• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.202-205
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• 2005

The present study was made in order to clarify the anti-emetic effect by needle-acupuncture (AP), injection-AP and moxibustion in xylazine - induced vomiting of dogs. Twelve mongrel dogs (4 months to 5 year old, 2 to 4 kg of body weight), eleven mongrel dogs (4 months to 5 years old, 2 to 10 kg of body weight) and twelve mongrel dogs (4 months to 1 year old, 2 to 4 kg of body weight) were used for clarification of anti-emetic effect by needle-AP, injection-AP and moxibustion, respectively. The experimental animals were devided into control(6 heads), BL-21(6 heads), CV-12(6 heads) and BL-21+CV-12(6 heads) groups using total 6 dogs with vomiting selected in preliminary experiment, respectively in needle-AP treatment. In addition, the experimental dogs were divided into control (11 heads), BL-21 (6 heads) and CV-12(6 heads) groups using 11 dogs, respectively in injection-AP treatment. In moxibustion treatment the experimental dogs were divided into control (6 heads), BL-21(6 heads) and CV-12(6 heads) groups using 6 dogs, respectively. Five days after the experiment of one group was finished, the other group was examined in each experiment. Acupuncture needle was maintained for 20 minutes in needle-AP treatment. Metoclopramide was used in injection-AP treatment. Commercial moxa was used in moxibustion treatment. Vomiting was induced by intramuscular injection with $2{\%}$ xylazine 20 minutes after treatments of needle-AP, injection-AP and moxibustion, respectively. The vomiting rates of BL-21($33.3{\%}$), CV-12($50{\%}$) and BL-21+CV-12($33.3{\%}$) were lower than that of control($66.7{\%}$) and vomiting times of experimental groups were similar to that of control in needle-AP treatment. The vomiting rates of BL-21 ($0{\%}$) and CV-12($16.4{\%}$) were lower than that of control($66.7{\%}$) and the vomiting time of CV-12 group was similar to that of control group in injection-AP treatment. The vomiting rates of BL-21($33.3{\%}$) and CV-12($33.3{\%}$) were lower than that of control ($66.7{\%}$) and vomiting times of experimental group were similar to that of control group in moxibustion treatment. In conclusion, it was considered that needle-AP, metoclopramide injection-AP and moxibustion at BL-21 and CV-12 were effective for anti-emesis in xylazine induced vomiting of dogs and metoclopramide injection-AP was the most effective method for anti-emesis among them.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 2015

White rot fungi produce lignin-degrading enzymes such as laccase, manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase. These extracellular oxidases efficiently degrade recalcitrant synthetic dyestuffs with diverse chemical structures. Here, we examined the activities of lignin-degrading enzymes in Trametes versicolor using triphenyl methane dyes, crystal violet (CV) and malachite green (MG). Both dyes were decolorized by T. versicolor in solid and liquid culture conditions. T. versicolor decolorized MG more quickly than CV in both conditions. Among three ligninolytic enzymes, laccase was most abundantly found in the decolorization processes of CV and MG. However, higher activity of laccase was needed to degrade CV than MG. The much less activity of MnP was also detected. But the increase of MnP activity was well corresponded to the decolorization efficiency of CV, suggesting the involvement of MnP in CV degrading process. However, its role in the degradation process of MG is supposed to be subsidiary to laccase.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.199-207
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• 2018

Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) is a whitefly-transmitted and phloem-limited crinivirus. In 2013, severe interveinal chlorosis and bronzing on tomato leaves, known symptoms of ToCV infection, were observed in greenhouses in Korea. To identify ToCV infection in symptomatic tomato plants, RT-PCR with ToCV-specific primers was performed on leaf samples collected from 11 tomato cultivating areas where ToCV-like symptoms were observed in 2013 and 2014. About half of samples (45.18%) were confirmed as ToCV-infected, and the complete genome of 10 different isolates were characterized. This is the first report of ToCV occurring in Korea. The phylogenetic relationship and genetic variation among ToCV isolates from Korea and other countries were also analysed. When RNA1 and RNA2 are analysed separately, ToCV isolates were clustered into three groups in phylogenetic trees, and ToCV Korean isolates were confirmed to belong to two groups, which were geographically separated. These results suggested that Korean ToCV isolates originated from two independent origins. However, the RNA1 and RNA2 sequences of the Yeonggwang isolate were confirmed to belong to different groups, which indicated that ToCV RNA1 and RNA2 originated from two different origins and were reassorted in Yeonggwang, which is the intermediate point of two geographically separated groups.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.43-54
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• 2009

