• 제목/요약/키워드: CV

검색결과 3,716건 처리시간 0.029초

구음장애와 사지원위부 무력감을 호소하는 신생물딸림소뇌변성 환자에 대한 가미귀비탕가감방을 포함한 한의복합치료 1례 (A Case Report of Complex Korean Medicine Treatment Including Modified Gamiguibi-tang in a Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration Patient with Dysarthria and Weakness of Distal Extremity)

  • 강지현;김서현;김채은;원희주;백경민
    • 대한한방내과학회지
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    • 제45권3호
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    • pp.497-507
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    • 2024
  • Objectives: This study investigated the treatment response to Korean medicine of a paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) patient with dysarthria and weakness of distal extremity. Case presentation: A 53-year-old female diagnosed with PCD complained of dysarthria and weakness of distal extremity. During 32-day hospitalization, she was treated with Korean medicine, namely, herbal medicine (modified Gamiguibi-tang), acupuncture (15 minutes twice a day at CV23, HT7, LI4, LR3, ST36, SP6, GB20, TE17, PC6, GV20, Ex-HN1, GV24 etc.), moxibustion, and cupping, combined with Western medicine (prednisolone, azathioprine) and physical therapy. Post-treatment, the patient global assessment (PGA) score of dysarthria fell from 100 to 60; grasp power rose from 15 kg to 19 kg and 13 kg to 17 kg in the right and left hands, respectively; and the 5-level EQ-5D version (EQ-5D-5L), EQ visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS), and Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) scores changed from 10 to 8, 0 to 80, and 34 to 7 respectively. Follow-up visits continued for about a month after discharge, improvement in symptoms maintained, and there were no significant side effects. Conclusions: Given the lack of standard treatment for PCD, Korean medicine can be tried clinically for the treatment of PCD patients with dysarthria and weakness of distal extremity. However, further studies with control groups are needed.

머신 러닝을 이용한 밸브 사이즈 및 종류 예측 모델 개발 (Data-driven Modeling for Valve Size and Type Prediction Using Machine Learning)

  • 김찬호;최민식;주종효;이아름;윤건;조성호;김정환
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제62권3호
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    • pp.214-224
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    • 2024
  • 밸브는 유량과 압력 조절 등의 중요한 역할을 수행하며, 적절한 밸브 사이즈와 유형 선택이 필요하다. Engineering Procurement Construction (EPC) 산업에선 밸브 사이즈 계수(Cv)의 수식적 계산을 바탕으로 사이즈와 유형을 선정해왔으나 이러한 방식은 전문가의 많은 시간과 비용이 요구되어 비효율적이다. 본 연구는 이를 해결하기위해 머신 러닝기법을 이용한 밸브 사이즈 및 유형 예측 모델을 개발하였다. Artificial neural network (ANN), Random Forest, XGBoost, Catboost의알고리즘을 적용하여 모델들을 개발하였으며, 평가 지표로는 사이즈 예측에는 Normalized root mean squared error (NRMSE)와 R2를, 종류 예측에는 F1 score를 적용하였다. 또한, 유체 상에 따른 영향을 확인하고자 유체 전체, 액체, 기체, 스팀의 4개의 데이터 세트로 사례 연구를 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 사이즈의 경우 전체, 액체, 기체에선 Catboost(R2기준, 전체: 0.99216, 액체: 0.98602, 기체: 0.99300. NRMSE 기준, 전체: 0.04072, 액체: 0.04886, 기체: 0.03619)가, 스팀에선 Random Forest가(R2: 0.99028, NRMSE: 0.03493) 가장 뛰어난 모델임을 확인하였다. 종류의 경우 Catboost가 모든 데이터에서 가장 높은 성과를 제시하였다(F1 score 기준, 전체: 0.95766, 액체: 0.96264, 기체: 0.95770, 스팀: 1.0000). 본 연구에서 제안한 모델들을 적용할 경우, 주어진 조건에 따른 밸브 선택을 도와 의사결정 속도를 높여줄 것으로 기대된다.

