• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.423-426
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• 2006

Objective : There is still debate about the diagnostic efficacy of digital infrared thermographic imaging[DITI], nevertheless, it has been used for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome[CTS]. We performed comparative study between patient and control groups to investigate the diagnostic value of DITI in CTS. Methods : We studied 27 patients with electrodiagnostically-proven CTS and 18 symptom-free volunteers as a control. We measured thermal difference on DITI in the corresponding regions of the hands and forearms. We statistically analyzed the thermal data using a t-test. Results : The average thermal difference in the diagnosed patient group ranged from $0.0303^{\circ}C$ to $0.2856^{\circ}C$, while that in control group ranged from $0.0611^{\circ}C$ to $0.2878^{\circ}C$. In the CTS patient group, thermal difference between each 2nd finger was higher than that of other regions. However, there was no statistical significance between patient and control groups. Conclusion : We found that the diagnostic value of DITI in CTS was not sufficient. There should be a reconsideration of the usefulness of DITI in CTS.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2022

The aim of this paper is to study the mechanical behaviors of the cold-formed thin-walled steel and reinforced concrete sandwich composite slab (CTS&RC-SCS) under vertical loads and to develop the calculation methods of its flexural bearing capacity and section stiffness. Two CTS&RC-SCS specimens were designed and manufactured to carry out the static loading test, and meanwhile, the numerical simulation analyses based on finite element method were implemented. The comparison between experimental results and numerical analysis results shows that the CTS&RC-SCS has good flexural capacity and ductility, and the accuracy and rationality of the numerical simulation analysis are verified. Further, the variable parameter analysis results indicate that neither increasing the concrete strength grade nor increasing the thickness of C-sections can significantly improve the flexural capacity of CTS&RC-SCS. With the increase of the ratio of longitudinal bars and the thickness of the composite slab, the flexural capacity of CTS&RC-SCS will be significantly increased. On the basis of experimental research and numerical analysis above, the calculation formula of the flexural capacity of CTS&RC-SCS was deduced according to the plastic section design theory, and section stiffness calculation formula was proposed according to the theory of transformed section. In terms of the ultimate flexural capacity and mid-span deflection, the calculated values based on the formulas and the experimental values are in good agreement.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2012

최근 개인차량의 증가로 인해 도로교통의 혼잡은 심화되고 있다. 개인차량의 운행 억제를 위한 여러 방편 중 카쉐어링, 렌트카 등의 시스템이 IT 기술과 접목되어 등장하고 있다. 또한, 차량의 소유를 억제하고 아울러 지속가능한 교통환경을 위한 차량공유 시스템에 대한 도입이 검토되고 있다. 이러한 차량 공유는 도로교통의 혼잡을 줄이고 차량의 효율성을 증대시키며 보다 친환경적인 교통의 구현을 목적으로 한다. 본 논문에서는 차량공유시스템에 대한 개념, 체계도, 운영시나리오 등을 소개하고자 한다. 아울러 차량 공유시스템 운영에 있어 최우선 과제인 차량 대여소 입지선정 및 수요를 추정하였다. 연구지역은 부산시 남구, 해운대구, 수영구를 연구 지역으로 선정하고 인구수, 종사자수, 학생수, OD 통행량 등 주요 교통현황을 분석하고 이용 설문조사를 통해 설정된 존의 수요를 추정하였다. 각 존의 발생통행과 도착통행을 고려하고, 이용 빈도 평균사용시간을 분석해 필요 수요를 산정하였다. 대여소 입지선정은 입지후보지를 인구 밀도와 접근성을 통해 평가하고 평가단위를 통일하기위해 평과결과를 정규화 하여 각 후보지를 평가하였다. 평가점수에 따라 선정된 입지후보지의 CTS 존 수요에 따른 차량 대수 및 주차면수를 산정하였다. 산정결과 대표존으로 해운대구 우1동의 3개의 후보지중 해운대광장공영주차장과 동백사거리공영주차장이 선정되었으며 각각의 차량대수와 주차면은 11대와 14.23면, 7.9대와 10.29면으로 추정되었다. 향후연구로 클라우드 교통 구현시 발생된 실데이터의 적용을 통한 정확한 수요추정이 필요하며 선정된 대여소간의 차량 재분배를 위한 효율적인 네트워크 설계와 알고리즘이 연구되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.139-152
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• 2017

