• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.445-451
• /
• 2021

In this study, we described the production of an antibody to living modified organisms (LMOs) containing the gene encoding for 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain CP4 EPSPS provides resistance to the herbicide glyphosate (N- (phosphonomethyl) glycine). These LMOs were approved and have recently been used in the feed, food production, and processing industries in South Korea. Highly efficient monoclonal antibody (mAb) production is crucial for developing assays that enable the proper detection and quantification of the CP4 EPSPS protein in LMOs. This study describes the purification and characterization of recombinant CP4 EPSPS protein in E. coli BL21 (DE3) based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The production of mAbs was undertaken based on the standard operating procedure of Abclon, Inc.(South Korea), and the purity of the mAbs was assessed using SDS-PAGE. The following five mAb clones were produced: 2F2, 4B9, 6C11, 10A9, and 10G9. To verify the efficiency and specificity of the five developed mAbs, we performed Western blotting analysis using the LM (living modified) cotton crude extracts. All mAbs could detect the CP4 EPSPS protein in the LM cotton traits MON1445 and MON88913 with high specificity, but not in any other LM cottons or non-LM cottons. These data indicate that these five mAbs to CP4 EPSPS could be successfully used for the further development of antibody-based detection methods to target CP4 EPSPS protein in LMOs.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 1994

Molecular orbital calculations at the extended Huckel level have been carried out for $Cp_2TiSiHPh(1),\;[Cp_2Ti]_2[{\mu}-HSi(HPh)][{\mu}-H] (2),\;and\;[Cp_2TiSiH_2Ph]_2$ (3) complexes which are important intermediates in organosilane polymerization. Stable geometry of complex 1 is not $C_{2V}$, but Cs symmetry and the rotational energy barrier of $SiH_2$ unit is computed to be 14 kcal/mol. The orbital interaction diagrams are studied to characterize the chemical bonding for the electron deficient systems, 2 and 3. It is possible for Si-H to be coordinated to the Ti metal using $\sigma$ bonding.

• Animal Bioscience
• /
• v.35 no.8
• /
• pp.1279-1288
• /
• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate antioxidant activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) extracts (extracted with different solvents) at various concentrations and to determine product quality of raw chicken patties added with different levels of cinnamon powder (CP) and oyster mushroon powder (OMP) during storage. Methods: After cinnamon was made into oven dried CP and extracted with water and different levels (50%, 80%, and 100%) of ethanol, antioxidant activities of these extracts were determined. CP and OMP were combined at different levels and added to raw chicken patties. Physicochemical properties and microbial counts were measured during refrigerated storage. Results: Cinnamon ethanol (80%) extract showed the highest (p<0.05) by 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl-radical scavenging activity and reducing power. Cinnamon water extract (CWE) had the highest iron chelating ability (p<0.05), while CP 100% ethanol extract had the highest content of total phenolic compound. Then, CP and OMP were applied to chicken patties at different levels (0.1% to 0.2%). After the addition of CPs, pH, L* (lightness), 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, and volatile basic nitrogen values were decreased, whereas a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values were increased. Microbial counts of total bacteria and Enterobacteriaceace were decreased with the addition of CP 0.2% regardless of the OMP level. Conclusion: The addition of CP in combination with OMP can increase the shelf-life of chicken patties during storage.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
• /
• 2001.11a
• /
• pp.566.1-566
• /
• 2001

The most desirable healing process for endodontic therapy is apical closure by hard tissue such as dentine or cementum. Then, we estimated hard tissue conductivity of tetracalcium phosphate (4CP)/dicalcium phosphate (2CP) compound using mandibular first molars of SD rats. Residual pulp responses to the calcium phosphate compound were examined at several amputation levels of pulp. 2CP was purchased and passed through a $32-\mu\textrm{m}$ sieve. 4CP was obtained from a stoichiometric mixture of 2CP and calcium carbonate (Mol ratio: Ca/P=2.0) by the dry synthetic method at 1, 400(C for 8 hours.(omitted)

