• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2008

Purpose: The evaluation of SUV (Standardized Uptake Values) for quantitative analysis in PET exam is the most significant. In PET exam, we make attenuation correction images by using $^{68}Ge$, $^{137}Cs$ or CT data. At this time, a distorted attenuation map affects quantitative analysis. After the exam using barium-sulfate and high density of barium contrast make attenuation map distorted. And then it brings bed influences on SUV. The aim of this study is to verify the relationship between high density barium-sulfate and SUV in PET exam. Materials and Methods By using $^{18}F$-FDG, we made barium-sulfate powder, density of 0, 1.5, 3, 5, 10 and 15% respectively and acquired PET and PET/CT images per each density. And we examined SUV variations from PET and PET/CT images according to differences of barium's density. Moreover, we finally calculated SUV causing variations in HU (Hounsfield Units) values to justify whether the differences of barium density bring any changes in PET/CT exam. Results: From PET images acquired from transmission scan with $^{68}Ge$, we got SUV figures from 6.46 to 6.8 in barium density between 0 to 15 percent. On the other hand, In PET images acquired from Tx scan that using CT, SUV was 6.77 to 23.73, derived from the same barium density. And CT HU values range from 29 to 2004. Conclusion: PET images from Tx data using $^{68}Ge$ weren't affected by barium density and had no differences in SUV. But in the PET/CT images using CT Tx data, there's considerable variations in HU and SUV values according to a difference of barium density in HU values. To perform a precise examination, barium sulfate should be removed from a human body before performing a PET exam.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.77-80
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• 2022

Fistulas between the arteries and the gastrointestinal tract are rare but can be fatal. We present a case of an ilioenteric fistula between the left external iliac artery and sigmoid colon caused by radiotherapy for cervical cancer, which was treated with endovascular management using a stent graft. A 38-year-old woman underwent concurrent chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer recurrence. Approximately 9 months later, the patient suddenly developed hematochezia. On her first visit to the emergency room of our hospital, computed tomography (CT) images did not reveal extravasation of contrast media. However, 8 hours later, she revisited the emergency room because of massive hematochezia with a blood pressure of 40/20 mmHg and a heart rate of 150 beats per minute. At that time, CT images showed the presence of contrast media in almost the entire colon. The patient was referred to the angiography room at our hospital for emergency angiography. Inferior mesenteric arteriography did not reveal any source of bleeding. Pelvic arteriography showed contrast media extravasation from the left external iliac artery to the sigmoid colon; this was diagnosed as an ilioenteric fistula and treated with a stent graft. When the bleeding focus is not detected on visceral angiography despite massive arterial bleeding, pelvic arteriography is recommended, especially in patients with a history of pelvic surgery or radiotherapy.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 2014

Purpose : Intravenous contrast medium is a substance used to enhance the contrast of normal tissues or malignant tissues within the body. For this reason, intravenous contrast media have been extensively used form treatment-planning CT. However, when the patient is receiving proton therapy, there is no contrast medium in that moment. In this study, evaluate the influence of intravenous contrast medium on proton range and Spread-Out Bragg peak(SOBP) in Treatment Planning System(TPS). Materials and Methods : Hounsfield Unit(HU) value were measured by 20 liver cancer patients with phase change. and evaluate the proton range and SOBP on 5 liver proton treatment plan. By using the hand made water phantom measure the proton range and SOBP on proton treatment plan with changing HU and Depth. Results : Changing value(Pre contrast, Arterial phase, Portal phase) in liver cancer patient were ($58{\pm}5.7$, $75{\pm}9.5$, $117{\pm}14.6$ for liver tissue) and ($40{\pm}6.1$, $279{\pm}49.0$, $154{\pm}22.8$ for aorta), respectively. The mean difference of range was 2.5mm and SOBP was 1.4mm according to HU change. In phantom study, proton range was shorter and SOBP was narrowed with increasing HU. Conclusion : We verify that HU change lead to range and SOBP change in TPS. Additional study is required to verify that change of HU make range and SOBP be changed in actual substance.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 1993

The role of magnetic resonance(MR) imaging in the evaluation of thoracic disease has been limited Nontheless, MR has inherent properties of better contrast resolution than CT allowing tissue-specific diagnosis. MR has capability of direct imaging in sagittal, coronal, and oblique planes which provide better anatomic information than axial images of CT such as lesions in the pulmonary apex, aorticopulmonary window, peridiaphragmatic region, and subcarinal region. MR is sensitive to blood flow making it an ideal imaging modality for the evaluation of cardiovascular system of the thorax without the need for intravenous contrast media. Technical developments and better control of motion artifacts have resulted in improved image quality, and clinical applications of MR imaging in thoracic diseases have been expanded. Although MR imaging is considered as a problem-solving tool in patients with equivocal CT findings, MR should be used as the primary imaging modality in the following situations: 1) Evaluation of the cardiovascular abnormalities of the thorax 2) Evaluation of the superior sulcus tumors 3) Evaluation of the chest wall invasion or mediastinal invasion by tumor 4) Evaluation of the posterior mediastinal mass, especially neurogenic tumor 5) Differentiation of fibrosis and residual or recurrent tumor, especially in lymphoma 6) Evaluation of brachial plexopathy With technical developments and fast scan capabilities, clinical indications for MR imaging in thorax will increase in the area of pulmonary parenchymal and pulmonary vascular imaging.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2014

