• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 층꽃나무와 L. plantarum으로 발효한 층꽃나무를 각각 80% ethanol로 추출하여 추출물들이 LPS로 유도된 Raw 264.7 cell의 염증반응에 미치는 영향을 비교 검증하여 항염증 소재 개발 가능성을 검토하였다. HPLC를 이용하여 L. plantarum에 의한 층꽃나무 발효 추출물의 유용성분 변화를 확인한 결과, 발효를 통해 유용성분의 profile 변화가 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. Raw 264.7 cell에서 세포 독성을 측정하기 위해 MTT assay를 실시한 결과, 층꽃나무 80% ethanol 추출물은 5, 10, $15{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 발효 층꽃나무 80% ethanol 추출물의 경우 10, 20, 30, $40{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 90.0% 이상의 세포 생존율을 나타내었다. 항염증 효능을 검정하기 위해 iNOS 단백질 발현량, COX-2 단백질 발현량, NO 생성, $PGE_2$ 생성, pro-inflammatory cytokine 발현량을 측정하였다. NO 생합성 효소인 iNOS 단백질의 발현량을 측정한 결과, 층꽃나무와 발효 층꽃나무 80% ethanol 추출물은 각각 15, $40{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 약 50.0% 가까운 발현 억제 효과를 나타내었으며, 농도 의존적으로 감소하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. $PGE_2$ 생합성 효소인 COX-2 단백질의 발현량을 측정한 결과, 층꽃나무 80% ethanol 추출물은 $15{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 50.0%, 발효 층꽃나무 80% ethanol 추출물은 $40{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 83.0%의 발현 억제 효과를 보여주었다. NO 생성 억제 효과를 측정한 결과 층꽃나무 80% ethanal 추출물은 $15{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 62.0%, 발효 층꽃나무는 $40{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 81.0%로 control군과 비교하였을 때 NO 생성이 크게 억제되었다. $PGE_2$ 생성 억제 효과를 측정한 결과, 층꽃나무와 발효 층꽃나무 80% ethanal 추출물은 각각 15, $30{\mu}g/mL$의 농도에서 약 70.0%의 발현 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 또한, pro-inflammatory cytokine의 경우, 층꽃나무 80% ethanol 추출물 $15{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 $TNF-{\alpha}$는 43.6%, IL-6는 64.3%, $IL-1{\beta}$는 58.7%의 저해율을 나타냈으며, 발효 층꽃나무 80% ethanol 추출물 $40{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 $TNF-{\alpha}$는 75.4%, IL-6는 64.3%, $IL-1{\beta}$는 37.7%의 발현 억제 효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 결과를 통해 층꽃나무는 매우 우수한 항염증 효과를 나타내는 소재임을 확인할 수 있었으며, L. plantarum균을 이용한 발효를 통해 층꽃나무가 가진 세포 독성을 낮추어 안전성하고 우수한 효능을 가진 새로운 항염증제로 개발 가능한 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.487-493
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: D. candidum is a traditional Chinese food or medicine widely used in Asia. There has been little research into the anticancer effects of D. candidum, particularly the effects in colon cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of D. candidum in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS/METHODS: The in vitro anti-cancer effects on HCT-116 colon cancer cells and in vivo anti-metastatic effects of DCME (Dendrobium canidum methanolic extract) were examined using the experimental methods of MTT assay, DAPI staining, flow cytometry analysis, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: At a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, DCME inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cells by 84%, which was higher than at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL. Chromatin condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies were observed in cancer cells cultured with DCME as well. In addition, DCME induced significant apoptosis in cancer cells by upregulation of Bax, caspase 9, and caspase 3, and downregulation of Bcl-2. Expression of genes commonly associated with inflammation, NF-${\kappa}B$, iNOS, and COX-2, was significantly downregulated by DCME. DCME also exerted an anti-metastasis effect on cancer cells as demonstrated by decreased expression of MMP genes and increased expression of TIMPs, which was confirmed by the inhibition of induced tumor metastasis in colon 26-M3.1 cells in BALB/c mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that D. candidum had a potent in vitro anti-cancer effect, induced apoptosis, exhibited anti-inflammatory activities, and exerted in vivo anti-metastatic effects.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.853-859
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• 2009

Nardostachys chinensis has been used widely as a traditional medicine for the treatment of diverse diseases. The dried plant was extracted with 85% methanol extract (NC). We investigated the antioxidant properties of NC on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide anion and nitric oxide radical scavenging capacity under in vitro assays. NC showed potent antioxidant activity, compared to ascorbic acid. In macrophages, nitric oxide is released as an inflammatory mediator and has been proposed to be an important modulator of many pathophysiological conditions in inflammation. In the present study, it was also investigated that the inhibition effects on NO and the mechanism of down-regulation of immune response by NC in IFN-IFN-$\gamma$/LPS-stimulated mouse (C57BL/6) peritoneal macrophages. Extracts of NC suppressed NO production and the expression of iNOS and COX-2. The present results indicate that NC has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and therefore may be beneficial in diseases which related to oxidative stress-mediated chronic inflammatory disorders.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.15.1-15.9
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• 2018

