• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.2237-2243
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• 2020

Background: The myofascial release technique is known to be an effective technique for increasing posterior fascia flexibility in short hamstring syndrome (SHS) subjects. But therapeutic mechanism of myofascial relaxation remains unclear. Recently, the theory of autonomic nervous system domination has been raised, however, a proper study to test the theory has not been conducted. Objectives: To investigate whether the application of the myofascial release technique can induce changes in the autonomic nervous system and affect the secretion of stress hormones and myofascial relaxation. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Methods: Twenty-four subjects with SHS were randomly divided into two groups. In the experimental group, the suboccipital muscle inhibition (SMI) technique was applied to the subjects for 4 min in supine position, and in the control group, the subjects were lying in the supine position only. A forward flexion distance (FFD) was conducted, blood pressure, heart rate, and cortisol levels were measured before and after the intervention and 30 min after intervention to determine myofascial relaxation and stress hormone levels. The evaluation was conducted separately in blind by an evaluator. Results: A FFD decreased in the experimental group, no change in cortisol was observed. On the contrary, a decrease in cortisol appeared in the control group after 30 minutes. Conclusion: The myofascial release technique is an effective treatment to increase the range of motion through posterior superior myofascial chain, but there is no evidence that myofascial release technique can control the autonomic nervous system.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.33.1-33.7
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• 2023

Background: Laminitis is a complex and debilitating disease of horses. Numerous predisposing factors contribute to laminitis development, however the exact pathogenesis remains undetermined. Serum T4, cortisol, and histamine are components of the innate stress response and could play a causative or contributory role. Stress hormone concentrations in laminitis are largely unknown. Objective: To evaluate parameters associated with stress response in horses with laminitis, and compare these to healthy horses and horses with gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Methods: Thirty-eight adult horses presenting for non-medical conditions, GI abnormalities, or clinical laminitis were prospectively enrolled. Horses were assigned to the appropriate disease group (healthy, GI disease, and laminitis) and had blood drawn on presentation to the hospital. Samples were analyzed for plasma endogenous adrenocorticotrophic hormone (eACTH), serum cortisol, serum thyroid hormone, and plasma histamine. Results: Stress hormone concentrations were significantly different between horses in the laminitis and GI disease groups. Plasma histamine levels were highest in horses with laminitis, compared with GI disease and controls. Both horses with laminitis and GI disease had increased plasma eACTH when compared to healthy horses. Horses with GI disease had higher serum cortisol concentrations than horses with laminitis or controls. Serum T4 was lower in horses with GI disease than in horses with laminitis and controls. Conclusions: Horses with laminitis had relative increases in both plasma histamine and eACTH concentrations. Serum T4 and cortisol concentrations of horses with laminitis did not differ significantly when compared to healthy horses. The role of stress hormones in equine disease warrants further investigation.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.783-791
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine my hypothesis that how teacher's teaching style influences emotional and physiological states of students in the secondary school science classroom. Sixty healthy secondary school students were participated in this study and divided into two groups: manipulation and non-manipulation. Each group underwent different styles of teaching on the scientific hypothesis-generating of com starch experiment. Before and after the class, the strength of emotion was measured using adjective emoticon check lists and they extracted their saliva sample for salivary hormone analysis. Here are the results of this study. First, the intensity of positive emotions in the manipulation group was significantly stronger than the one in the non-manipulation group, whereas the intensity of negative emotions in the non-manipulation group was significantly stronger than the one in the manipulation group. Second, the cortisol level, an indicator of stress, was decreased in the manipulation group whereas it was increased in non-manipulation group. Third, the quality of scientific hypotheses which is generated by students during the class had no connection with types of instructions. Fourth, this study found significantly negative correlation between students' emotional intensity of interest and concentration changes of salivary cortisol. Therefore, the different teaching styles have influence upon students' attitude and interest in science.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.92-98
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• 2013

