• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2014년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.502-505
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• 2014

최근 들어, 모바일 기기의 시스템을 장악하여 중요 정보를 빼내는 등의 악성 행위를 위해 Code Reuse Attack (CRA) 이 널리 사용되고 있다. 이러한 CRA 를 막기 위한 방법으로 branch 의 trace 를 분석하여 CRA 고유의 특성을 찾아내는 Signature 기반 탐지 기술이 있다. 이러한 탐지 기술을 효율적으로 지원하기 위하여, 본 논문에서는 ARM 프로세서용 바이너리를 분석하여, signature 분석을 위해 필수적으로 분석되어야 하는 gadget 의 크기를 빠르게 접근할 수 있는 meta-data 를 생성하는 기술을 제안한다. 이러한 meta-data 를 활용하는 방식은 gadget 의 크기를 계산하는 추가적인 코드의 수행을 제거해 주므로, 더욱 효율적으로 CRA 를 탐지할 수 있도록 도와준다. 실험 결과, 이러한 meta-data 는 본래의 바이너리 코드 대비 9% 만의 크기 증가를 일으키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권10호
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• pp.293-300
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• 2011

본 연구는 경추 및 흉추부 스트레칭과 근력강화 운동프로그램이 머리전방자세에 미치는 효과를 알아보고자 연구하였다. 머리전방자세를 갖고 있는 일반인 32명을 대상자로 자세교육과 운동프로그램을 적용한 실험군 16명과 자세교육만을 받은 대조군 16명을 대상으로 시행하였다. 두 개척추각(CVA:Craniovertebral Angle)과 두개회전각(CRA:Cranial Rotation Angle)을 X-ray로 검사하고, PACS(Picture Archiving and Communications System) ${\pi}view^{TM}$ 각도를 측정하였다. 연구결과 실험군은 두개척추각과 두개회전각이 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 그러나 대조군은 두개회전각에서만 유의한 차이가 있었다. 또한, 실험 전 그룹 간 차이는 없었으나 실험 후 그룹 간 비교에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 이 연구에서는 경, 흉추부 스트레칭 및 근력강화 운동프로그램이 연구대상자들의 머리전방자세를 감소시키는 척추자세정렬을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 이 연구 결과들은 자세증진 치료들에 있어서 향후 발전되는 운동프로 그램을 위해 기초자료가 될 수 있다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.208-215
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• 2019

본 연구는 깊은목굽힘근운동과 등뼈 관절가동운동이 뇌졸중 환자의 통증, 전방머리자세에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 연구대상자는 36명은 사전측정 후 무작위로 깊은목굽힘근군(DNFE), 등뼈 관절가동운동군(TROM), 대조군으로 각각 12명씩 배정되었다. 중재 전후에 통증(VAS), 두개척추각도(CVA), 두개회전각도(CRA), 전방머리내밈자세(FHP), 등뼈관절가동범위(TROM)를 측정하였다. 그 결과. DNFE 군과 TROM 군은 중재 전후 VAS, CVA, CRA, FHP, TROM에서 유의한 차이를 보였으며(p<.05), 두 군은 대조군에 비해 VAS, CVA, CRA, FHP, TROM에서 보였다(p<.05). 결론적으로 깊은목굽힘근운동과 등뼈 가동범위운동이 뇌졸중 환자의 전방머리자세와 목통증 회복에 효과적이었다. 그러므로 임상에서 뇌졸중 환자 중재프로그램에 깊은목굽힘근운동과 등뼈 가동범위운동을 적극적으로 활용되기를 바란다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2002년도 ICCAS
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• pp.64.1-64
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• 2002

$\textbullet$ Introduction $\textbullet$ CRA method for transient response control $\textbullet$ Benchmark problem and specifications $\textbullet$ Controller design using CRA method $\textbullet$ Concluding Remark

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.689-692
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• 2012

Objective: To investigate correlations between adenosine triphosphate chemotherapy response assay (ATP-CRA) and clinical outcomes after ATP-CRA-based chemotherapy for drug selection in patients receiving intravesical chemotherapy to prevent recurrence of superficial bladder cancer after surgery. Methods: The chemosensitivities of 12 anticancer drugs were evaluated, including 5-Fu ADM, and EPI, using ATP-CRA and primary tumor cell culture in 54 patients. In addition, a further 58 patients were treated according to clinical experience. Differences in post-chemotherapeutical effects between drug sensitivity assay and experience groups were compared. Results: The evaluable rate of the test was 96.3%, the clinical effective rate was 80.8%, the sensitivity rate was 97.6% (41/42), the specificity was 20%, the total predicting accuracy was 74.3%, the positive predictive value was 83.7% (41/49), the negative predictive value was 66.7% (2/3); in the drug sensitivity test group, the clinical effective rate was 80.8%, the experience group response rate was 63.8%, with a significant difference in clinical effects between the ATP-based sensitivity and experience groups (${\chi}^2$=7.0153, P<0.01). Conclusion: ATP-CRA is a stable, accurate and potentially practical chemosensitivity test providing a predictor of chemotherapeutic response in patients with superficial bladder cancer.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.65-70
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• 2016