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.241-246
• /
• 1993

The water-based magentic fluids were successfully prepared with the synthesized ultrafine magnetite using saturated with fatty acids($C_{9}~C_{18}$) and SDBS as surfactants. The dispersion index of water-based fluids was about 85 % when the amounts of lauric acid and SDBS for the 27 g of magnetite were more than $2.66{\times}10^{-2}mol$ and 5 g($7.17{\times}10^{-2}mol$) respectively. As the solid content increased from 0.05 g/cc to 0.4 g/cc, saturated magnetization of magnetic fluids at 5 kOe increased from 2.07 emu/g to 9.31 emu/g and its viscosity increased from 1.20 cp to 3.95 cp. The stable pH region in which the magnetic fluids prepared with lauric acid and SDBS was range of 3.1 to 11.1. It was found that the water-based magnetic fluids was well dispersed as the carbon length of fatty acid increased, but the amount of scum of the magnetic fluids increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2015.08a
• /
• pp.100.2-100.2
• /
• 2015

반도체 산업이 성장하고 기술이 향상됨에 따라 소자의 소형화가 이루어지고 있다. 공정법으로는 atomic layer deposition (ALD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD) 등이 있다. 이러한 공정을 이용하여 수십 nm까지 미세화가 진행되고 있으며, 복잡한 구조의 박막을 실현하기 위해 전구체의 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 전구체의 특성을 비실시간으로 분석하는 방법으로는 질량 분석법, 가스크로마토그래피, 적외선 분광법 등이 있다. 전구체의 특성을 실시간으로 분석하기 위해 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)내에 attenuated total reflectance (ATR)를 거치시켰다. 본 연구는 구조를 개선한 ATR-FTIR을 이용하여 Tris-(dimethylamino) Zirconium (CpZr) 전구체의 흡착 거동을 분석하였다. ATR용 crystal은 Ge crystal을 사용했으며, 온도를 각각 30, 40, $50^{\circ}C$에서 CpZr 전구체의 흡착특성을 연구했다. 흡착성을 증가시키기 위해 Ge crystal 표면에 $ZrO_2$나노입자를 분포시켜 흡착특성을 비교 분석하였다. 또한 CpZr 전구체가 흡착된 Ge crystal 표면에 오존가스를 주입시킨 후 변화를 관찰하였다. Ge crystal표면에 나노입자를 분포시켜 CpZr 전구체를 흡착한 결과 나노입자를 분포시키지 않았을 때 보다 흡착강도가 높게 나타났다. 또한 CpZr 전구체가 흡착된 Ge crystal 표면에 오존가스를 주입한 결과 C-H 결합이 분해됨을 확인했다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.962-970
• /
• 2007

A total of 1,200 LinNan Chinese color-feathered chicks were used to study the effects of methionine source [DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthio-butanoic acid (HMTBa) or DL-methionine (DLM)] and dietary crude protein (CP) level on growth performance, carcass traits, and whole-body nitrogen and fat retention. The trial was designed as a $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement, including two CP levels (adequate and low) and two methionine sources (HMTBa and DL-methionine). Diets were formulated for three phases, starter (0-21 d), grower (21-42 d), and finisher (42-63 d). Chicks fed HMTBa had higher daily gain and improved feed efficiency than DLM during the grower phase (p<0.05). A significant two-way interaction was observed for growth performance during the finisher phase and overall (0-63 d). Growth performance was greater for chicks fed HMTBa than DLM on adequate-CP diets (p<0.05), but this was not observed at low-CP level (p>0.05). Chicks fed low-CP diets grew slower, used feed less efficiently during the grower, finisher phase and overall. On d 42, regardless of dietary CP levels, birds fed HMTBa had higher carcass weights, breast and thigh weights than DLM-fed birds (p<0.04). Birds fed low-CP diet had lighter carcass weights and less breast muscle, thigh muscle, and dressing percentage at the end of starter, grower and finisher phases (p<0.05). Whole body composition analyses found that birds fed HMTBa tended to contain more protein and less fat compared to those chicks fed DLM at the end of the starter phase (p<0.10). Low-CP diets increased CP concentration in the whole body at the end of the finisher phase (p = 0.05). HMTBa supplementation increased whole-body N retention rate during the finisher phase and overall (p<0.01), and low-CP diets reduced N intake and whole-body fat retention during the finisher phase and overall (p<0.05). In summary, HMTBa was better than DLM on an equimolar basis for growth performance, carcass traits, and N retention in Chinese color-feathered chicks. Low-CP diets lowered growth performance as well as carcass traits in color-feathered birds, probably due to imbalanced AA profiles.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.185-189
• /
• 2012

