• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1993.04a
• /
• pp.68-68
• /
• 1993

대상환자는 15예로, 14예에서 평가 가능하였다. 남녀비는 8:6, 중앙연령 32세(10-70세)이었고, 대상질환은 악성골육종 7예, 악성임파종 2예, 위암2예, 폐암 2예, 그리고 자궁악성육종 1예였다. CSF 50 ug/$m^2$ 3예, 100 ug/$m^2$ 3예,150 ug/$m^2$ 3예, 250 ug/$m^2$ 3예, 350 ug/$m^2$ 3예, 500 ug/$m^2$ 6예, 700 ug/$m^2$ 용량 3예에서 시행되었다. 1주기 시행한 환자는 7예, 2주기 5예, 3주기, 4주기 각각 1예씩이었다. 부작용은 50-150ug/$m^2$에서 WHO grade I의 발열, 전신쇠약, 식욕부진등이 관찰되었으나 grade II이상의 부작용은 없었다. 250 ug/$m^2$ 이상의 용량에서도 grade II의 발열이 관찰되었을 뿐 다른 중증의 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 최고용량인 700 ug/$m^2$ 에서도 grade II의 발열 외의 중한 부작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 각 용량에 따른 백혈구 증가율(%투여제2일/투여제1일)은 130-500% 이었다. 시행된 약동태는 CSF 투여 2-4 시간후 최고치 (0,42-15.4 ng/ml)를 나타내고 투여 12시간까지 0.2-2 ng/ml의 농도로 지속되었다. 소변내 CSF 배설량은 총투여량의 1% 미만이었다. CSF 중화항체는 전예에서 검출되지 않았다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.197-206
• /
• 2006

In March 2003, classical swine fever (CSF) infection was reported in a piggery located at Iksan city, Jeollabuk-do in Korea. Subsequently, a total of 72 infected farms were confirmed between March and December, 2003. Based on epidemiological investigation of the earlier confirmed infected farms, the source of infection was shown to be from a breeding farm. Targeted surveillance of 82 piggeries that had acquired pigs from this breeding farm showed 44 piggeries were infected with CSF virus. CSF virus was introduced into this breeding farm by movement of selected breeder pigs from its 12 contracted farms which were located in areas that had been affected by CSF epidemic in late 2002. CSF had then spread through out the country mainly by direct transmission through the sale and movement of pigs from this breeding farm. Consequently, 47 (62%) among 72 CSF affected farms were associated, directly and indirectly, with this breeding farm. This study showed that inadequate control for breeding farms and transport restriction in CSF outbreak areas resulted in the nationwide spread of CSF and the failure of the eradication campaign that has been underway for several years by the Korean animal hygiene authority as well as the fanners. Improvements of control policy through further research of the 2003 CSF epidemic will be needed to reestablish the Korean CSF eradication program in the future.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.169-173
• /
• 1997

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea usually occurs as a result of trauma including operation. Unheated CSF rhinorrhea may induce major morbidity such as meningitis and brain abscess, etc. This paper presents a review of four cases of traumatic CSF rhinorrhea Sites of CSF leakage were easily found out by intrathecal fluorescent dye injection. Surgery was performed by external ethmoidectomy approach and dural tear and bone defect was repaired with abdominal fat and free mucosal graft taken from amputated middle turbinates. We conclude that repair using free fat and mucosal graft via external ethmoidectomy approach could be accepted as the intial method of CSF rhinorrhea management.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.2395-2402
• /
• 2013

An active-RC channel selection filter (CSF) with the bandwidth of 40MHz and the improved linearity is proposed in this paper. The proposed CSF is the fifth butterworth filter which consists of a first order low pass filter, two second order low pass filters of a biquad architecture, and DC feedback circuit for cancellation of DC offset. To improve the linearity of the CSF, a body node of a MOSFET for a switch is connected to its source node. The bandwidth of the designed CSF is selected to be 10MHz, 20MHz and 40MHz and its voltage gain is controlled by 6 dB from 0 dB to 24 dB. The proposed CSF is designed by using 40nm 1-poly 8-metal CMOS process with a 1.2V. When the designed CSF operates at the bandwidth of 40 MHz and voltage gain of 0 dB, the simulation results of OIP3, in-band ripple, and IRN are 31.33dBm, 1.046dB, and 39.81nV/sqrt(Hz), respectively. The power consumption and layout area are $450{\times}210{\mu}m^2$ and 6.71mW.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 2001