Objectives : This study reports the clinical effects of miniscalpel needle therapy in patients with carpal tunnel or tarsal tunnel syndrome. Methods : Three patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) or tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) (first case, patient with CTS and TTS; second case, patient with CTS; and third case, patient with TTS) were treated with miniscalpel needle (MSN) therapy and integrative Korean medical treatment. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS), Boston scale score, and AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) ankle-hindfoot score were measured. Results : In general, outcome measures after treatment showed improvement in all cases. In the first case (CTS and TTS), scores on the NRS, NPS, and Boston scale decreased, and AOFAS ankle-hind foot scores increased. In addition, Tinel's sign showed improvement. In the second case (CTS), scores on the NRS, NPS, and Boston scale, and Tinel's sign, were decreased. In the third case (TTS), scores on the NRS and NPS, and Tinel's sign, showed improvement, and AOFAS ankle-hind foot scores were increased. Conclusion : These results suggest that MSN therapy has a meaningful clinical effect in CTS and TTS.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2004

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition characterized by entrapment neuropathy of the median nerves. Clinical manifestations are the most important findings for diagnosis and assessment of therapeutic effects. But, objective indicators, such as electrophysiological findings, are also valuable supplementary tools. This study investigated the relationship between clinical grading and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of median proper palmar digital nerve (MPPDN) in CTS patients. Method: This study was done on 90 upper limbs of 53 patients with CTS (men: 6, women: 47, age: 26~69 years, mean age; 52 years). Each SNCV of MPPDN was recorded with bar electrode using antidromic method. Each SNCV was compared with clinical grading of CTS. The clinical grades of CTS were designated as follows; group 1 is mild symptoms, 2 is moderate symptoms, and 3 is severe and longstanding symptoms. Result: In thumb, the SNCV of MPPDN was not different significantly between 3 groups (p=0.817). In the index finger, the SNCV was the fastest in the group 1, but faster in group 3 than in group 2 (p=0.001). In the middle and ring fingers, SNCV was decreased in higher clinical grading groups (middle finger: p=0.015, ring finger: p=0.044). Conclusion: SNCV of MPPDN of middle and ring finger correlated with the clinical grading of CTS. SNCV of index finger was the fastest in group 1. But SNCV of thumb did not correlate with the clinical grading of CTS.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.385-393
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• 2004

현재 클러스터 시스템은 여러 분야의 문제들을 위하여 폭 넓게 이용되어지고 있으며 유용한 고성능 컴퓨팅 자원으로 인식되고 있다. 클러스터 시스템의 사용자가 늘어남에 따라 클러스터 시스템의 성능 개선 못지 않게 안정적인 운영을 유지하는 것도 중요한 상황이다. 하드웨어 예방 정비가 정상 운영을 위해서 중요한 것임에도 불구하고, 예방 점검 시간에 일반적인 클러스터 시스템을 위하여 사용될 수 있는 검사 도구는 주요 관심사가 되지 못했다. 본 논문에서는 하드웨어 예방 정비를 고려하여 클러스터 시스템을 위한 하드웨어 검사 도구를 제안한다. CTS(Cluster system Test Suite)로 명명된 클러스터 시스템 검사 도구는 메모리와 NIC를 점검하기 위한 두개의 검사 루틴을 가지고 있다. CTS를 설계시, CTS가 일반 적인 클러스터 시스템이 가지는 공통된 특징을 지원하도록 노력하였으며 검사 조건 설정에서 결과 조회까지 모든 작업은 통합 GUI 환경에서 진행될 수 있도록 하였다. 두 종류의 클러스터 시스템을 점검할 때, CTS를 사용하였고 클러스터 시스템을 관리하는데 유용한 정보가 제공됨을 확인하였다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.266-272
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• 2006