Objective: Constraint induced aphasia therapy (CIAT) is a more intensive form of language treatment for aphasia as compared to traditional treatments. This study examined whether there are differences in cortisol stress levels between the two methods of aphasia treatment as well as effects on language skills. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of 20 participants with expressive aphasia were randomly placed into one of the two treatment groups. The CIAT group received 10 days of intensive treatment over two weeks. The traditional therapy group received 6 days of treatment over 2 weeks. All participants in each group provided salivary cortisol samples before treatment, at the mid-point of treatment, and at the conclusion of treatment. Language skills were assessed before treatment and at the conclusion of treatment. Results: A significantly higher proportion of individuals in the CIAT treatment group had increased salivary cortisol stress levels when compared to the traditional treatment group at the mid-point of the program (80% versus 30% respectively, p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the proportion of individuals with increased cortisol stress by the end of the treatment. Language scores for word repetition and overall aphasia quotient significantly improved for the CIAT group when compared to the traditional group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The CIAT treatment appears to initially create increased psychophysiological stress as compared to the traditional treatment. In spite of the initial increases in psychophysiological stress, participants appear to become conditioned to the challenge and ultimately have enhanced benefit from CIAT treatment.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.349-360
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• 2018

This study analyzed variations of learning stress by comparing the salivary cortisol levels of students who participated in Earth Science inquiry activities. The cortisol concentrations between the pre- and post-inquiries of the sample of 34 university students, who had taken the course of 'Basic Earth Science and Experiments', were analyzed. The Earth Science inquiries consisted of geology and astronomy activities. The observational geology activities consisted of a session of 'structure contours and map patterns' and the cognitive astronomy activities consisted of a session of 'representations of horizontal and equatorial coordinates'. These Earth Science inquiry activities were found to cause students to have anxiety, and the thought processes that these activities involved were found to cause learning stress. The variations in cortisol concentrations of students increased by $1.6{\pm}5.9ng\;mL^{-1}$ after conducting observational activities in geology compared with $2.1{\pm}6.2ng\;mL^{-1}$ after doing cognitive activities in astronomy. The analysis of the observational activities in the geology inquiry activities indicated that they were consistent with low levels of learning stress. Conversely, the analysis of the cognitive activities in the astronomy inquiry activities showed significant individual variations in cortisol concentrations. Furthermore, individual differences in cognitive ability were reflected in the astronomy inquiry activities. While students, who received high scores, exhibited low levels of stress in the geology inquiry activities, they showed high levels of stress in the astronomy inquiry activities. It was concluded that, in the case of students with high scores in the study, the level of learning stress increased due to the raised anxiety in cognitive inquiry activities. In contrast, students, who received low scores in the study, exhibited high levels of stress in the geology inquiry activities, and low levels of stress in the astronomy inquiry activities.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.279-287
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• 2012

We investigated the changes in plasma sex steroid hormones, testosterone (T), estradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$), 17,$20{\beta}$-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one ($17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$), 11-ketotestosterone (11KT) and cortisol levels from ribbed gunnel, Dictyosoma burgeri in associated with annual reproductive cycle. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) of females increased from November, peaked in February and decreased rapidly from March. The GSI of males also increased from November, peaked in January and then decreased gradually. In females, $E_2$ levels increased and remained high from December to February. The levels of T showed a similar tendency and correlated ($r_s$=0.898, p<0.01) with $E_2$ levels. The levels of $17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$ increased rapidly in February ($4.78{\pm}1.01ng/ml$) and peaked in July ($5.08{\pm}0.65ng/ml$). Cortisol level was peaked in March and correlated with $17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$ levels ($r_s$=0.696, p<0.01). In males, the levels of T was peaked in January and then decreased rapidly. The levels of 11KT were remained high from October to January. On the other hand, the levels of $17{\alpha}20{\beta}P$ fluctuated during reproductive cycle. These results suggest that plasma sex steroids in ribbed gunnels have annual periodicity, and that cortisol may involve in maturation of females.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 1990

After intravenous administration of Se Pye San water extract in the rabbit, the change of plasma cortisol concentration, arterial blood $PCO_2$ and $PO_2$ was obtained such results as follows. 1. The plasma cortisol concentration in the control group was constant, but after intravenous administration of Se Pye San water extract at the dose of 0.2 ml/kg, the above concentration was increased significantly from 2 to 3 hours. Also, the above concentration was increased remarkably at the dose of 0.4 ml/kg from 1 to 4 hours. 2. After intravenous administration of Se Pye San water extract at each dose of 0.2 ml/kg and 0.4 ml/kg, arterial blood $PCO_2$ was decreased remarkably from 1 to 4 hours. 3. No change after intravenous administration of Se Pye San water extract at the dose of 0.2 ml/kg, while arterial blood $PO_2$ was decreased significantly at the dose of 0.4 ml/kg on 3 hours. As a results of the above, the therapeutic action of Se Pye San water extract effected with Jisu (止嗽), Jeong Cheon (定喘), Geo Dam, Cheong Yeol (淸熱) would be related with the increased both plasma cortisol concentration and arterial blood $PO_2$, and the decrease of arterial blood $PCO_2$.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.112-119
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• 1990