Purpose: Integrated PET/MRI has been developed recently has become a lot of help to the point oncologic, neological, cardiological nuclear medicine. By using this PET/MRI, a ${\mu}-map$ is created some special MRI sequence which may be divided parts of the body for attenuation correction. However, because an MRI contrast agent is necessary in order to obtain an more MRI information, we will evaluate to see an effect of SUV on PET image that corrected attenuation by MRI with contrast agent. Materials and Methods: As PET/MRI machine, Biograph mMR (Siemens, Germany) was used. For phantom test, 1mCi $^{18}F-FDG$ was injected in cylinderical uniformity phantom, and then acquire PET data about 10 minutes with VIBE-DIXON, UTE MRI sequence image for attenuation correction. T1 weighted contrast media, 4 cc DOTAREM (GUERBET, FRANCE) was injected in a same phatnom, and then PET data, MRI data were acquired by same methodes. Using this PET, non-contrast MRI and contrast MRI, it was reconstructed attenuation correction PET image, in which we evanuated the difference of SUVs. Additionally, for let a high desity of contrast media, 500 cc 2 plastic bottles were used. We injected $^{18}F-FDG$ with 5 cc DOTAREM in first bottle. At second bottle, only $^{18}F-FDG$ was injected. and then we evaluated a SUVs reconstructed by same methods. For clinical patient study, rectal caner-pancreas cancer patients were selected. we evaluated SUVs of PET image corrected attenuastion by contrast weighted MRI and non-contrast MRI. Results: For a phantom study, although VIBE DIXON MRI signal with contrast media is 433% higher than non-contrast media MRI, the signals intensity of ${\mu}-map$, attenuation corrected PET are same together. In case of high contrast media density, image distortion is appeared on ${\mu}-map$ and PET images. For clinical a patient study, VIBE DIXON MRI signal on lesion portion is increased in 495% by using DOTAREM. But there are no significant differences at ${\mu}-map$, non AC PET, AC-PET image whether using contrast media or not. In case of whole body PET/MRI study, %diff between contras and non contrast MRAC at lung, liver, renal cortex, femoral head, myocardium, bladder, muscle are -4.32%, -2.48%, -8.05%, -3.14%, 2.30%, 1.53%, 6.49% at each other. Conclusion: In integrated PET/MRI, a segmentation ${\mu}-map$ method is used for correcting attenuation of PET signal. although MRI signal for attenuation correciton change by using contrast media, ${\mu}-map$ will not change, and then MRAC PET signal will not change too. Therefore, MRI contrast media dose not affect for attenuation correction PET. As well, not only When we make a flow of PET/MRI protocol, order of PET and MRI sequence dose not matter, but It's possible to compare PET images before and after contrast agent injection.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2006

Purpose: To study effectiveness of heterogeneity correction of internal-body inhomogeneities and patient positioning immobilizers in dose calculation, using images obtained from CT-Simulator. Materials and Methods: A water phantom($250{\times}250{\times}250mm^3$) was fabricated and, to simulate various inhomogeneity, 1) bone 2) metal 3) contrast media 4) immobilization devices(Head holder/pillow/Vac-lok) were inserted in it. And then, CT scans were peformed. The CT-images were input to Radiation Treatment Planning System(RTPS) and the MUs, to give 100 cGy at 10 cm depth with isocentric standard setup(Field Size=$10{\times}10cm^2$, SAD=100 cm), were calculated for various energies(4, 6, 10 MV X-ray). The calculated MUs based on various CT-images of inhomogeneities were compared and analyzed. Results: Heterogeneity correction factors were compared for different materials. The correction factors were $2.7{\sim}5.3%$ for bone, $2.7{\sim}3.8%$ for metal materials, $0.9{\sim}2.3%$ for contrast media, $0.9{\sim}2.3%$ for Head-holder, $3.5{\sim}6.9%$ for Head holder+pillow, and $0.9{\sim}1.5%$ for Vac-lok. Conclusion: It is revealed that the heterogeneity correction factor calculated from internal-body inhomogeneities have various values and have no consistency. and with increasing number of beam ports, the differences can be reduced to under 1%, so, it can be disregarded. On the other hand, heterogeneity correction from immobilizers must be regarded enough to minimize inaccuracy of dose calculation.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2007

