• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.747-757
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• 2000

Cyclosporin A(CsA) is an immunosuppressive agent widely used for preventing graft rejecting response in organ transplantation. The basic properties of CsA to osteoblast has not been well known yet. A better understanding of the mechanisms of CsA function on bone could provide valuable information regarding basic properties of bone remodeling, pharmacotherapeutic intervention in metabolic bone disease, and the consequences of immunosuppression in bone physiology. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of CsA on osteoblast by evaluating parameters of proliferation, collagen synthetic activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and ALP mRNA expression in mouse calvarial cell. 1. CsA ($3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) treated mouse calvarial cell showed statistically significant increase in cell proliferation.(P<0.05) 2. CsA($1,\; 3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) treated MC3T3 cell line showed statistically significant increase in cell proliferation. 3. The amount of collagen of CsA($3{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) treated mouse calvarial cell was decreased statistically significantly. 4. Alkaline phosphatase activity was increased statistically significantly in CsA treated group($1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). 5. mRNA expression of ALP was increased in CsA treated group These results suggest that CsA could affect bone remodeling by modulating proliferation & differentiation of osteoblast.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.445-453
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• 2006

Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a powerful immunosuppresive agent used to prevent graft rejection of organ and treat autoimmune disease. One of the major side effects associated with CsA treatment is the development of gingival overgrowth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mRNA expression and association of the several growth factors in gingival overgrowth induced by CsA, respectively. Gingival fibroblasts were obtained from gingival tissues of healthy donor and the patients treated with CsA. The cultured gingival fibroblasts were incubated with increasing concentrations of CsA for 24 hours, and the expression of MMP-1, TIMP-1, $TGF-{\beta}_1$, p21 were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The expressions of MMP-1 was slightly increased according to the concentration of treated CsA, but there was no statistical significance. TIMP-1 showed the increased expression at the CsA concentration of 250 and 500 ng/ml and significantly decreased at the CsA concentration of 750ng/ml. $TGF-{\beta}_1$ showed the increased expression at the CsA concentration of 500 and 750 ng/ml. The expression of p21 was not changed significantly. We concluded that the gingival hyperplasia induced by CsA was more related with $TGF-{\beta}_1$ than MMP-1 or TIMP-1 on gingival collagen metabolism in patients treated with CsA.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.142-147
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• 2015

Two new chitosan derivatives, polyamine grafted chitosan copolymers have been synthesized for corrosion protection of carbon steel in acidic medium. First, methyl acrylate graft chitosan copolymer (CS-MAA) was prepared by the reaction of chitosan (CS) and methyl acrylate (MAA) via the Michael addition reaction. Then, CS-MAA was reacted with ethylene diamine (EN) and triethylene tetramine (TN) respectively to synthesize ethylene diamine grafted chitosan copolymer (CS-MAA-EN) and triethylene tetramine grafted chitosan copolymer (CS-MAA-TN), and the structures were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). At last, the corrosion inhibition activities on Q235 carbon steel were investigated by using gravimetric measurements, metallographic microscope, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The compounds CS-MAA-EN and CS-MAA-TN show an appreciable corrosion inhibition property against corrosion of Q235 carbon steel in 5% HCl solution at $25^{\circ}C$. It has been observed that CS-MAA-EN shows greater corrosion inhibition efficiency than CS-MAA-TN. The inhibition efficiency of CS-MAA-EN was close to 90% when the mass fraction concentration was 0.2%~0.3%; the inhibition efficiency of CS-MAA-TN was close to 85% when the mass fraction concentration was 0.02%. The present work provided very promising results in the preparation of green corrosion inhibitors.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

It is necessary to decide the pumping rate and pumping well location together with the capture zone in order to determine an appropriate groundwater remediation strategy to manage the contaminated groundwater. The relationship between the capture zone and the drawdown radius of influence ($ROI_s$) was considered. $ROI_{cs}$ is defined as the distance where the criteria of drawdown is cs meter from pumping well in this paper. A method to decide the required pumping rate for the remediation of contaminated groundwater in order to create appropriate $ROI_{cs}$ is suggested by using the Theis equation (1935) and Cooper-Jacob equation (1946). It was shown in this study that $ROI_{cs}$ is in proportion to the pumping rate and the criteria of drawdown, which decides $ROI_{cs}$, is inversely proportional to Ti value (transmissivity ${\times}$ hydraulic gradient). The pumping rate which creates the required $ROI_{cs}$ could be planned through the relationship between the $ROI_{cs}$ and pumping rates ($ROI_{cs}$-Q curve) of the field sites 1, 2 and 3. If the drawdown is investigated along with Ti value and pumping rate at a specific site where pump and treat remediation is planned, it is expected that the required criteria of drawdown can be evaluated by using the relationship between the cs and Ti (cs-Ti curve).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.117-121
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• 1984