유/무기 나노 복합체를 이용한 PAN계 탄소섬유 토우 유연 전극의 전기화학적 특성 평가 및 비효소 전기화학 센서의 활용 (Electrochemical Properties of PAN-based Carbon Fibers Tow Electrode Using Organic/inorganic Nanocomposite and Its Application of Non-enzymatic Sensor)

  • 송민정
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제62권3호
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    • pp.233-237
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    • 2024
  • 본 연구는 유/무기 나노복합체를 이용한 PAN계 탄소섬유 토우(PAN-based carbon fibers tow) 기반의 유연 전극 제작 및 이를 활용한 비효소 전기화학 센서 개발에 대한 것으로, 전도성 고분자 polyaniline (PANI)와 금속 산화물 CuO을 유/무기 나노복합체 소재로 사용하였으며 글루코스를 전기화학 센서 타겟으로 적용하였다. 전극 제작을 위해 시판된 CFT는 열처리를 통한 사이징(sizing) 제거와 전기화학적 산화에 의한 표면 활성화의 전처리 공정을 거쳐 사용되었다. 유/무기 나노복합체는 전기화학적 중합 및 증착법을 통해 전처리된 CFT 표면 위에 순차적으로 합성되어 최종 CFT/PANI/CuO NPs 전극이 제작되었다. CFT/PANI/CuO NPs 전극의 전기화학적 특성 및 센싱 성능은 시간대전류법와 순환전압 전류법, 전기화학 임피던스 분광법을 이용하여 분석되었다. CFT/PANI/CuO NPs 전극은 전도성 고분자과 금속 산화물의 접목에 의해 전기 전도도 향상 및 우수한 전자 전달, 감응시간 단축, 비표면적 증가 등 개선된 전기화학적 특성과 증가된 감도, 넓은 선형 농도 구간, 높은 선택도 등 향상된 글루코스 센싱 성능을 보였다.

토양수분(土壤水分) 및 시비량(施肥量)에 따른 종자(種子)와 비료(肥料)의 수직거리(垂直距離)가 보리 출아(出芽) 및 초기생육(初期生育)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effect of Seed-Fertilizer Distance with Soil Moisture and Fertilizer Application Levels on the Emergence and Initial Growth of Barley)

  • 박무언;김석동;하용웅;유순호
    • 한국토양비료학회지
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.274-282
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    • 1984
  • 파조시(播條時) 종자일비료(種子一肥料)의 수직거리(垂直距離)가 보리의 출아(出芽)및 초기생육(初期生育)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 구명(究明)코자 올보리를 공시(供試)하여 사토(砂土)와 사양토(砂壤土)를 각각(各各) 적습구(適濕區)(1/10 기압보수력(氣壓保水力)의 80~100%) 건조구(乾燥區)(1/10 기압보수력(氣壓保水力)의 50~60%)로 대별(大別)하여 토양수분(土壤水分)을 조절(調節)한 프라스틱 폿트($54{\times}35{\times}20cm$)에 시비수준(施肥水準)을 표준비(標準肥)($N:P_2O_5:K_2O=6-9-7kg/10a$), 50% 증비(增肥) 및 배비(倍肥)로 하여 종자일비료(種子一肥料)의 수직거리(垂直距離)를 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4cm로 파종(播種)하여 시험(試驗)을 수행(遂行)함과 동시(同時)에 비료농도별(肥料濃度別) 발아력(發芽力)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. 근접시비(近接施肥)에 의(依)한 출아(出芽) 및 초기생육(初期生育) 저해(沮害)를 피할 수 있는 종자일비료(種子一肥料)의 수직거리(垂値距離)는 최소한(最小限) 3cm이상(以上)이었다. 2. 근접시비(近接施肥)에 의(依)한 출아율(出芽率) 감소(減少)는 양토(壤土)보다 사토(砂土)에서 심하였고, 토양수분(土壤水分)이 적을수록, 시비량(施肥量)이 많을수록 감소폭(減少幅)이 켰다. 3. 질소농도(窒素濃度)에 따른 보리발아율(發芽率)은 용액농도(溶液濃度) 0.4%를 기점(起點)으로 급속(急速)히 감소(減少)하며 용액농도(溶液濃度) 2.3%일 때 전혀 발아(發芽)되지 않았다. 4. 가리농도(加里農度)에 따른 보리발아율(發芽率)은 용액농도(溶液濃度) 0.5%를 기점(起點)으로 급속(急速)히 감소(減少)하며 용액농도(溶液濃度) 2.4%일 때 전혀 발아(發芽)되지 않았다. 5. 비료(肥料)의 고농도(高濃度) 집적(集積)에 의(依)한 발아장애(發芽障碍)는 증류수(蒸溜水)로 용질(溶質)포텐셜을 증가시킬 경우 발아회복(發芽回復)이 현저(顯著)히 높았다.