A.c. impedances of mechanically polished CP-Ti specimens were measured at open-circuit potential (OCP) with immersion time and under applied anodic potentials between -0.2 and 1 $V_{Ag/AgCl}$ in 0.1 M NaOH solution. Capacitances of native oxide films ($C_{ox,na}$) grown naturally and capacitances of anodic oxide films ($C_{ox,an}$) formed under applied anodic potentials were obtained to examine the growth of native and anodic oxide films in 0.1 M NaOH solution and how to use $C_{ox,na}$ for the surface area measurement of Ti specimen. $1/C_{ox,na}$ and $1/C_{ox,an}$ appeared to be linearly proportional to OCP and applied potential ($E_{app}$), with proportional constants of 0.086 and 0.051 $uF^{-1}\;V^{-1}$, respectively. The $C_{ox,na}$ also appeared to be linearly proportional to geometric surface area of the mechanically polished CP-Ti fixture specimen, with proportional constants of 11.3 and $8.5{\mu}F\;cm^{-2}$ at -0.45 $V_{Ag/AgCl}$ and -0.25 $V_{Ag/AgCl}$ of OCPs, respectively, in 0.1 M NaOH solution. This linear relationship between $C_{ox,na}$ and surface area is suggested to be applicable for the measurement of real surface area of Ti specimen.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
• /
• 2001.05a
• /
• pp.29-33
• /
• 2001

In the present study, AZ91Mg/$\textrm{Al}_2\textrm{O}_3$ short fiber+SiC particulates hybrid metal matrix composites(MMCs) were fabricated by squeeze casting method. Different particulate sizes of 45, 29 and $9\mu\textrm{m}$ were hybridized with 5% volume fraction to investigate the effect of SiC particulates size on microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties such as hardness, flexural strength, wear resistance and thermal expansion. Results show that the microstructure of the hybrid composites were quite satisfactory, namely revealing relatively uniform distribution of reinforcements. Some aggregation of SiC particulates caused by particle pushing was observed especially in the hybrid composites containing in fine particulates($9\mu\textrm{m}$). The hardness and flexural strength were improved by decreasing particulates size, whereas wear resistance improved by increasing particulates size because of large particulates restricting matrix wear from contacted stress. Regardless of particulates size, thermal expansion of composites was the same. This may be because the content of particulates was in all cases 5 volume fraction.1

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.497-502
• /
• 1997

For the purpose of enzymatic production of galactooligosaccharides from soybean arabinogalactan (SAG) hydrolysis, the $\beta$-1, 4-D-arabinogalactanase($\beta$-1, 4-galactanase) from Bacillus sp. HJ-12 was used. The soybean galactooligosaccharides(SOS) were optimally produced in SAG 1%(w/v), pH 8.0, 5$0^{\circ}C$, $\beta$-1, 4-galactanase 20unit/g SAG and 24-40 hour reaction conditions. The produced galactooligosaccharides had visocity of 11,000 cp at 75%(w/v), $25^{\circ}C$. The viscosity of galactooligosaccharides was 80 fold increasing value than that of sucrose solution. Temperature dependence of viscosity of SOS was 4.6 fold higher value than surose solution below than 5$0^{\circ}C$. Less than 50 Brix, the viscosity of SOS was similar with sucrose solution(20-40 cp), but increasing of concentration, the difference of viscosity between SOS and sucrose solution was increased. And, SOS was very stable at pH and temperature.