Background: Inflammation has been known to associate with many human diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate an anti-inflammatory effect of ozonated krill (Euphausia superba) oil, which was prepared by the treatment of krill oil using ozone gas. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results: Ozonated krill oil significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production and suppressed the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Ozonated krill oil also reduced the mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. To elucidate the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of ozonated krill oil, we evaluated the effects of ozonated krill oil on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) pathway. Ozonated krill oil suppressed the LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). Conclusion: This study revealed that the ozonated krill oil exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that ozonated krill oil suppressed pro-inflammatory mediator and cytokine expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.513-520
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Cheonggukjang pills with aronia and blueberries on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. There have been several reports that Cheonggukjang is effective for intestinal health, but the efficacy of Cheonggukjang containing fruits has not yet been reported. In this study, we showed the effect of cheonggukjang pills with blueberries and aronia (CPBA) on DSS-induced colitis in BALB/c mice. CPBA was obtained from Soonchang Moonokae foods and orally administered once a day for 2 weeks before DSS treatment. Colitis was induced in mice by feeding 5% (w/v) DSS drinking water for 7 days. The results showed that CPBA treatment significantly alleviated DSS-induced disease activity index associated with a decrease in colon length. CPBA improved DSS-induced histological changes and intestinal epithelial barrier integrity in mice colon. In addition, CPBA administration significantly reduced the levels of DSS-mediated interferon-γ and interleukin-6 in serum and tumor necrosis factor-α in colon tissue. Moreover, the gene expression of COX-2 and iNOS, which are factors involved in inflammatory signaling, was significantly reduced by CPBA treatment. These results suggest that CPBA have a protective effect against DSS-induced mice colitis and may be a candidate for colitis treatment.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2022

본 연구는 Balb/c 마우스의 면역 강화에 대한 HK 표고버섯 균사체 (HKSMM)의 효과를 확인했다. 실험동물은 음성 대조군(NC), 양성 대조군(PC; 1,000 mg/100 g; AHCC), T1 (500 mg/100 g; HKSMM), T2 (1,000 mg/100 g; HKSMM) 및 T3 (2,000 mg/100 g; HKSMM)로 구성하였고, 시료의 채취는 4주 및 6주에 수행하였다. COX-2 및 iNOS는 대조군보다 6주차 실험군에서 유의하게 낮았고, NO 결과도 유사한 결과였다. NF-κB 및 MAPKs 신호전달 경로와 관련된 인자를 확인한 결과, HKSMM을 섭취한 실험군은 대조군에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다. 비장 조직 내 백색수질의 수와 크기를 비교 분석한 결과, 대조군에 비해 실험군의 백색수질의 수와 크기가 농도 의존적으로 유의하게 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 HKSMM이 Balb/c 마우스에서 면역강화 효과를 유도함과 동시에 항염증 효과가 있음을 시사한다. 따라서 HK 표고버섯 균사체는 면역강화 및 항염증 효과가 있어 건강기능식품 원료로 사용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.263-277
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• 2022

본 연구 결과 우리나라 40세 이상 성인에서 FBDI와 당뇨병 발생률 간의 상관성은 없었으나 당화혈색소 수준과 상관관계를 가지고, 이러한 경향은 여성이거나 운동을 하지 않는 사람, 그리고 비만인 경우 영향을 더 많이 받는다는 결과를 도출해냈다. 이는 앞으로 우리나라 당뇨병 관리 측면에서 염증을 고려한 다각화된 임상영양치료의 발판이 되리라 사료된다. 또한 추후 장기간의 추적 연구를 통해 식사염증지표와 당뇨병의 발생에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요한 것으로 보이며, 당뇨병의 심각성에 관한 연구는 거의 없는 실정이기 때문에 추후 연구가 반드시 필요하다고 사료된다. 본 연구를 발판 삼아 추가적인 연구를 기반으로 임상현장에서 식사염증지표가 당뇨병 관리 도구로 활용될 수 있기를 기대하는 바이다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.82-94
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• 2003