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항암(抗癌) 및 면역효과(免疫效果)에 복분자약침(覆盆子藥鍼)이 미치는 영향(影響) (Study on the Anti-cancer, Anti-metastasis and Immune response improvement Effects of Aqua-acupuncture with Rubi Fructus infusion solution)

  • 이선희;이병렬
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.189-219
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    • 2000
  • To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement effects of aqua-acupuncture with Rubi Fructus infusion solution, we used Rubi Fructus infusion solution(taken by water-alcohol method) put into Chung-wan (CV12) and Chok-Samni(ST36) of BALB/c or C57BL/6 which are corresponding to humanbody. We observed the cytotoxicity, the effect on the expression of MMP-9 gene, the ability to control cancer cell proliferation, change of body weight, surviving number, median surviving time, increase of life span, changes in amount of leukocyte, erythrocyte, platelet, total protein, creatinine, glucose and LDH, weight of spleen, number of pulmonary colony, histological analysis on tissue metastasis of lung and liver, splenic cell proliferation, the expression of cytokine gene, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ and NK cell, and concluded like this. The results were obtained as follows : 1. Effects of Anti-cancer 1) The cytotoxicity about B16-F10 cell line of $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-5}$, $2^{-6}$, $2^{-7}$, $2^{-8}$ diluent groups in Rubi Fructus infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 2) The cytotoxicity about HT1080 cell line of $2^0{\sim}2^{-8}$ diluent groups in Rubi Fructus infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 3) The effect on expression of MMP-9 gene was inhibited significantly in all the sample groups, compared with control group. 4) The effect on the control-ability on the cancer cell proliferation showed cytotoxicity significantly in $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-4}$, $2^{-5}$, $2^{-6}$, $2^{-7}$, diluent groups. 2. Effects of Anti-metastasis 1) S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice were inhibited significantly in weight increase in all the sample groups, compared with control group. The surviving number increased in almost sample groups, except one group put into Chok-Samni(ST36) with 20% Rubi Fructus infusion solution treatment group that showed same number of the control group. 2) S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice showed high MST significantly in almost sample groups, compared with control group. But one group put into Chok-Samni(ST36) with 20% Rubi Fructus infusion solution showed low MST than control group. 3) The group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice showed increased ILS than control group significantly in anti-metastasis test. 3. Effects of Immune response improvement 1) The group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice were increased significantly in the number of leukocyte and glucose, and decreased significantly in the amount of platelet and LDH, compared with control group. However, there's no significant increase or decrease in number of erythrocyte, total protein and creatinine. 2) We couldn't find any significant relation in spleen weight of the sample group. 3) In pulmonary colony, sample group was decreased significantly, compared with control group. 4) Histological analysis of sample group inhivited compared with that of control group in both of lung and liver. 5) In immune system, all the sample groups showed having more relevancy to the effect on splenic cell proliferation than normal group. 6) Cytokine gene increased in almost sample groups, except one group treated with $50{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Rubi Fructus infusion solution on IL-12. 7) In flow cytometry there's no significant relation in number of $CD8^+$ cell, however, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD19^+$ cell and NK cell in sample group had more relation than in control group. Above the results showed that aqua-acupuncture of Rubi Fructus solution has effects of anti-cancer, and-metastasis and immune response improvement.