Objectives : To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory rat model. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups; normal control (n=8), LPS control (n=8), LPS+Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at CV4 (CV4, n=8), LPS+Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at ST36 (ST36, n=8), and LPS+Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at CV12 (CV12, n=8). Pharmacopuncture was given every two days for 4 weeks followed by inflammation induction by peritoneal LPS injection (5mg/kg). Proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-$\alpha$ (TNF-$\alpha$), interleukin-10 (IL-10), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) from blood and liver tissue were compared before and 5 hrs after inflammation induction. Results : In CV4 and CV12 groups, plasma IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-$\alpha$ levels increased by LPS injection, significantly decreased 5 hrs after injection (p<0.05). For CV12 group, plasma IL-10 concentration significantly increased (p<0.05). Liver IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 levles significantly decreased in CV4 and CV12 groups (P<0.05), while normal and LPS control groups were not significantly different in TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-10 levels. Plasma TBARS concentration was significantly decreased in CV12 group, while there was no significant difference among LPS control and pharmacopuncture groups for liver TBARS concentration. Conclusions : Based on the present findings, Prunella vulgaris pharmacopuncture at CV12 may have a potentially preventive anti-inflammatory effect in an LPS-induced inflammatory rat model.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.35-47
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• 2010

Objectives : Chim-Gu-Kyung-Heom-Bang(CGKHB; 鍼灸經驗方) is the needle and moxa specialized document written by the doctor specialized in needle and moxa treatment of Joseon(朝鮮), Heo Im(1570-1647). The document was published in April 1644(22nd year of King Injo). CGKHB contains the needle and moxa treatment techniques accumulated by the Joseon Dynasty as well as the personal experience of Heo Im. The aim of this study is to restore the past treatment method as a method of Needle Insertion Method at CV12(NIM-CV12, needle to penetrate blood vessel technique) in CGKHB.. Methods : Through Dong-Yi-Bao-Gam(DYBG; 東醫寶鑑), the implication of Korean medicine study of the Jungwan(CV12) has been studied. Next is the contemplation of the NIM-CV12 of CGKHB with the Acupuncture Treatment Using Jungwan(中脘鍼法) of Park Tae-won and Acupuncture Treatment for Byeokjeok(癖積鍼法) of "Geup Yubang". Results and Conclusions : 1. CV12 is one of the acupuncture points representing stomach(脾胃), middle energizer(中焦), phlegm-fluid retention(痰飮) and greater yin(太陰). 2. NIM-CV12 of CGKHB is the technique to penetrate the needle into the CV12 strictly relying on tactile sense of a person who give the penetration. This CV12 administration was carried out at intervals of every 7 or 8 day. During the administration period, the patient was not allowed to intake excessive amount of food. 3. The Acupuncture Treatment Using Jungwan(中脘鍼法) of Park Tae-won and Acupuncture Treatment for Byeokjeok(癖積鍼法) of "GeupYubang", existed in the same era of the NIM-CV12 of CGKHB, have similar linkage to the NIM-CV12 of Heo Im.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.209-214
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• 2017

We evaluated the effect of cucumber vinegar (CV) on fatigue accumulation in rats that performed high-intensity exercise. The rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: sedentary control (SC), exercise control (EC), and CV. Body weights were higher in groups EC and CV than in group SC. Organ weights in group CV did not differ from those in group SC. Running time was significantly longer in group CV than in the other groups. Compared to group EC, cucumber vinegar administration markedly decreased serum concentrations of ammonia, inorganic phosphate, and ${{\small}L}$-lactate. The activities of serum creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were significantly lower in group CV than in groups SC and EC. Glycogen contents in the muscle and liver were higher in group CV than in groups SC and EC. These results suggest that cucumber vinegar can serve as a functional ingredient in the development of a beverage to attenuate fatigue.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.498-510
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was designed to find out whether there is a correlation between qi-stagnation score and pressure pain threshold (PPT) on acupuncture point $CV_{17}$ in burning mouth syndrome (BMS) patients. Methods : Thirty BMS patients who newly visited Oral Disease Clinic at the Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital were surveyed. The subjects were evaluated on age, illness duration, sex, self-assessed severity of BMS, qi-stagnation score, and PPT on 3 acupuncture points ($CV_{17}$, Rt. $SP_9$, Lt. $SP_9$). Results : There was significant correlation between age and PPT on $CV_{17}$ (p=0.005). Therefore, partial correlation analysis with age as control variable was done, and the result showed significant correlation between qi-stagnation score and PPT on $CV_{17}$ (p=0.001). Qi-stagnation diagnostic point by PPT on $CV_{17}$ was suggested as 3.8056 $kg/cm^2$ based on the fact that diagnostic score is 28.50 in the qi-stagnation questionnaire. Furthermore, considering that PPT is effected by age, we could attain qi-stagnation diagnostic equation of PPT on $CV_{17}$, that is suggested as $0.047{\times}(age)+0.848kg/cm^2$. PPT of 3 acupuncture points ($CV_{17}$, Rt. $SP_9$, Lt. $SP_9$) was compared, and the result showed that PPT was significantly lower on $CV_{17}$ (w/Rt $SP_9$: p=0.022, w/Lt. $SP_9$: p=0.012). Also, significance and correlation coefficient with qi-stagnation were higher on $CV_{17}$ (p<0.001, r=-0.620) than Rt. $SP_9$ (p=0.023, r=-0.413) or Lt. $SP_9$ (p=0.014, r=-0.444). Conclusions : The result of this study suggested that PPT on $CV_{17}$, measured quantitatively by algometer, had a strong correlation with qi-stagnation score in BMS patients. Therefore, the study showed that $CV_{17}$ can be a useful acupuncture point in diagnosing qi-stagnation by measuring PPT in BMS patients.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.145-149
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• 1997