The structure of $CS_{7.3}Ag_{4.7}Si_{12}Al_{12}O_{48}$, vacuum dehydrated zeolite A with all Na+ ions replaced by $Cs^+$ and $Ag^+$ as indicated, has been determined by single-crystal x-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group, Pm3m (a = 12.282 (1) ${\AA}$). The structure was refined to the final error indices $R_1$$R_2$ (weighted) = 0.099 using 347 independent reflections for whind intlch $I_0\;>\;3{\sigma}(I_0)$. Although deydration occurred at $360^{\circ}C$, no silver atoms or clusters have been observed. The 8-ring sites are occupied only by $Cs^+$ ion, and the 4-ring sites only by a single $Ag^+$ ion. The 6-ring sites contain $Ag^+$ and $Cs^+$ ions with $Ag^+$ nearly in 6-ring planes and $Cs^+$ well off them, one on the sodalite unit side. With regard to the 6-rings, the structure can be represented as a superposition of two types of unit cells: about 70 % have $4Ag^+$ and $4Cs^+$ ions, and the remaining 30 % have $3Ag^+$ and $5Cs^+$. In all unit cells, $3Cs^+$ ions lie at the centers of the 8-rings at sites of D4h symmetry; these ions are approximately 0.3 ${\AA}$ further from their nearest framework-oxygen neighbors than the sum of the appropriate ionic radii would indicate. To minimize electrostatic repulsions, the $Cs^+$ ions at Cs(1) are not likely to occupy adjacent 6-rings in the large cavity; they are likely to be tetrahedrally arranged when there are 4.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.10 no.4 s.38
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• pp.85-98
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• 1995

ITU-T의 차세대지능망 표준화는 최초의 진화단계인 IN CS-1이 '95 SG11 회의에서 완결되었고, 현재는 IN CS-2/3 표준화에 대한 논의가 진행되고 있다. IN CS-2는 일부 IN CS-1 목표서비스의 국제연동, FPLMTS의 지원, 서비스관리/생성 서비스의 제공 등의 요구사항을 수용하되 FPLMTS와 서비스 관리/ 생성 서비스와 관련해서는 분산기능평면까지만 부분적으로 권고한다. 본 고에서는 현재 표준화 주요 대상인 IN CS-2에 대하여 분석하였다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.285-291
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• 2008

A potential probiotics bacterial strain, CS90, was isolated from Korean soybean paste (doenjang). The strain CS90 showed antimicrobial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria including Salmonella enterica, Salmonella enteritids, Salmonella typhymurium, Bacillus cereus, Listeria ivanovii, Listeria. monocytogenes, Sthaphylococcus aureus, and Sthaphylococcus epidermidis and showed a significant survival rate of 35.7 to 57.8% under the artificial gastric acidic condition (pH 2 to 3). The strain CS90 was classified as Bacillus subtilis based on morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic features and phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequence and designated as B. subtilis CS90. B. subtilis CS90 can be used as a potential probiotics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Quaternary Association Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.7-11
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• 2005

The soil erosion processes have estimated using spatial distribution of 137Cs radionuclide in Granite and Sedimentary Hillslopes in South Korea. The local variability of 137Cs inventory indicates that was related positively to organic matter content, clay content and water content and negatively to hydraulic permeability and slope gradient for bulk samples in different landforms within Granite and Sedimentary rock basins. The vertical variability of 137Cs inventory shows that most of 137Cs concentration and organic matter were accumulated between 0 and 2cms and gradually decrease with soil depth in incremental samples in both basins. The vertical variability of 137Cs inventories shows that 137Csinventories increase as we go to toward downslope in both basins. Finally, the soil loss values indicate that hillslope erosion processes are more intensive in Granite rock basin than those in Sedimentary rock basin.

• Journal of Satellite, Information and Communications
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.130-134
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• 2013

This paper describes the basic principles of 3D broadcast system and proposes new 3D broadcast technology that reduce the amount of data by applying CS(Compressed Sensing). Differences between Sampling theory and the CS technology concept was described. Recently proposed CS algorithm AMP(Approximate Message Passing) and CoSaMP(Compressive Sampling Matched Pursuit) was described. Image data that compressed and restored by these algorithm was compared. Calculation time of the algorithm having a low complexity is determined.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05c
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• pp.385-390
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• 1996

Cs는 AW500 에서 높은 분배계수 값(K$_{Cs}$>$10^3$$m\ell$/g)을 얻었으며 , Sr은 13X, 평형 용액의 pH=10의 조건에서 최대의 분배계수값(K$_{Sr}$~$10^4$$m\ell$/g)을 보였고, 평형용액의 pH 증가에 따라서 급격히 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 또한 AW500-Cs와 13X-Sr계는 고액비, 즉 V/m=40, 및 초기용액의 pH가 3 이상에서 최대의 분배계수 값을 얻었으며, 혼합제올라이트의 비(AW500/13X)가 1.5인 조건에서 Cs과 Sr을 효과적으로 동시에 분리할 수 있음 보았다. 그리고 1,10$0^{\circ}C$에서 배소한 AW500-Cs는 CsAlSi$_2$O$_{6}$로 재결정되며 , 13X-Sr은 SrAI$_2$Si$_2$O$_{8}$ 및 SiO$_2$상(phase)으로 재결정한다.