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모혈(募穴)의 탄력(彈力) 상태(狀態) 측정(測定)에 의한 허실(虛實) 진단(診斷) 연구(硏究) (Study for the Deficiency and Excessiveness Diagnosis in the Front Point by Elastic State)

  • 나창수;윤여충;박현철;이동규;최찬헌;장경선;소철호
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.27-41
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    • 2000
  • The meridian system is the most essential and basic connecting structure that maintains the vital activities of viscera and bowels by connecting them with each part of body's surface. Doctors can understand the healthy condition, and the region and deficiency-excessiveness of disease by observing the condition of Qi flowing. Deficiency and excessiveness could be differentiated by various symptoms expressed in meridian system. Especially there could be several clues like pain, heat-cold, protuberance-depression, change of color and shine in the line of channel leads to the judgment of deficiency-excessiveness The diagnosis of deficiency and excessiveness can be generalized by quantification of elastic status in skin surface along the meridian system. By comparing data from measurement of elastic condition with those from traditional deficiency and excessiveness, it could be utilized for the development of oriental medicine. All biological activities in the human body are based on meridian system according to the oriental medicine. Also the meridian system is viewed as basic and essential structure connecting internal viscera and each part of body. The areas of expressed channel phenomena are muscle to bone, muscle to muscle and bone to bone. These areas are called depression where meridian system is present and any changing state on those points can be measured. It could be difficult in diagnosing the reaction of meridian system because doctor can depend on his own judgment. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify and indexate channel reactions. To quantify the channel reactions, specially manufactured instrument was used to quantify the protuberance and depression to differentiate the deficiency and excessiveness. The results follow as below; 1. The elastic index measurement by the equipment proved a pattern of agreement showing the values that ranged within standard deviation 0.05kgf/cm throughout the experiment except few cases' measurement in CV-17. 2. To evaluate the state of deficiency & excessiveness of elastic index measurements in frontal point, elastic index measurements in the front paint were compared to the elastic index measured surrounding the point within 2.5 cm. Such result of indexing procedure was closely matched to the concept of palpitation. 3. If the elastic index values in the surrounding front point closely located to the elastic index values in the front point, the judgement on the state of deficiency and excessiveness was delayed. Otherwise, it was judged as deficiency or excessiveness. 4. Out of total 12 cases of comparing the elastic index values to the elastic index values in the surrounding front point, Three to nine front points were judged as either in the state of deficiency or excessiveness. 5. Among the nine front points judged as either in the state of deficiency or excessiveness, Four cases were matched to the electric index measured by EAV that evaluating the internal organs by five different phases. If more clinical cases are accumulated, it is expected to systematically theorize and improve the concept of deficiency and excessiveness in the internal organs using the front point.

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육종용약침의 항암작용(抗癌作用) 및 면역효과(免疫效果)에 대(對)한 실험적(實驗的) 연구(硏究) (Study on the Anti-cancer, Anti-metastasis and Immune response improvement of Aqua-acupuncture with Cistanches Herba infusion solution)