Occurrence pattern of major insect pests on 7 recommended potato cultivars in Korea was investigated from sowing to harvesting time at Kangneung and Daegwallyung experiment fields in 1996. Green peach aphid (Mym persicae Sulzer), potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas) and beet armyworm (Spodoptera enigua Hubner) were the major insect pests on potato leaves, and wireworm (Selatosomus puncticollis Mot.) was the major pest on tubers. There was a slight difference of average number of aphids per 50 leaves among cultivars; ranged from 22.7 on cv. Dejima to 46.3 on cv. Superior. Numbers of leaves damaged by beet armyworm larvae on cv. Shepody and cv. Jopung were 11.0 and 14.3, and these cultivars are thought to be resistant against the larvae infestation. However, degree of damage on cv. Dejima and cv. Namsuh was higher 10 times than cv. Shepody and cv. Jopung. In wireworm, the percentage of damaged tubers on cv. Irish Cobbler was lowest of 8.1%, and followed by cv. Superior, cv. Dejima, cv. Jopung, and cv. Atlantic. Whereas, those on cv. Namsuh and cv. Shepody were significantly high of 50.0% and 46.8%.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.623-630
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• 2006

The slag viscosity is an important factor determining the operation temperature of entrained flow type of gasifiers. The temperature of critical viscosity, $T_{cv}$, for 5 crystalline slags was predicted by empirical models and FactSage equilibrium calculations, and the validity of each method was tested. Two empirical models were employed: one using $T_h$ from the ash fusion test, and the other using the concentrations of 5 major components. The first model using $T_h$ over-predicted $T_{cv}$ by $20{\sim}100^{\circ}C$, while the model based on the slag composition under-predicted $T_{cv}$ by $80{\sim}120^{\circ}C$. In the equlibrium calculations, $T_{cv}$ was obtained from the liquidus temperature. When the 4-major component concentrations were used in the calculation, the predicted temperatures were higher than the observed. The liquidus temperature was very sensitive to the concentrations of minor components, and the addition of MgO and $Na_2O$ lowered the liquidus temperature. The results with 4 major and 3 minor components most closely described experimentally observed $T_{cv}$. In the case that a chromia refractory was used, it was shown that $Cr_2O_3$ concentration in the slag also needs to be included for more accurate prediction of $T_{cv}$.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 2009

MOV(Main Oxidizer shut-off Valves) control the combustion of launch vehicle systems by the supply and the isolation of liquid oxygen to a main combustion chamber in launch vehicle systems. Moreover, in the steady operational state, the MOV should secure a constant flow rate of liquid oxygen for combustion instability in the combustion chamber. Concerning the development of MOV, TM(Technology Model) has been manufactured and normal operations of the valve have been verified. However, the Cv of TM has been proved to be too low as compared with a design specification value. Therefore, CFD analysis have been performed by modification of the configurations of TM in order to increase sufficiently Cv of EM(Engineering Model), which is the following model of TM. The modifications of TM configurations such as partial scale-up of valve, increase of stroke length, and outlet angle of 120o would result in a considerable augmentation of Cv. It has been verified by flow capacity tests that the improved Cv of EM is min. 212, which is higher than Cv of TM, 161 by about 32%.