Background: To determine the correlation Between forward head posture and plantar pressor in a McKenzie Exercise. Methods: This study had a cross-sectional design. There are included 20 participants with forward head posture. We measured the craniovertebral angle (CVA), cranial rotation angle (CRA) by image obtained digital camera and the plantar pressure, static balance using Gait Analyzer each before and after McKenzie Exercise. Results: There was negative correlation between CVA and CRA (p<.05). There was negative correlation between CVA and fore foot(p<.05). There was positive correlation between CRA and both fore foot (p<.05). There was negative correlation between CVA and static balance(p<.05). There was positive correlation between CRA and static balance (p<.05). Conclusions: There is a correlation between the change a mount of forward head position and plantar pressure in the McKenzie Exercise.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2015

In a pressurized water reactor (PWR), control rod assembly (CRA) falls into the guide tubes of a fuel assembly due to gravity for scram. Various theoretical approaches and numerical analyses have been performed because its shape is simple and its design was completely developed several decades ago. A control rod assembly for a sodium-cooled faster reactor (SFR) which is geometrically more complicated is being actively developed in Korea nowadays. Drop time and impact velocity of a CRA are important parameters with respect to reactivity insertion time and the mechanical robustness of a CRA and a guide duct. In this paper, computational method considering simultaneously the equation of motion for rigid body and the Navier-Stokes equations for fluid is suggested and verified by comparison with theoretical analysis results. Through this valuable CFD analysis method, drop time and impact velocity of initially designed SFR CRA are evaluated before performing scram tests with it.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.98-100
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• 2007

This paper proposes a robust digital controller for PWM voltage source inverter using CRA method. The usual inverter controller for the operation of constant voltage and constant frequency consists of a double looped PI controller for the outer voltage controller and the inner current controller, of which the order of characteristic polynomial is high and so the gain tuning is difficult. Considering the limited switching frequency of the devices and sampling frequency of the digital controller, the gain tuning is usually based on the engineering experiences with the try and error method. In this paper, the error-space approach is used to get the system model including the controller with low order, and the characteristic ratio assignment (CRA) method is proposed for the design of robust controller which has the advantage to design the optimal gain to meet the referenced response and overshoot within the limit range. The PSiM simulation and experience results are shown to verify the validity of the proposed controller.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.197-207
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to confirm effect of reducing inflammation of Coptis chinensis extract-ceramide complex through the endocannabinoid system (ECS) control in atopic dermatitis. Methods: 8-week-old ICR mice were divided into normal group (Ctrl), lipid barrier elimination group (ADE), palmitoylethanolamide treated group after lipid barrier elimination (PEAT), and Coptis chinensis extract-ceramide complex applied group after lipid barrier elimination (CRA). After inducing atopic dermatitis, cannabinoid receptor (CB) 1, CB2, CD68, p-I𝜅B, iNOS, substance P and serotonin were observed to confirm the regulation of the ECS, macrophage activity and mast cell activity. Results: CB1 and CB2 showed higher positive reactions in the CRA than in the ADE and PEAT. CD68, p-I𝜅B and iNOS showed higher positive reaction in the ADE, PEAT and CRA than in the Ctrl, but the increase in the positive reaction was lower in the CEA compared to the ADE and PEAT. Substance P and serotonin showed higher positive reaction in the ADE, PEAT and CRA than in the Ctrl, but the increase in the positive reaction was lower in the CEA compared to the ADE and PEAT. Conclusions: The effects of Coptis chinensis extract -ceramide complex were confirmed on the regulation of the ECS, macrophage activity and mast cell activity.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.97-97
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• 2022

The fruit of the Crataegus pinnatifida bunge has been known to have a role as a digestive stimulant, and is used for postpartum abdominal pain and women's menstrual pain. It is used for coronary artery disease, angina pectoris, hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Ascorbic acid, hydroquinone, retinoids, alpha-hydroxy acids, kojic acid, azelaic acid have been used for cosmetic whitening and medical depigmentation. To determine whether Crataegus pinnatifida bunge fruit also has whitening and depigmentation effect, tyrosinase inhibition assay was performed with American Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge ethanol extracts, Korean Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge (Cra) ethanol extracts and Arbutin as a positive control as previously described by Korean FDA guideline. Korean Cra fruit ethanol extracts were 1.87 fold more inhibitory function to tyrosinase activity than American Cra in the experimental condition that inhibitory function to tyrosinase activity of Korean Cra Arbutin is 81.8% when compared to that of the standard control Arbutin as 100%. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida bunge have significant whitening effects and may provide the basis for development of cosmetic whitening agent and medical depigmentation applications.