• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 2014

The effect of carbon on the microstructure and texture of low carbon steels was investigated in a series of 1.6 Mn-0.3Cr-0.2Mo-0.001B steels with carbon ranging from 0.021 to 0.048%. Intensity of {111} orientation increased with decreasing the carbon content, resulting in the increase in $r_m$ value. The highest $r_m$ value of 1.30 was obtained in 0.021%C steel annealed at $820{\sim}850^{\circ}C$ according to the typical galvannealing heat cycle. Martensite volume fraction was not substantially affected by the annealing temperature. It was found that the fine and uniformly distributed martensite particles which were present in amounts of about 5% volume fraction were desirable for the highest $r_m$ value. The other factor affecting the high $r_m$ value was the preferred epitaxial growth of retained ferrite with {111} orientation into austenite during cooling.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.605-606
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• 2008

The distance detection system receives stereo video input through 2 CCD cameras. Using a decoder, the image is changed to the YCbCr4:2:2 format and only the Y signal is saved in the 4*256*8bit shift register of the Dual-Port SRAM. As a result of the matching procedure, the Depth value, which is the distance information, is saved in SRAM, and the Depth Map is made and output to the TFT-LCD screen.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.1C
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• pp.26-35
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• 2006

In this paper, an automatic mobile robot system for a intelligent path planning using the detection scheme of the spatial coordinates based on stereo camera is proposed. In the proposed system, face area of a moving person is detected from a left image among the stereo image pairs by using the YCbCr color model and its center coordinates are computed by using the centroid method and then using these data, the stereo camera embedded on the mobile robot can be controlled for tracking the moving target in real-time. Moreover, using the disparity map obtained from the left and right images captured by the tracking-controlled stereo camera system and the perspective transformation between a 3-D scene and an image plane, depth information can be detected. Finally, based-on the analysis of these calculated coordinates, a mobile robot system is derived as a intelligent path planning and a estimation. From some experiments on robot driving with 240 frames of the stereo images, it is analyzed that error ratio between the calculated and measured values of the distance between the mobile robot and the objects, and relative distance between the other objects is found to be very low value of $2.19\%$ and $1.52\%$ on average, respectably.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2011

At existing skin detection methods using skin color information defined based on the prior knowldege, threshold value to be used at the stage of dividing the backround and the skin region was decided on a subjective point of view through experiments. Also, threshold value was selected in a passive manner according to their background and illumination environments in these existing methods. These existing methods displayed a drawback in that their performance was fully influenced by the threshold value estimated through repetitive experiments. To overcome the drawback of existing methods, this paper propose a skin region detection method using a histogram approximation based on the mean shift algorithm. The proposed method is to divide the background region and the skin region by using the mean shift method at the histogram of the skin-map of the input image generated by the comparison of the similarity with the standard skin color at the CbCr color space and actively finding the maximum value converged by brightness level. Since the histogram has a form of discontinuous function accumulated according to the brightness value of the pixel, it gets approximated as a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) using the Bezier Curve method. Thus, the proposed method detects the skin region by using the mean shift method and actively finding the maximum value which eventually becomes the dividing point, not by using the manually selected threshold value unlike other existing methods. This method detects the skin region high performance effectively through experiments.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Ratooning ability is one of the major different traits from perennial to cultivated rice and annual type. We developed a set of 126 introgression lines derived from a cross between Hwayeong and W1944 (O. rufipogon) to gain an insight into the genetic factors underlying differences between common wild rice and cultivated rice. One IL, CR6 among the 126 ILs of $BC_3F_4$ showed a significant difference in rationing ability compared with Hwayeong. To further characterize the rationing ability, CR6 was selected and crossed to Hwayeong to produce three secondary populations, $BC_4F_2$, $BC_4F_3$ and $BC_5F_2$. In the Hwayeong background, the W1944 allele was associated with an increase in rationing ability. QTL analysis showed that the qRAT5 for rationing ability was linked to RM194 ($R^2$=6.6%, 19.6%, and 44.5% in the $BC_4F_2$, $BC_5F_2$, and $BC_5F_3$, respectively). The putative qRAT5 was also tightly linked to QTLs for spikelets per panicle and grain weight indicating that this region harbors a QTL cluster related to domestication. To our knowledge, this is the first report to map the major QTL for ratooning ability in rice. The SSR markers linked to qRAT5 would be useful in marker-assisted selection for breeding lines with enhanced ratooning ability.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.3029-3034
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• 2014

The paper describes the scleral diagnostic system implementation for human eyes by using the scleral color code and vessels sign pattern code generations. The system is based on the high performance DSP image signal processor, programmable gain control for preprocessing and RISC SD frames storage. RGB image signals are optimized by PGC, the edge image is detected form the gray image converted. The processing algorithms are executed by scleral color code generation and scleral vessels sign pattern code creation for discriminating and matching. The scleral symptomatic color code is generated by YCbCr values at memory map tolerated and the vessel sign pattern code is created by digitizing the 24 clock and 13 ring zones, overlay matching and tolerances. The experimental results for performance are that the system runs 40ms, and the color and pattern for diagnostic errors are around 20% and 24% on average. The system and technique enable a scleral diagnosis with subdividing the patterns and patient database.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.69-78
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• 2002