Objective: Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors known to be secreted in murine and human reproductive tract. The development of human, bovine and murine embryos could be promoted by addition of GM-CSF in culture medium. However, the pregnancy and implantation rate of embryos cultured in GM-CSF have not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of GM-CSF in embryo development, pregnancy and implantation rate. Methods: A total of 191 IVF cycles were divided into control and GM-CSF supplement group (control=96, GM-CSF=95). The embryos were cultured for three day with or without 2 ng/ml of recombinant human GM-CSF. The quality of embryo, developmental velocity, pregnancy and implantation rates were compared. Results: There was no difference in age, number of gonadotropin ampules used, number of oocytes and fertilization. The number of ICSI cycle was higher in GM-CSF group. In GM-CSF group, G-1 grade embryos were the highest in proportion (56.4%), while G-2 grade embryos were highest (44.3%) in control group. The developmental velocity of embryos were not different between GM-CSF and control group. The pregnancy and implantation rates were significantly higher in GM-CSF group than control (47.4% vs. 33.3%, 17.0% vs. 11.1% respectively). Conclusion: By adding GM-CSF in culture medium, the quality of embryo, pregnancy and implantation rate could be improved.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.252-256
• /
• 2000

A thymic stromal cell line, TFGD, was established from a thymic tumor mass developed spontaneously in p53 knock out mouse, and was found to produce cytokines that could induce bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to differentiate into macrophages. The cytokines produced by the TFGD line were assessed by immunoassays. High level of macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-6 was detected in the TFGD-culture supernatant, whereas granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, or interferon (IFN)-$\gamma$ was undetectable. Blocking experiments showed that anti-M-CSF monoclonal antibody could neutralize the differentiation-inducing activity shown by the TFGD-culture supernatant. Dot blot analysis of the total RNA isolated from the cultured fetal thymic stromal cells showed that M-CSF transcripts were expressed in the normal thymus. These observations, together with the earlier finding that M-CSF plus IL-6 is the optimal combination of cytokines for the induction of macrophage differentiation from HSCs in vitro, may indicate that thymic macrophages could be generated within the thymus by cytokines involving M-CSF.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
• /
• 1996.11a
• /
• pp.99-113
• /
• 1996

Taurine, a ${\beta}$-amino acid, plays an important role as a neuromodulator and is necessary for the normal development of the brain. Since de novo synthesis of taurine in the brain is minimal and in vivo studies suggest that taurine does not cross the blood-brain barrier, the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier is likely to play a role in taurine transport between the central nervous system and the systemic circulation. Therefore, we examined in vivo elimination of taurine from the CSF in the rat to characterize in vivo kinetics of elimination for taurine from the CSF is consistent with the in vitro study. Using a stereotaxic device, cannulaes were placed into the lateral ventricle and the cisterna magna of the rat. Radio-labelled taurine and inulin (a marker of CSF flow) were injected into the lateral ventricle, and the concentrations of the labelled compounds in the CSF were monitored for up to 3 hrs in the cisterna magna. The apparent clearance of taurine from CSF was greater than the estimated CSF flow (p<0.005), indicating that there is a clearance process in addition to the CSF flow. Taurine distribution into the choroid plexus was at least 10 fold higher than that found in other brain areas (e.g., cerebellum, olfactory bulb and cortex). When unlabelled taurine was co-administered with radio-labelled taurine, the apparent clearance of the labeled taurine was reduced (p<0.01), suggesting a saturable disposition of taurine from CSF. Distribution of taurine into the choroid plexus, cerebellum, olfactory bulb and cortex was similarly diminished, indicating that the saturable uptake of taurine into these tissues is responsible for the non-linear disposition. A pharmacokinetic model involving first order elimination and saturable distribution described these data adequately. The Michaelis-Menten rate constant estimated from in vivo elimination study is similar to that obtained in the in vitro uptake experiment Collectively, our results demonstrate that taurine is transported in the choroid plexus via a taurine is cleared from the CSF via a saturable process. This process may be functionally relevant to taurine homeostasis in the brain.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.66 no.6
• /
• pp.444-450
• /
• 2009

