• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.101-112
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• 2014

Purpose - Recently, although corporate social responsibility activities have been increasing in size, they do not have to achieve qualitative improvements and can be passive and cost consuming. Therefore, companies should make quantitative as well as qualitative improvements in their efforts in corporate social responsibility activities. In this study, the classification of social responsibility activities in a variety of studies was analyzed through a more specific path than in previous studies. Corporate behavior image, social behavior image, and corporate contributions image were analyzed through a more detailed analysis of performance. This study suggests that more detailed and concentrated social responsibility activities be pursued by forming companies. Research design, data, and methodology - The purpose of study is to gauge the corporate need for a more intensive, specific area of CSR activities. For this purpose, the sample of consumers that were targeted for CSR activities, recognized as 261 persons, have been investigated. Through a theoretical discussion on previous research, nine hypotheses were established on corporate image, the influence of corporate performance on CSR, and the CSV regulation effect. In order to test the hypothesis, a survey was conducted on 261 male and female consumers who were targeted for CSR, being persons in their 20s to 40s. PASW Statistics 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 were used for statistical analysis. Results - Corporate behavior image was formed through legal responsibility activities and economic responsibility activities. In addition to economic responsibilities, ethical responsibilities and environmental responsibilities were confirmed to have influence on social behavior image. Corporate social responsibility and philanthropic responsibility were confirmed to have influence on economic contribution image. Corporate image has positive effects on brand attitude, corporate reputation, and corporate competition. In addition, when CSV awareness is high, consumers perceive corporate image only through economic responsibility. However, when CSV awareness is low, economic responsibility as well as legal responsibility through charitable activities form the corporate image that influences the brand attitude and corporate reputation, as well as corporate competitiveness. It would appear that the area of corporate social responsibility needs more intensive management for corporate image and corporate competitive advantage. Conclusion - First, the findings of this study show that each CSR activity has a different effect on corporate image and thus, the corporate image influences corporate performance in distinct ways, depending on the CSR activity. This implies that reactive strategies should be tailored to the required image. Second, there is a difference in CSV awareness between groups. When the CSV awareness is low, we can confirm that legal responsibility activities have an especially significant effect on corporate image, implying that corporations should pursue their economic objectives within legal regulations and need to invest significant time and effort for this. This study has limited generalization potential because the result of the model fit has insufficient reference value. In future research, we need to approach various dimensions of corporate performance.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.248-254
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• 2009

[ $TGF-{\beta}1$ ]is well known to induce Ig germ-line ${\alpha}$ ($GL{\alpha}$) transcription and subsequent IgA isotype class switching recombination (CSR). Homeodomain protein TG-interacting factor (TGIF) and E3-ubiquitin ligases TGIF interacting ubiquitin ligase 1 (Tiul1) are implicated in the negative regulation of $TGF-{\beta}$ signaling. In the present study, we investigated the roles of Tiul1 and TGIF in $TGF{\beta}1$-induced IgA CSR. We found that over-expression of Tiul1 decreased $TGF{\beta}1$-induced $GL{\alpha}$ promoter activity and strengthened the inhibitory effect of Smad7 on the promoter activity. Likewise, overexpression of TGIF also diminished $GL{\alpha}$ promoter activity and further strengthened the inhibitory effect of Tiul1, suggesting that Tiul1 and TGIF can down-regulate $TGF{\beta}1$-induced $GL{\alpha}$ expression. In parallel, overexpression of Tiul1 decreased the expression of endogenous IgA CSR-predicitive transcripts ($GLT_{\alpha},\;PST_{\alpha},\;and\;CT_{\alpha}$) and $TGF{\beta}1$-induced IgA secretion, but not $GLT_{\gamma3}$ and IgG3 secretion. Here, over-expressed TGIF further strengthened the inhibitory effect of Tiul1. These results suggest that Tiul1 and TGIF act as negatively regulators in $TGF{\beta}1$-induced IgA isotype expression.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.13-34
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• 2018

In this case, research has been conducted to verify that the purpose of establishing a reputation for establishing a reputation for identifying brand equity is research and investigation in the context of establishing a reputation for establishing a reputation, and conducting research on CSR activities that are essential to the essential activities of companies. The survey conducted a survey on behalf of the National Center for Adult Women and Girls and Girls ' Generation, using the final round of Section 305 to develop a series of findings, including the analysis of the feasibility analysis, feasibility analysis, reliability, correlation analysis, and factors analysis. A summary of the effects of research on corporate reputation on corporate reputation according to corporate CSR activities is as follows. 1st. Brand equity will have a positive effect on the Company's reputation. The hypothesis had a significant impact on brand recognition, brand loyalty, and perceived quality, but did not have significant impact on the brand image. 2st. Brand equity will have a positive effect on ethical responsibility. The hypothesis had a significant impact on brand recognition, brand loyalty, and perceived quality, but did not have significant impact on the brand image. 3st, the brand equity will have a positive effect on the benefit of the benevolent. The hypothesis had a significant impact on brand recognition, brand loyalty, and perceived quality, but did not have significant impact on the brand image. 4st, The theory that the influence of positive(+) will affect the company's reputation has a significant impact on both ethical and philanthropic factors. 5st. The ethical responsibility was found to have no effect on the usefulness of the brand between brand assets and corporate reputation. 6st. The philanthropic responsibility was partly attributable to the fact that there was a substitution between brand equity and corporate reputation. In sum, the company needs to prioritize its brand recognition before establishing its reputation, and the reason why it should be implemented is that the other elements of the brand equity should be evaluated with the presence of other elements of the brand equity, thereby ensuring continued compliance with continuous CSR activities. As a result, consumers expect to see the performance-based role of the company as a strategic and long-term perspective, as consumers want to see the CSR activity and the corporate reputation in a long-term manner, as opposed to the financial responsibility and legal responsibilities of the past, as opposed to the past.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.172-180
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• 2024