  • 이은용;이병렬
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.251-286
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    • 2000
  • To study the effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement of aqua-acupuncture with Cistanches Herba infusion solution, we used Cistanches Herba infusion solution(taken by water-alcohol method) put into Chung-wan(CV12) and Chok-Samni(S36) of BALB/c or C57BL/6 which are corresponding to human body. We observed the cytotoxicity, the effect on the expression of MMP-9 gene, the ability to control cancer cell proliferation, change of body weight, surviving number, MST, ILS, changes in amount of WBC, RBC, PLT, total protein, creatinine, glucose and LDH, weight of spleen, number of pulmonary colony, histological analysis on tissue metastasis of lung and liver, splenic cell proliferation, the expression of cytokine gene, the number of $CD4^+$, $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ and NK cell, and concluded like this. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The cytotoxicity about B16-F10 cell line of $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-5}$ diluent groups in Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 2. The cytotoxicity about HT1080 cell line of $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-5}$, $2^{-8}$ diluent groups in Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment was inhibited significantly, compared with control group. 3. The effect on expression of MMP-9 gene was decreased in all the sample groups, compared with control group. 4. The effect on the control-ability on the cancer cell proliferation showed cytotooicity significantly in $2^0$, $2^{-1}$, $2^{-2}$, $2^{-3}$, $2^{-4}$, $2^{-5}$ diluent groups. 5. S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice were inhibited significantly in weight increase in all the sample groups, compared with control group. The surviving number increased in almost sample groups, except one group put into Chok-Samni(S36) with 20% Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment group that showed same number of the control group. 6. S-180 cancer cell line transplants in BALB/c mice showed high MST and ILS significantly in almost sample groups, compared with control group. But one group put into Chok-Samni(S36) with 20% Cistanches Herba infusion solution treatment group showed low MST and ILS than control group. 7. The sample group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice showed increased ILS compared with control group significantly in anti-metastasis test. 8. The sample group injected in vein with B16-F10 cancer cell line in C57BL/6 mice were increased significantly in the number of WBC and glucose, and decreased significantly in the amount of LDH, compared with control group. However, there's no significant increase or decrease in number of RBC, PLT, total protein and creatinine. 9. We couldn't find any significant relation in spleen weight of the sample group. 10. In pulmonary colony, sample group was decreased significantly, compared with control group. 11. Histological analysis of sample group inhivited compared with that of control group in both of lung and liver. 12. In immune system, all the sample groups showed having more relevancy to the effect on splenic cell proliferation than normal group. 13. The effect on cytokine gene expression of all the sample groups were increased than control group. 14. In flow cytometry there's no significant relation in number of $CD8^+$, $CD19^+$ cell, however, the number of $CD4^+$ cell and NK cell in sample groups were increased than in control group. Above the results showed that aqua-acupuncture of Cistanches Herba infusion solution has effects of anti-cancer, anti-metastasis and immune response improvement.

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조기퇴원 제왕절개 산욕부를 위한 가정간호 표준서 개발 (Development of validated Nursing Interventions for Home Health Care to Women who have had a Caesarian Delivery)

  • 황보수자
    • 간호행정학회지
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.135-146
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this study was to develope, based on the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) system. a set of standardized nursing interventions which had been validated. and their associated activities. for use with nursing diagnoses related to home health care for women who have had a caesarian delivery and for their newborn babies. This descriptive study for instrument development had three phases: first. selection of nursing diagnoses. second, validation of the preliminary home health care interventions. and third, application of the home care interventions. In the first phases, diagnoses from 30 nursing records of clients of the home health care agency at P. medical center who were seen between April 21 and July 30. 1998. and from 5 textbooks were examined. Ten nursing diagnoses were selected through a comparison with the NANDA (North American Nursing Diagnosis Association) classification In the second phase. using the selected diagnoses. the nursing interventions were defined from the diagnoses-intervention linkage lists along with associated activities for each intervention list in NIC. To develope the preliminary interventions five-rounds of expertise tests were done. During the first four rounds. 5 experts in clinical nursing participated. and for the final content validity test of the preliminary interventions. 13 experts participated using the Fehring's Delphi technique. The expert group evaluated and defined the set of preliminary nursing interventions. In the third phases, clinical tests were held at in a home health care setting with two home health care nurses using the preliminary intervention list as a questionnaire. Thirty clients referred to the home health care agency at P. medical center between October 1998 and March 1999 were the subjects for this phase. Each of the activities were tested using dichotomous question method. The results of the study are as follows: 1. For the ten nursing diagnoses. 63 appropriate interventions were selected from 369 diagnoses interventions links in NlC., and from 1.465 associated nursing activities. From the 63 interventions. the nurses expert group developed 18 interventions and 258 activities as the preliminary intervention list through a five-round validity test 2. For the fifth content validity test using Fehring's model for determining lCV (Intervention Content Validity), a five point Likert scale was used with values converted to weights as follows: 1=0.0. 2=0.25. 3=0.50. 4=0.75. 5=1.0. Activities of less than O.50 were to be deleted. The range of ICV scores for the nursing diagnoses was 0.95-0.66. for the nursing interventions. 0.98-0.77 and for the nursing activities, 0.95-0.85. By Fehring's method. all of these were included in the preliminary intervention list. 3. Using a questionnaire format for the preliminary intervention list. clinical application tests were done. To define nursing diagnoses. home health care nurses applied each nursing diagnoses to every client. and it was found that 13 were most frequently used of 400 times diagnoses were used. Therefore. 13 nursing diagnoses were defined as validated nursing diagnoses. Ten were the same as from the nursing records and textbooks and three were new from the clinical application. The final list included 'Anxiety', 'Aspiration. risk for'. 'Infant behavior, potential for enhanced, organized'. 'Infant feeding pattern. ineffective'. 'Infection'. 'Knowledge deficit'. 'Nutrition, less than body requirements. altered', 'Pain'. 'Parenting'. 'Skin integrity. risk for. impared' and 'Risk for activity intolerance'. 'Self-esteem disturbance', 'Sleep pattern disturbance' 4. In all. there were 19 interventions. 18 preliminary nursing interventions and one more intervention added from the clinical setting. 'Body image enhancement'. For 265 associated nursing activities. clinical application tests were also done. The intervention rate of 19 interventions was from 81.6% to 100%, so all 19 interventions were in c1uded in the validated intervention set. From the 265 nursing activities. 261(98.5%) were accepted and four activities were deleted. those with an implimentation rate of less than 50%. 5. In conclusion. 13 diagnoses. 19 interventions and 261 activities were validated for the final validated nursing intervention set.