Background: Biomarkers for cancer have several potential clinical uses, including the following: early cancer detection, monitoring for recurrence prognostication, and risk stratification. However, no biomarker has been shown to have adequate sensitivity and specificity. Many investigators have tried to validate biomarkers for the early detection and recurrence of lung cancer. To evaluate plasma G-CSF as such a biomarker, protein levels were measured and were found to correlate with the clinicopathological features of primary lung tumors. Methods: Between December 2006 and May 2008, 100 patients with histologically-validated primary lung cancer were enrolled into this study. To serve as controls, 127 healthy volunteers were enrolled into this study. Plasma G-CSF levels were measured in lung cancer patients using the sandwich ELISA system (R & D inc.) prior to treatment. Results: The mean plasma G-CSF levels were 12.2$\pm$0.3 pg/mL and 46.0$\pm$3.8 pg/mL (mean$\pm$SE) in the normal and in the cancer groups, respectively. In addition, plasma G-CSF levels were higher in patients with early lung cancer than in healthy volunteers (p<.001). Plasma G-CSF levels were higher in patients who were under 65 years old or smokers. Within the cancer group, plasma G-CSF levels were higher in patients with non small cell lung cancer than in patients with small cell lung cancer (p<.05). Overall, plasma G-CSF levels were shown to increase dependent upon the type of lung cancer diagnsosed. In the order from highest to lowest, the levels of plasma G-CSF tended to decrease in the following order: large cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and bronchioloalveolar carcinoma. Plasma G-CSF levels tended to be higher in patients with advanced TNM stage than in localized TNM stage (I, II

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.248-256
• /
• 2009

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if human PDL cells can produce osteoclastogenic mRNA and examine how compressive stress affects the expression of osteoclastogenic mRNA in human PDL cells. Methods: Human PDL cells were obtained from biscupids extracted for orthodontic treatment. The compressive force was adjusted by increasing the number of cover glasses. PDL cells were subjected to a compressive force of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 or $4.0\;g/cm^2$ for 0.5, 1.5, 6, 24 or 48 hours. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed to examine levels of M-CSF, IL-$1{\beta}$, RANKL, OPG mRNA expression. Results: Human PDL cells could produce M-CSF mRNA. Human PDL cells under compressive stress showed increased M-CSF, IL-$1{\beta}$ and RANKL mRNAs expression in a force (up to $2\;g/cm^2$) and time-dependent manner. However, OPG mRNA expression was constant regardless of the level and duration of stress. Conclusions: Continuous compressive stress induced the mRNA expression of osteoclastogenic cytokines including M-CSF, RANKL, IL-$1{\beta}$ in PDL cells. Together with an unchanged OPG mRNA level, these results suggest that compressive stress-induced osteoclastogenesis in vivo is partly controlled by M-CSF, RANKL and IL-$1{\beta}$ expression in PDL cells.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.313-319
• /
• 2005

The effects of various carbon sources on the secretion of hGM-CSF, total protein and protease into the medium were investigated in transgenic tobacco cells. The dry cell weight (11.2 g/L) and wet cell weight (310.8 g/L) were highest at 30 g/L glucose after 5-day culture but, the dry cell weight (13.4 g/L) and wet cell weight (480 g/L) were highest at 30 g/L sucrose after 10-day culture. The total protein (110.3 mg/L), protease activity (3950 U/L) and total secreted hGM-CSF (56 mg/L) were highest at 30 g/L sucrose after 10-day culture. Stabilization of the total secreted protein and hGM-CSF in various carbon source concentrations was determined. Total secreted protein was most stabilized in the medium containing sucrose. However, the loss of the total protein was increased with the concentrations of high level in medium containing sorbitol, mannitol, fructose, and glucose. hGM-CSF was more stabilized in the medium containing sucrose than in the medium containing sorbitol, mannitol, fructose, glucose.