteria. Common basin is necessary to improve the hydraulic stability of inflow, however the longer basin does not always improve the hydraulic stability , and the optimal length of basin can be found in some range. From the results the flow stability maintained the best condition when the length of basin is 7.2m. Beside the standard tests the auxiliary tests like edge , baffle, trapezoidal section and increase of pump capacity are carried out based on the optimal condition foudn in the standard tests. From the series of tests the economical and hydraulically stable design of intake channel was proposed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.241-250
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• 2002

Background : Coal-worker's pneumoconiosis(CWP) is characterized by a chronic inflammatory lung reaction associated with macrophage accumulation in the alveolar spaces. CWP is usually divided into two stage : simple pneumoconiosis(SP) where there are a limited number of fibrotic lesions remain limited, with radiological opacities smaller than 1cm and progressive massive fibrosis(PMF), which is characterized by the development of a perifocal extensive fibrotic response of the lung and severe alterations in pulmonary function. In this study, the lymphocyte compartment and cytokine were evaluated by measuring the serum levels in the control, SP and PMF groups. Materials and Methods : The coal workers selected for this study were employees(patients?) of the Tae-Baek and Dong-Hae hospital. All were men, 45-76 years old and the mean duration of their exposure to coal dust was 23.2 years in the lymphocyte compartment and 24.3 years in the cytokine checked group. According to X-ray examination results, the patients were classified into either one of the SP, PMF categories. The normal controls examined were 26-70 years old men. The serum cytokine levels were estimated by using an end point enzyme immunoassay technique. Results : T lymphocyte, helper and suppressor T cells were highly related to pneumoconiosis in this study. A statistically significant decrease in the number of suppressor T lymphocytes was observed in the simple pneumoconiosis patients and at the same time, there was an increase in the lymphocyte index. Howevere, there was no statistically difference in the serum cytokines levels among the SP, PMF and control groups. Conclusion : T lymphocyte, helper T, and suppressor T cells may be highly related to the development of CWP compared to the control group particularly in the early stage of pneumoconiosis. The changes observed in the immunological system in patients with pneumoconiosis may lie at the bottom of the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Further study is needed to evaluate the lymphocyte compartment as a marker for pneumoconiosis development in the early stage.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the cooling efficiency and growth of tomatoes by root zone cooling device using a pad-box and cultivated system. The structure of the root zone cooling system using a pad-box was four piece of pads bonded an the side and a fan set at the bottom. Cool wind was generated by the outside air which was punched at intervals of 10 cm along three rows. Cold wind flowed to the root zone in the culture medium. The root zone cooling efficiency of cold wind generation by using a pad-box flowing through a wet-pad was determined. Major characteristic of this cuttural system consist of bed filled with a perlite medium and a ventilation pipe using PVC. The cold wind generation by a pad box (CWP) was compared to that of cold wind generation by a radiator (CWR), cold water circulation using a XL-pipe (CWX) and the control (non-cooling). When the temperature of water supplied was 16.2-18.4$^{\circ}C$, temperatures in the medium were 20.5~23.2$^{\circ}C$ for CWP 22.7~24.2$^{\circ}C$ for CWR, 22.8~24.27$^{\circ}C$ for CWX and 23.1~-29.6$^{\circ}C$ for the control. The results show that the cold wind temperature using the pad-box was lower by 1~2$^{\circ}C$ than that of cold water circulation in the XL-pipe and lower by 5~6$^{\circ}C$ than that of the control. Growth such as leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight and dry weight, was greater in three root zone cooling methods than in the control. Root activity was higher in the rat zone cooling methods than in the control. However, there was no significant difference among root zone cooling methods.