• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제21권4호
• /
• pp.93-102
• /
• 2021

The world is facing an unprecedented economic, social and political crisis with the spread of COVID-19. The Corona Virus (COVID-19) and its global spread have resulted in declaring a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The deadly pandemic of 21st century has spread its wings across the globe with an exponential increase in the number of cases in many countries. The developing and underdeveloped countries are struggling hard to counter the rapidly growing and widespread challenge of COVID-19 because it has greatly influenced the global economies whereby the underdeveloped countries are more affected by its devastating impacts, especially the life of the low-income population. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) were particularly useful in spreading key emergency information and helping to maintain extensive social distancing. Updated information and testing results were published on national and local government websites. Mobile devices were used to support early testing and contact tracing. The government provided free smartphone apps that flagged infection hotspots with text alerts on testing and local cases. The purpose of this research work is to provide an in depth overview of emerging technologies and recent ICT developments to combat COVID-19 Pandemic. Finally, the author highlights open challenges in order to give future research directions.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.125-133
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to understand and explore the experiences and meanings of life changes and loneliness caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among older people living in rural areas. Methods: This study adopted an individual interview approach. A total of 33 older adults were interviewed using semi-structured questions between October and December; 2020. The collected data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Four main themes and ten sub-themes emerged. One main theme was "the never-ending anxiety of a changed world", the second theme was "disconnecting from the world through social distancing", the third theme was "working to overcome COVID-19", and forth "health is the most important thing in life." Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we confirmed the urgent need for psycho-social support to relieve loneliness and social isolation of older people in rural areas during the spread of infectious diseases.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.1953-1972
• /
• 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a profound impact on large-scale gatherings throughout the world. Social distancing has become one of the most common measures to restrict the spread of the novel Coronavirus. Islamic pilgrimage attracts millions of pilgrims to Saudi Arabia annually. One of the mandatory rituals of pilgrimage is the symbolic stoning of the devil. Every pilgrim is required to perform this ritual within a specified time on three days of pilgrimage. This ritual is prone to congestion due to strict spatiotemporal requirements. We propose a pedestrian simulation model for implementing social distancing in the stoning ritual. An agent-based simulation is designed to analyze the impact of inter-queue and intra-queue spacing between adjacent pilgrims on the throughput and congestion during the stoning ritual. After analyzing several combinations of intra-queue and inter-queue spacings, we conclude that 25 queues with 1.5 meters of intra-queue spacing result in an optimal combination of throughput and congestion. The Ministry of Hajj in Saudi Arabia may benefit from these findings to manage and plan pilgrimage more effectively.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.85-90
• /
• 2022

In this study, keywords from representative online portal sites such as NAVER, Google, and Youtube were collected based on text mining analysis technique using TEXTOM to check the changes in the restaurant industry before and after COVID-19. The collection keywords were selected as dining out, food service industry, and dining out culture. For the collected data, the top 30 words were derived, respectively, through the refinement process. In addition, comparative analysis was conducted by defining data from 2018 to 2019 before COVID-19, and from 2020 to 2021 after COVID-19. As a result, 8272 keywords before COVID-19 and 9654 keywords after COVID-19, a total of 17926 keywords, were derived. In order for the food service industry to develop after the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to commercialize the recipes of restaurants to revitalize the distribution of home-use food products that replace home-cooked meals such as meal kits. Due to the social distancing caused by COVID-19, the dining out culture has changed and the trend has changed, and it has been confirmed that the consumption culture has changed to eating and delivering at home more safely than visiting restaurants. In addition, it has been confirmed that the consumption culture of existing consumers is changing to a trend of cooking at home rather than visiting restaurants.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.234-252
• /
• 2024

Objectives: This study examined the intake of energy and macronutrients among elementary, middle, and high school students according to household income before the COVID-19 pandemic (2016-2019), during the social distancing period (2020-2021), and after the social distancing measures were lifted (2022). Methods: We included 5,217 students aged 5-18 from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 2016 and 2022. Dietary intake was assessed using one-day 24-hour dietary recalls. We estimated the least squares means (LS-means) of intake according to household income for each period using a weighted linear regression model, adjusted for age and sex. Differences in LS-means between the periods were analyzed using the t-test. Results: During the social distancing period, the LS-means of energy intake among students decreased significantly by 143.2 kcal/day compared to pre-pandemic levels (P < 0.001). Students from low-income households experienced a more pronounced decrease in energy intake (-379.1 kcal/day, P < 0.001) and macronutrient intake compared to those from other income groups. Energy intake at school significantly declined for all income groups during the social distancing period compared to before the pandemic. No significant changes in home energy intake were observed among low-income students, whereas there was an increase for students from higher-income groups. Before the pandemic, 8.5% of students from low-income households reported insufficient food due to economic difficulties; this figure rose to 21.3% during the pandemic. Conclusions: During the pandemic, students from low-income families experienced significantly lower intake of energy and macronutrients compared to pre-pandemic levels. The most substantial reductions were noted among low-income students, largely due to the lack of compensation for decreased school-based intake with increased intake at home.