Since the beginning of 2015, corporate social responsibility (CSR) models have been changing in connection with the trend towards the transition of joint value creation of corporate activities and consideration of stakeholders' interests. The purpose of the academic paper lies in empirically studying the current practice of social responsibility of transnational corporations (TNCs). The research methodology has combined the method of qualitative analysis, the method of cases of agricultural holdings in emerging markets within the framework of resource theory, institutional theory and stakeholders' theory. The results show that the practice of CSR is integrated into the strategy of sustainable development of TNCs, which determine the methods, techniques and forms of communication, as well as areas of stakeholders' responsibility. The internal practice of CSR is aimed at developing norms and standards of moral behaviour with stakeholders in order to maximize economic and social goals. Economic goals are focused not only on making a profit, but also on minimizing costs due to the potential risks of corruption, fraud, conflict of interest. The system of corporate social responsibility of modern TNCs is clearly regulated by internal documents that define the list of interested parties and stakeholders, their areas of responsibility, greatly simplifying the processes of cooperation and responsibility. As a result, corporations form their own internal institutional environment. Ethical norms help to avoid the risks of opportunistic behaviour of personnel, conflicts of interest, cases of bribery, corruption, and fraud. The theoretical value of the research lies in supplementing the theory of CSR in the context of the importance of a complex, systematic approach to integrating the theory of resources, institutional theory, theory of stakeholders in the development of strategies for sustainable development of TNCs, the practice of corporate governance and social responsibility.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.131-135
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• 2004

Oral supplementation with potassium permanganate (30, 50 and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$) to fifth instar larvae of the ${CSR_2}{\times}{CSR_4}$ race of the silkworm, B. mori resulted in a significant increase in the glycogen content of the fat body and haemolymph trehalose. The protein content of the fat body is also significantly increased in all the potassium permanganate treated groups where as that of the haemolymph is significantly increased only in the 30 ${\mu}g4 fed group. The total lipids content of the fat body increased significantly in all the potassium permanganate treated groups. This indicates that the potassium permanganate may stimulate metabolic activity, there by influencing the biochemical contents in the fat body and haemolymph of the silkworm, B. mori.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.8
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• pp.113-121
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• 2014

Purpose - Recently, the number of corporations that practice environmental and social responsibility, besides engaging in traditional profit-seeking activities, has been growing steadily, as interest in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is increasing. Recent research on CSR practices has identified the relationship between CSR activities and corporate value as one of the main issues in this respect. Considering that donations constitute a large proportion of a company's charitable activities, we considered the extent of donation expenses as a charitable activity in order to mitigate sample selection bias. Specifically, we analyzed the impact of donation expenses on firm value, while investigating if this impact varied in response to the level of corporate governance of firms. Research design, data, and methodology - We used non-financial firms listed on the Korean Stock Exchange, having their fiscal year end in December, and the sample period was 2006-2013. For the dependent variable, Tobin's q was used as the corporate value, and for the independent variable, donations were measured as the donation-expense-to-sales ratio. Corporate governance scores, as rated by the Korea Corporate Governance Service, were used to measure corporate governance levels because they consider the overall aspects of governance, including ownership structure, the board of directors, and the audit mechanism of individual companies. To examine the impact of donations on a company in relation to the level of corporate governance, we estimated regression models using the interaction terms of the governance dummy and donation variables. Then, we further estimated the regression models of two sub-samples that were classified according to the level of corporate governance. Similar to previous studies, the study uses variables that affect firm value, such as R&D expenditure, advertising expenses, EBITDA, debt-to-equity ratio, sales growth, company age, and company size as control variables. Results - The empirical results show that firm value significantly increased in response to an increase in donation expenses. Upon including the interaction terms of governance level dummy variables and donations, the coefficients of the interaction terms show significant positive values, while those of donation variables show significant negative values. In the strong governance sub-sample, the relationship between the donation expenses and corporate value was statistically positive (+) and significant. However, in the weak governance sub-sample, the relationship between the donation expenses and corporate value was statistically insignificant and negative (-). Conclusions - The empirical results suggest that donation expenses are significantly linked to an enhanced corporate value if firms have a good corporate governance structure. However, if the corporate governance structure is weak, the same relationship is not necessarily observed. The results of this study show that if a firm has high corporate governance, CSR practices enhance the company's reputation such that it has a positive (+) relationship with corporate value. If a firm has weak corporate governance, on the other hand, CSR practices are recognized as an agency cost and do not increase corporate value.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.42 no.8 s.338
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• pp.35-42
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• 2005