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common disorders by under pressure of the median nerve at the wrist in these days. However, pathological mechanism of CTS is unknown. We carried out this study to identify the changes of gene expression and to evaluate possible mechanism in CTS. 120 CTS patients and 30 control patients were included in this study. Patients with a history of diabetes, hypertension, thyroid diseases, and arthritis were excluded. CTS patients were divided to three experimental groups-Mild, Moderate, and Severe group-according to elecrodiagnosis. Radioactive cDNA microarrays (Nylon membrane including 1,152 genes) were used to examine the difference of gene expression profile in CTS. We identified up-regulated genes by more than 2.0 value of z-ratio, and down-regulated genes by less than-2.0 value of z-ratio. 20 genes such as the ITGAL, ITGAM, PECAM1, VIL2, TGFBR2, RAB7, RNF5 and NFKB1 were up-regulated, and 28 genes such as PRG5, CASP8, CDH1, IGFBP5, CBX3, HREV107, PIN, and WINT2 were down-regulated. These genes were related with TGF beta signaling pathway, NF-Kb signaling pathway, antiapoptotic pathway and T cell receptor signaling pathway. However, there were no differences in gene expression profiles according to severities of symptoms. We suggest that CTS could be related with proinflammatory mechanism and antiapoptotic mechanism.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.153-164
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• 2021

Objectives: Despite the low cost and high accessibility of manual acupuncture (MA) treatments for the carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), this intervention has not been uniformly evaluated in systematic reviews (SR), and no SR has evaluated MA monotherapy for CTS. This review was conducted to summarize the findings and undertake a quality assessment of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture treatment methods for mild-to-moderate CTS to identify clinical evidence for the use of MA in CTS. Methods: We searched five databases for articles on relevant RCTs that were published until June 2021 without imposing specific restrictions, such as age or sex, on CTS patients. RCTs that evaluated MA were included without any restriction on comparator interventions. Measurement tools for evaluating pain reduction and functional improvement or for evaluating efficacy using electrophysiological indicators were included as outcome measures. Results: We included seven RCTs, of which three studies reported both post-treatment improvement effects and statistical significance using p-values for all outcomes. Five studies reported statistically significant intergroup differences (p-values for all outcomes) in posttreatment improvement. None of the studies reported severe adverse effects of MA. In all of the RCTs, the reporting rates of the 2c, 2a, and 6a items of STRICTA 2010 were 14%, 29%, and 29%, respectively. PC7 (Daereung) was used to treat CTS in all of the included studies. Conclusion: MA can be used for CTS treatment without serious adverse effects. PC7 was the most commonly used acupoint. In order to ensure objective and reliable reporting, accurate standardization of acupuncture treatment methods acupoint terms should be undertaken in future RCTs.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.99-107
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• 2021

Background: Pain and autonomic dysfunction are prominent symptoms in some patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Infrared thermography (IRT) has been used to evaluate CTS by measuring the cutaneous temperature and sympathetic vasomotor function. Methods: This study enrolled the 66 hands of 33 subjects, some of which had clinical CTS and the others were healthy. The enrolled patients completed the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) and Historical-Objective scale, and underwent nerve conduction studies (NCSs) and IRT. Skin temperature was measured at the fingertips and the thenar and hypothenar regions in each hand. We analyzed (1) the correlations between self-reported severity, physician-assessed severity, and test results, and (2) the sensitivity and specificity of IRT in diagnosing CTS. Results: No significant correlation was observed between the results of the BCTQ, NCS, and IRT. IRT had a low sensitivity and high specificity in diagnosing CTS. Conclusions: IRT cannot replace NCS in diagnosing CTS, nor did it provide an advantage in combination with NCS. However, lower temperatures at the median nerve in some hands with moderate-to-severe CTS suggested the involvement of sympathetic nerve fiber function. Follow-up studies with a larger-scale and complementary design are required to elucidate the relationships.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1217-1226
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to investigate fatigue crack behavior under shear(Mode II) loading. Various specimens and devices have been used in order to produce Mode II loading in fatigue experiments for shear crack propagation. But, there is not sufficient comparisons of experimental results between Mode II and others loading modes, because of characteristics of applied loads and specimens. So, compact tension shear(CTS) specimens were used in this paper to investigate the propagation behavior of Mode II by comparing the experimental results between loading modes. We firstly observed the characteristics which was showed in Mode II experiment using CTS specimens. The experimental results under Mode II loading were compared with fatigue crack behavior under Mode I and Mixed-mode I＋II loading. The characteristics for initiation and propagation behavior under Mode II loading was investigated by such comparisons.