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염분에 대한 콩의 생리학적 반응지표 연구 (Parameters on Physiological Responses of Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) to Salinity)

  • 천상욱;박종환
    • 한국환경농학회지
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    • 제22권3호
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    • pp.185-191
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    • 2003
  • 본 연구는 "광안콩"의 20일 묘를 공시하여 $0{\sim}90\;mM$의 염분조건에서 콩의 생리학적 피해정도를 산정하고 내염성 품종선발과 육종계획에 요구되는 기초자료로 활용하고자 수행되었다. 엽록소의 함량은 정상적인 관수를 실시한 대조구에 비해 염분 처리에서 $15{\sim}60%$ 감소하였고 농도증가에 따라 감소정도가 크게 나타났다. 염분 처리에 따른 광합성과 호흡량은 각각 $28{\sim}48%$$16{\sim}34%$ 감소하였고 $O_2$ 생산 비율보다 $O_2$ 소모 비율이 높게 나타났다. 수분 potential은 정상 잎(-1.5 MPa)에 비해 염분처리에서는 농도별로 -2.13에서 -2.69 MPa로 직선적으로 감소하였다. 개화기 염처리에서 대조구 $13.3\;{\mu}g$의 약 $17{\sim}22%$로 감소한 $11.8{\sim}10.4\;{\mu}g$이었으며 증산저항은 $1.08{\sim}1.70\;S/m$로 증가하는 경향이었다. 콩 잎의 수분증산 저항에 미치는 염분의 영향은 잎 내부의 기층저항이 가장 심한 차이를 보였고 무처리에서 45.9 S/m인 반면 염분처리에서는 $53.5{\sim}56.6\;S/m$로 농도증가에 따라 증가하였으며 기공저항과 잎 경계면의 저항은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 대부분의 무기물 함량은 뿌리보다 앞에서 축적량이 더 많게 나타났으나 $Na^+$만이 뿌리에 더 많이 축적되었고 N, P, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$$Mg^{2+}$는 무처리에 비해 오히려 그 축적량이 감소하였다. 염분처리에 따른 콩 잎의 유리 proline은 무처리($10.5\;{\mu}g$) 대비 $1.8{\sim}4.2$배 ($184{\sim}434\;{\mu}g$)로 염 농도가 증가함에 따라 축적량이 증가하는 경향이었다. Nitrate reductase의 활성은 염 농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나 농도가 90 mM 염분 처리에서의 증가폭은 다소 둔화되는 경향이었다. 한편 peroxidase 활성 역시 염분농도가 증가함에 다라 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

답압시간과 비료종류가 골프코스 그린 잔디의 품질에 미치는 영향 (The Influence of Traffic Time and Fertilizer Type on the Quality of Golf Course Putting Greens)