• 한국경제지리학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.127-142
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 서울지역 COVID-19 확진자의 증가와 지하철 통행의 감소 변화에서 나타나는 특징을 파악하고, 이들 간의 상관관계에 근거하여 추출한 주성분을 바탕으로 지하철역을 군집 분류하고 군집별 특성을 분석하였다. 특히 COVID-19 확산 이전인 2019년부터 사회적 거리두기가 지속된 2020년까지 서울 지하철역별 시간대별, 주별, 월별 지하철 통행의 변화 패턴을 살펴보고, 통행 증가형과 감소형 역으로 구분한 후 감소형 중 상위 10분 위에 해당하는 역, 하위 10분위에 해당하는 역의 인구 및 토지이용 특성을 파악하였다. 분석 결과, COVID-19 확진과 지하철 통행은 서로 부(-)의 상관관계를 나타냈고, 지하철 통행과 역 배후지 토지이용 특성에 따라 서울 지하철체계를 구성하는 역들은 6개 유형으로 군집화되었다. 통행 감소 상위 10분위에 속하는 역은 낮 시간대 선택 통행의 분포가 높고, 역 배후지는 상업용 및 문화, 교육과 사회활동 관련 토지이용이 상대적으로 높아 향후 전염병 종료에 따른 지역 회복성도 매우 탄력적으로 반응할 것으로 전망된다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2021

Background: To fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many countries have implemented social distancing and lockdowns. We investigated the changes in the trauma patterns of emergency plastic surgeries in the midst of a pandemic. Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of all patients treated for emergency plastic surgeries was performed at our hospital in Seoul. We conducted the analysis between March 1 and June 30, 2020, and compared the data obtained with that of the same period in 2019. We also investigated changes in trauma patterns according to the social distancing level from July 2020 to February 2021. Results: There was a total of 800 emergency plastic surgery patients from March to June 2020, which was less than the 981 in the corresponding period in 2019. The proportion of patients aged 7-17 years and ≥ 80 in 2020 showed a significant decrease. In 2020, patients presenting with facial trauma decreased and hand trauma, markedly laceration, increased significantly. In 2020, more injuries happened at home, whereas significantly fewer injuries happened on the streets. In 2020, slipping and sports injury decreased, whereas penetrating injury increased significantly. In the changes observed according to the social distancing level, there were significant differences in age classification, facial open wound, and the mechanism of injury. Conclusion: Social distancing has caused a change in emergency plastic surgeries. To ensure safe and appropriate treatment, strict epidemiologic workup and protective equipment are required.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2023

This paper reviews the global effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents in South Korea, the U.S., Japan, and China. We reviewed research on deteriorated mental health, including increased suicide, suicidal thoughts, and self-harm. Various studies have shown that students' mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety, have worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the number of students who committed suicide has significantly increased in the U.S. and Japan. Factors such as prior mental health status, change in daily routine, reduced physical activity, excessive screen time, overuse of electronic devices, and reduced social support have been reported to have a significant effect. The chain of deteriorating mental health among the youth began at the onset of COVID-19, social distancing, and school closure. As youths began to stay at home instead of going to school, they lost opportunities to connect with their friends or teachers, who could provide support outside of their homes. Young people spent less time on physical activity and more time online, which damaged their sleeping schedule and daily routine. In preparing for the post-pandemic phase, we should thoroughly analyze the long-term effects of the pandemic on youth mental health, while simultaneously tackling current imminent issues.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.496-506
• /
• 2023

본 연구는 COVID-19로 인한 사회적 거리두기를 경험한 대학생의 사회·정서적 고립감, 우울, 스마트폰 중독 간의 관계를 살펴보고 대학생의 스마트폰 중독에 영향을 주는 요인을 파악하기 위해 시도되었다. 본 연구에 참여한 대상자는 4개 대학교에 재학 중인 220명이며, 자료수집은 구글 폼으로 설문지를 구성하여 시행하였다. 자료 분석은 SPSS/WIN 28.0 프로그램을 이용하여 변수의 특성에 따라 통계적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구 결과, 대학생의 스마트폰 중독은 사회·정서적 고립감(r=.44, p<.001), 우울(r=.51, p<.001)과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였으며, 대학생의 스마트폰 중독에 영향을 주는 요인은 성별(β=.176, p=.001), 주말 스마트폰 사용 시간 7-9시간(β=.387, p=.001), 10-12시간(β=.313, p=.006), 12시간 이상(β=.299, p=<.001), 우울(β=.302, p<.001), 사회·정서적 고립감(β=.210, p=.004)이었다. 회귀모형은 통계적으로 유의하였으며 (F=15.81, p<.001) 모형의 설명력은 43% (adj R²=.43, p<.001)였다. 따라서 대학생의 스마트폰 중독을 예방하기 위해 사회·정서적 고립감과 우울을 감소시킬 수 있는 정신건강 증진 프로그램을 개발하여 활용할 필요가 있다.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.12-24
• /
• 2024

Purpose: This study examines the levels of adherence to quarantine guidelines, mental health, and instrumental activities of daily living among elderly individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify correlations among these variables. Methods: A survey was conducted from February 28, 2023, to May 19, 2023, among 210 elderly individuals aged 65 and above residing in rural areas. The relationships among adherence to quarantine guidelines, mental health, and instrumental activities of daily living were tested using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Results: Loneliness was positively correlated with subdomains, including familial loneliness, social loneliness, and a sense of belonging, whereas depression was significantly negatively correlated with adherence to quarantine guidelines(cough etiquette, ventilation, mask wearing, and environmental disinfection) and rules of social distancing. Conclusion: Analyzing the various factors influencing adherence to quarantine guidelines among the elderly and developing and implementing intervention programs are essential for future research.