To evaluate effects of Sam so on Pye Tang(SSOPT) Water Extract plasma cortisol concentration and plasma $CO_2$ in the Rabbit. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Intravenous administration of SSOPT water extract at the dose of 0.5ml/kg remarkably increased plasma cortisol concentration on 1 hour. 2. Intravenous adminitration of SSOPT Water extract at the does of 1.0ml/kg significantly decreased plasma $CO_2$ on 1 hour. 3. Intravenous adminitration of SSOPT Water extract at the does of 0.5ml/kg remarkable decreased plasma $Na^+$ from 1 to 4 hour and 1.0ml/kg significantly decreased plasma $Na^+$ on 1 hour. 4. Intravenous administration of SSOPT Water extract at the does of 1.0ml/kg remarkably increased plasma $k^+$ from 1 to 3 hour. 5. Intravenous administration of SSOPT water extract at the does of 0.5ml/kg significantly decreased plasma $CI^-$ on 3, 4 hours. and 1.0ml/kg remarkably increased plasma $CI^-$ on 4 hour. These results suggest that therapeutic action of SSOPT water extract for athma may be reated with the increment of plasma cortisol concentration and the decrease plsma $CO_2.$.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.502-513
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• 2018

Objectives: Stress hormone (cortisol) can be used to analyze psychological and physiological changes and healing effects before and after in blood and saliva. Here it is applied to scientifically validate the effects of the healthy forest experience in Deogyusan Mountain National Park. Methods: A healthy forest experience program was provided to college students (males and females) at Deogyusan National Park. Stress, hormones (cortisol), blood pressure, pulse, oxygen saturation and stress, anxiety, and depression were measured. This study was designed to objectively analyze the effects of stress hormones before and after. Results: Depression, stress, anxiety, and satisfaction with the forest experience program in Deogyusan National Park were very high in reliability in terms of Cronbach's Alpha: depression scored 0.910, stress 0.558, anxiety 0.934, program satisfaction 0.826, and program effectiveness 0.894. Conclusions: In this study, we utilized the Healthy Forest Experience Program and the 'Health and Medical Center Health Record Book' of the Health Forest Experience Program (Ministry of Environment's Environmental Education Certification Program). In the future, we will seek ways to utilize saliva since it is easier to collect than blood samples and apply the stress hormone cortisol as a saliva authentication program. In addition, by implementing ecological welfare programs in which nature and human beings coexist through systematic preservation and restoration, the national park management can utilize ecological, scenic and cultural services wisely. We expect to be able to provide exploration and welfare services.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.272-278
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• 1997

Many investigators are trying to elucidate the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders on the basis of neuroendocrine responses to stimulation or perturbation. Dexamethasone(DEX) suppression has been the most widely utilized as the prototypical challenge test. Dexamethasone suppression test(DST) has proven to be valuable in diagnosing the depressive spectrum disorder. Reported specificity of diagnosis of depression is relatively high, but sensitivity is limited. Some researchers used the combination of dexamethasone and corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH) in order to improve the sensitivity. They reported that combined DEX/CRH test is more sensitive than DST alone. In this study the authors modified the DEX/CRH test, i.e., we administered the insulin instead of CRH. Total subjects were 28(7 normal controls, 10 manic patients, 11 schizophrenic patients). Subjects were taken DEX(1.5mg p.o.) at 11 p.m., insulin 16 hours later(0.1 unit/kg i.v.). Five blood samples for the determination of cortisol and ACTH were serially drawn at 15 minute interval. The results are as followings : 1) The cortisol and ACTH levels of manic subjects increased following insulin administration. Manic subjects showed higher levels of cortisol and ACTH than schizophrenic and normal control subjects. The cortisol and ACTH levels of schizophrenic and normal control subjects did not show gross changes. 2) The sensitivity of the test was lower than that of reported DEX/CRH test.