This paper addresses a method to automatically detect out a person's face from a given image that consists of a hair and face view of the person and a complex background scene. Out method involves an effective detection algorithm that exploits the spatial distribution characteristics of human skin color via an adaptive fuzzy color classifier (AFCC), The universal skin-color map is derived on the chrominance component of human skin color in Cb, Cr and their corresponding luminance. The desired fuzzy system is applied to decide the skin color regions and those that are not. We use RGB model for extracting the hair color regions because the hair regions often show low brightness and chromaticity estimation of low brightness color is not stable. After some preprocessing, we apply convex-hull to each region. Consequent face detection is made from the relationship between a face's convex-hull and a head's convex-hull. The algorithm using the convex-hull shows better performance than the algorithm using pattern method. The performance of the proposed algorithm is shown by experiment. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm successfully and efficiently detects the faces without constrained input conditions in color images.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.351-362
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• 2014

In order to grasp the geological characteristics, the occurrence mode of ore body and development potential of Bophi Vum chromite mineralized zone in northwestern Myanmar, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources(KIGAM) and Department of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration(DGSE) carried out joint exploration targeting on the $6km^2$ areas within the mineralized zone. Chromitites occur as a major Cr-ore body in the Bophi Vum area, and are enveloped by dunitic peridotites. As a result of geological survey, the geological map of Bophi Vum was drawn in the scale of 1:1,000, and we discovered that the chromitite ores are mainly distributed at the elevation range between 200 and 400 m. The soil geochemistry was conducted by collecting total 114 soil samples in the interval of 50 m after pitting ground surface under 0.7-1 m. Geochemical anomaly maps of Cr, Ni, Fe, and Mn were prepared by ICP-AES.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.124-137
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• 2012

Climate analysis is important in urban planning for human comfort. Synoptic weather conditions can only resolve the 30% of local variance of wind conditions whereas 70% of the variance arise from local terrain, buildings, and other small scale thermal conditions. Climate Analysis Seoul (CAS) was developed to resolve such micro-scale climate. The Local-scale air temperature Deviation (LD) analysis map from CAS showed the co-existence of built-up and suburban areas in the study region (CR, Cold-air analysis Region) despite its small extent. Temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction were monitored in CR. Hourly observed cooling rate agreed well with LD. Cold air production, transportation, and stagnation was visualized by the observed Vertical Temperature Gradient (VTG) along the small stream in CR. VTG observed at the upper-most stream can be divided into two components: radiative cooling and cold air inflow from outside. Radiative cooling exists regardless of the wind speed whereas cold air inflow occurs only with calm wind. From the regression analyses based on the wind speed, the inflow portion was determined as 84% of radiative cooling. Climate analysis in the future will be able to characterize the changes in cold air by urban development plan to support the human comfort.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.245-254
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical thermal resistances and comfort properties of ski wear made with vapor-permeable water repellent (VPWR) fabrics and thermal insulation battings. Four types of experimental clothing were made with the combination of two VPWR fabrics (Hipora-$TM^{\circledR}$, Hipora-$CR^{\circledR}$) and two thermal insulation battings ($Viwarm^{\circledR},\;Airseal^{\circledR}$). Thermal resistances of ski wear were objectly evaluated by thermal manikin experiment ($21{\pm}\;2^{\circ}C,\;50{\pm}5\%$ R.H.,0.25 m/sec air velocity) and thermographic accessment ($2{\pm}2^{\circ}C,\;0\%$ R.H.,0.25 m/sec air velocity, and emissivity level : 1). Garment wear tests of ski wear included the measurement of the microclimate (inner temp. and relative humidity) of the experimental clothing by digital thermohygrometer and subject wear sensation using McNall's thermal comfort ratings. CBo values of experimental clothing 4 (Hipora-$CR^{\circledR}+Airseal^{\circledR}$) and 1 (Hipora-$TM^{\circledR}+Viwarm^{\circledR}$) were significantly higher than those of 2 (Hipora-$TM^{\circledR}+Airseal^{\circledR}$) and 3 (Hipora-$CR^{\circledR}+Viwarm^{\circledR}$). Thermal resistances in the points of breast, back, belly, and loin was significantly higher than those of upper am, fore arm, and shank of measuring points on the thermal manikin. According to the color map of the thermogram, the experimental clothing 4 indicated higher surface temperatures than the others showing more yellowish spots on the surface of clothing. Inner temperature of experimental clothing was not significantly different among the four types of ski wear, but relative humidities of experimental clothing were significantly different. Relative humidities of experimental clothing 1 and 3 showed higher than those of 2 and 4. Relative humidity of experimantal clothing was affected largely by the thermal resis- tance of thermal insulation batting materials. The subject wear sensation of experimental clothing 2 and 4 showed lower humidity than the others. Subject wear sensation was affected more by humidity sensation than by thermal sensation.