Although debates still exist whether Helicobacter pylori infection is really class I carcinogen or not, H. pylori has been known to provoke precancerous lesions like gastric adenoma and chronic atrophic gastritis with intestinal metaplasia as well as gastric cancer. Chronic persistent, uncontrolled gastric inflammations are possible basis for ensuing gastric carcinogenesis and H. pylori infection increased COX-2 expressions, which might be the one of the mechanisms leading to gastric cancer. To know the implication of long-term treatment of antiinflammatory drugs, rebamipide or nimesulide, on H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis, we infected C57BL/6 mice with H. pylori, especially after MNU administration to promote carcinogenesis and the effects of the long-term administration of rebamipide or nimesulide were evaluated. C57BL/6 mice were sacrificed 50 weeks after H. pylori infection. Colonization rates of H. pylori, degree of gastric inflammation and other pathological changes including atrophic gastritis and metaplasia, serum levels and mRNA transcripts of various mouse cytokines and chemokines, and NF-${\kappa}B$ binding activities, and finally the presence of gastric adenocarcinoma were compared between H. pylori infected group (HP), and H. pylori infected group administered with long-term rebamipide containing pellet diets (HPR) or nimesulide mixed pellets (HPN). Gastric mucosal expressions of ICAM-1, HCAM, MMP, and transcriptional regulations of NF-${\kappa}B$ binding were all significantly decreased in HPR group than in HP group. Multi-probe RNase protection assay showed the significantly decreased mRNA levels of apoptosis related genes and various cytokines genes like IFN-$\gamma$, RANTES, TNF-$\alpha$, TNFR p75, IL-$1{\beta}$ in HPR group. In the experiment designed to provoke gastric cancer through MNU treatment with H. pylori infection, the incidence of gastric carcinoma was not changed between HP and HPR group, but significantly decreased in HPN group, suggesting the chemoprevention of H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis by COX-2 inhibition. Long-term administration of antiinflammatory drugs should be considered in the treatment of H. pylori since they showed the molecular and biologic advantages with possible chemopreventive effect against H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis. If the final concrete proof showing the causal relationship between H. pylori infection and gastric carcinogenesis could be obtained, that will shed new light on chemoprevention of gastric cancer, that is, that gastric/cancer could be prevented through either the eradication of H. pylori or lessening the inflammation provoked by H. pylori infection in high risk group.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.513-528
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• 2019

본 논문은 고수 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성 및 항염증 효과를 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 1 mg/mL 농도에서 각각 76.03 ± 1.36 mg of Gallic acid equivalents/g, 182.23±4.32 mg of Rutin equivalents/g으로 나타났고 DPPH와 ABTS radical 소거능은 각각 500 ㎍/mL, 1000 ㎍/mL 농도에서 52.8%, 58.3%의 소거율을 확인하였으며 2000 ㎍/mL 농도에서 환원력을 나타났다. 세포독성 검사 결과, LPS와 함께 처리한 세포에서 고수 추출물 (0-500 ㎍/mL)에 의한 독성이 나타나지 않았고 염증 매개인자인 NO, 염증성 cytokine인 TNF-α 및 IL-1β의 생성량을 농도의존적으로 유의하게 감소시켰다. 또한 염증성 단백질인 iNOS 및 COX-2의 발현 수준을 유의하게 감소시켰고 이런 염증성 단백질 발현을 조절하는 전사인자 NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway의 활성화 수준도 유의하게 억제시킨 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 고수 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 및 항염증 활성을 나타냄으로써 활용 가치가 기능성 식품 및 대체 의약 소재로 이용될 수 있다고 사료된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2015

Objectives : Gastric lesions affect many people around the world and their development are results of the imbalance between destructive and protective factors in the gastric mucosa. Lycium chinense has been widely used as a traditional Korean medicine, it was recently reported that they have potent anti-inflammatory effects in chronic hepatitis models. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of Lycium chinense extract (LCE) on HCl-Ethanol induced gastric lesion mice.Methods : The ICR mice were divided randomly into five groups of six animals each. Group A was normal mice, and group B was treated orally with 0.5 ml 150 mM HCl-60% Ethanol. Mice in group C and D were pre-treatment of LCE (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg bodyweight, p.o before HCl/ethanol treatment) and group E was orally administered sucralfate (10 mg/kg).Results : 150mM HCl/60% ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury mice were ameliorated mucosal damage upon histological evaluation by treatment of LCE. Pre-treatment of LCE attenuated reactive oxidative species (ROS) and produces peroxynitrite (ONOO^-) in stomach tissues. As results of stomach protein analyses, LCE effectively reduce inflammatory-related factors such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in gastric lesion mice. In addition, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inhibitor of phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (p-IκB) were down-regulated in LCE-administrated gastric lesion mice.Conclusions : Our discovery supports that the therapeutic activity of LCE ameliorate the development of gastric lesion via suppressing the oxidative stress and gastric partial inflammation induced by 150 mM HCl/60% ethanol.