This paper describes novel flip-flops with improved robustness and reduced power consumption. Variable sampling window flip-flop (VSWFF) adjusts the width of the sampling window according to input data, providing robust data latching as well as shorter hold time. The flip-flop also reduces power consumption for higher input switching activities as compared to the conventional low-power flip-flop. Clock swing-reduced variable sampling window flip-flop (CSR-VSWFF) reduces clock power consumption by allowing the use of a small swing clock. Unlike conventional reduced clock swing flip-flops, it requires no additional voltage higher than the supply voltage, eliminating design overhead related to the generation and distribution of this voltage. Simulation results indicate that the proposed flip-flops provide uniform latency for narrower sampling window and improved power-delay product as compared to conventional flip-flops. To evaluate the performance of the proposed flip-flops, test structures were designed and implemented in a $0.3\mu m$ CMOS process technology. Experimental result indicates that VSWFF yields power reduction for the maximum input switching activity, and a synchronous counter designed with CSR-VSWFF improves performance in terms of power consumption with no use of extra voltage higher than the supply voltage.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.29-36
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• 2003

Phytoecdysteroids with moulting hormone (MH) activity induce different responses in silkworms when used on different day of final instar, which can be manipulated for maximum benefit like early and uniform spinning behaviour, reducing crop loss and to increase cocoon yield. The results showed that application of this hormone on seed crop viz., CSR2, CSR4 and BL44 and BL67 in early stage of 5$^{th}$ instar i.e., at 72 hrs and 96 hrs though induced early and uniform spinning behaviour, there was an adverse effect by 9-36% on the economic characters like cocoon yield, cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight and also on fecundity etc. Application of this hormone in late stage of $5^th$ instar i.e., at the onset of spinning showed non-significant variations in some of the characters like cocoon weight, cocoon shell weight, cocoon shell ratio and fecundity. The physiological implications of phytoecdysteroid in hastening the maturation events and synchronization of spinning activities in different breeds are discussed.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.205-224
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• 2009

Social responsibility which a corporation should be aware of is increasing as it plays a more important role in society. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was taken by some huge entrepreneurs in the past. Conversely, CSR is prized one of important business activities for every corporate nowadays. Cause-related marketing draws particularly special attention among various CSRs, because it has a direct and positive effect on purchasing behavior. Marketing activity of Amway Korea is an excellent example of the cause-related marketing in Korea. Mid 2000s, some multilevel marketing firms had evaded the law, customer had negative attitude towards Amway Korea. Amway Korea, however, has overcome the difficulties by cause-related marketing, which is called campaign for Nutrilite's kid health. Present case examines the cause-related marketing, which Amway Korea has been doing for 10 years. Especially, we investigate specific factors, which differentiated CSR of Amway Korea from one of other firms. Lastly, we discuss a future action for Amway Korea's cause-related marketing and implications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.313-313
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• 2022

The Smilacis chinae Radix refers to the root of Smilax chinae L distributed in mountain and filed of Korea, and it is a vine shrub in the Lilaceae family, called Berchemia berchemiaefolia, and is referred to as Smilacis chinae Radix in it's a natural medicine name. Antibacterial, inflammatory, and antioxidant activity were studied in Smilacis chinae Radix. In this study, biological activities such as antioxidant (DPPH, ABTs, TPC), cytotoxicity, wrinkle improvement, and whitening improvement to increase the utilization value of Smilacis chinae Radix and identify the botanical value. Therefore, we tried to explore the applicability of Smilacis chinae Radix as a functional cosmetic material. Smilacis chinae Radix (SCR) was dried and extracted with ethanol. In order to measure the biological activity of the SCR, antioxidant activity, inhibition activities of collagenase, tyrosinase and cell viability were measured. The DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity in the extract with a concentration of 400㎍/mL is 91.22% ± 0.41%%. ABTs (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity in the extract with a concentration of 400㎍/mL is 99.60% ± 0.03%. Total polyphenol contents (TPC) are 0.203 ± 0.05 mg GAE/mg Ext when SCR was lmg/mL. And the Cell viability for HaCaT derived human keratinocyte and Raw264.7, a mouse-derived macrophage was determined using the MTT assay. When cell was treated with 100㎍/mL of SCR, HaCaT cell showed cell viability of 78.09 ± 0.1% and Raw264.7 cell showed cell viability of 91.88 ± 0.42%. From the above results, we have shown the possibility that the CSR have antioxidant ability, inhibition activity of collagenase and tyrosinase and cell safety ability which can be useful in a functional cosmetic material.