Drug eruption is a cutaneous reaction caused by various drugs. It is a very common drug induced adverse reaction. Contrast media induced drug eruption is rare. But approximately 10% of people injected with contrast media experience adverse reaction, and drug eruption accounts for more than 40% of all adverse reactions. We report a case of mild drug eruption and its treatment process based on korean traditional medicine. The patient is a 50 years old female diagnosed with functional dyspepsia. The patient had gastric discomfort and alternation between diarrhea and constipation. All symptoms showed nearly complete remission with continued korean traditional medical treatment. The patient had been injected with contrast media for Computed tomography(CT) evaluation of her breast cancer history. Rashes appeared on back and abdomen, and urticaria and pruritus appeared on the patient's finger 1 day after injection. We prescribed Goreisan(TSUMURA CO &, TJ-17) and acupuncture on Quchi(LI11), Zusanli(ST36), Yangxi(LI5), Yanggu(SI5). Consequently, the drug eruption showed remarkable improvement. So the author reports korean traditional medicine is effective complementary treatment for drug eruption.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 2023

Unstandardized medical data collection and management are still being conducted manually, and studies are being conducted to classify CT data using deep learning to solve this problem. However, most studies are developing models based only on the axial plane, which is a basic CT slice. Because CT images depict only human structures unlike general images, reconstructing CT scans alone can provide richer physical features. This study seeks to find ways to achieve higher performance through various methods of converting CT scan to 2D as well as axial planes. The training used 1042 CT scans from five body parts and collected 179 test sets and 448 with external datasets for model evaluation. To develop a deep learning model, we used InceptionResNetV2 pre-trained with ImageNet as a backbone and re-trained the entire layer of the model. As a result of the experiment, the reconstruction data model achieved 99.33% in body part classification, 1.12% higher than the axial model, and the axial model was higher only in brain and neck in contrast classification. In conclusion, it was possible to achieve more accurate performance when learning with data that shows better anatomical features than when trained with axial slice alone.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.159-162
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• 2021

A 5-year-old, intact male, poodle dog with right external auditory canal obstruction and subaural mass was presented. Physical examination revealed that right external auditory canal opening was absent and right head tilt was identified. Aspiration in right subaural mass revealed a small amount of dark brown exudate. Streptococcus canis and Staphylococcus spp. were identified on the microbial culture. Radiography of the skull was revealed absence of air-filled ear canal at the right external ear canal (EEC) level. Computed tomography (CT) revealed well capsulated, hypoattenuated mass in the right EEC region. On the contrast enhanced CT images, rim enhancement around the mass and ear canal obstruction were identified. Fluid attenuated material filled with right bulla. Mild thickening of the right tympanic bulla wall with mild lytic lesion of the ventral wall were found. Based on the images findings, the case was tentatively diagnosed as right external auditory canal atresia with otitis media. Total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy was performed. The entire ear canal was removed, numerous hair in the canal and the thickening wall were founded. Right ear canal was sent for histopathological evaluation and found to otitis externa. The patient was followed up for two weeks and there were no complications. This report described the CT diagnosis of right EEC atresia with otitis media rarely reported in small breed dogs.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.138-150
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• 2004

Objectives : Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a geriatric dementia that is widespread in old age. In the near future AD will be the biggest problem in public health service. Although a variety of oriental prescriptions, including Sesim-tang, have been traditionally utilized for the treatment of AD, their pharmacological effects and action mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. The present study investigated the effects of Sesim-tang on apoptotic cell death induced by CT105 (carboxy terminal 105 amino acid peptide fragment of APP) overexpression in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cell lines. Methods: We studied the regenerative and inhibitory effects on Alzheimer's disease in CT105-induced SK-N-SH cell lines by Sesim-tang water extract. We examined for cell morphological pattern, DNA fragmentation, LDH activity assay, zymography assay, and immunohistochemistric analysis. Additionally, we investigated the association between the CT105 and neurite degeneration caused by CT105-induced apoptotic response in neurone cells. Results: Findings from our experiments have shown that Sesim-tang inhibits the synthesis or activities of CT105, which has neurotoxicities and apoptotic activities in the cell line. In addition, pretreatment with Sesim-tang ($>50\mu\textrm{g}/ml$ for 12 hours) partially prevented CT105-induced cytotoxicity in SK-N-SH cell lines. SK-N-SH cell lines overexpressed with CT105 exhibited remarkable apoptotic cell damage. Based on morphological observations by phase-contrast microscope and LDH activity measurements in the culture media, the CT105-induced cell death was significantly inhibited by Sesim-tang water extract. Sesim-tang was found to reduce the expression of APP and caspase-3 induced by CT105 in SK-N-SH cell lines and in rat hippocampus. Conclusions: As the result of this study, in the Sesim-tang group, apoptosis in the nervous system is inhibited, the repair against the degeneration of SK-N-SH cell lines by CT105 expression is promoted. Hence, Sesim-tang may be beneficial for the treatment of AD.