  • 이성우;이재필;김두환
    • 아시안잔디학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.65-74
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 우리나라 늦가을부터 초겨울의 집중적인 답압피해를 줄이기 위해 답압 시간과 비료의 종류가 골프장 그린에 식재된 크리핑 벤트그래스의 생육과 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 하였다. 실험기간은 2005년 10월 1일$\sim$2005년 11월 30일까지 약 2개월간 인천그랜드 골프장내 시험포장에서 크리핑 벤트그래스의 '씨 사이드 II' 품종을 대상 실시되었고 실험구의 크기는 1m $\times$ 1.5m이며 3반복 완전임의배치법으로 하였다. 시험구 처리는 대조구와 답압 시간대(오전, 정오, 저녁) 및 비료종류(속효성 비료 1종, 완효성 비료 4종)를 달리한 실험을 수행하였다). 조사항목은 엽색, 질감, 밀도 및 내답압성을 시각적으로 평가하였고 잔디 밀도(개/$cm^2$), 뿌리길이(cm)를 조사하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 답압 시간대 변화에 따른 잔디 엽색 및 잔디질감은 답압처리 20일 이후인 10월 중순부터는 낮 1시부터 2시 사이 처리한 대조구 A4(10-15-10+정오)에 비해 오전 6시부터 7시 사이 처리한 A16(10-15-10+아침)에서 잔디품질이 나빠졌다. 잔디품질과 내답압성은 아침 시간대인 처리구(A16)와 저녁시간대 처리구(A17)는 낮 시간대 A4와 비교하여 큰 차이는 없었으나 11월 이후 일교차가 커지면서 품질이 떨어졌다. 2. 답압 시간대 변화에 따른 잔디 분얼경 밀도는 답압 30일후의 측정에서 대조구인 A4에 비해 A16가 밀도가 크게 떨어졌다. 또한 뿌리길이는 지상부 평가와는 달리 큰 차이가 없었다. 즉 단기적으로는 아침시간대의 답압이 지하부보다는 지상부 생육에 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 3. 비료 종류의 변화에 따른 잔디 엽색은 처리 후 10일까지는 속효성 비료인 A18의 엽색이 진하였다. 그러나 실험 기간이 지나면서 질소성분이 지속적으로 공급되는 완효성비료 처리구인 A20(11-3-22), A21(20-3-20) 및 A22(10-3-10)가 진한 엽색을 유지하였다. 잔디의 질감은 잔디의 엽색과 달리 실험 30일 이후 A4와 Al8가 낮았다. 잔디품질과 내답압성은 속효성 비료인 A18보다 완효성 비료 처리구(A22)가 가장 좋았다. 4. 잔디 분얼경 밀도는 실험 15일과 30일 후 각각 20.2개/$cm^2$와 16.3개/$cm^2$로 A22가 가장 많았다. 그러나 처리구별 평균 잔디 분얼경밀도는 답압처리 15일 이후부터 답압 전 26개에서 20.2개, 13.6개로 급속히 감소하였다. 뿌리길이는 A18가 11.7cm로 가장 짧았고 다른 처리구에서는 14$\sim$14.3cm로 차이 적었다. 이상 결과를 종합하여 보면 잔디의 답압으로 인한 피해를 최소화하고 건강한 잔디생육을 위하여 첫째, 관리적 방법으로 답압피해가 심할 수 있는 아침이나 저녁시간대의 관리작업 및 내장객 답압을 최소화하기 위해 홀컵 이동이나 교체시기를 탄력적으로 운영해야 할 것이다. 둘째, 동계기간 중에는 티업시간을 최대한 늦추거나 마지막 티업 시간을 당겨서 이른 아침과 저녁시간에 서리와 잔디의 결빙으로 인한 잔디의 손상을 최소화하여야 할 것이다. 셋째, 비료의 선택에 있어 단기적으로 답압과 마모가 예상되는 경우에는 왕성한 회복을 촉진하는 속효성 비료를 선택한다. 반면 시간의 경과에 따른 생육의 균일도, 즉 엽색이나 밀도 등을 가능한 오랜 기간 동안 일정하게 유지할 경우 완효성 비료를 사용해야 할 것으로 판단된다.