• 재활간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.197-206
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• 2004

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between the level of activity daily living and powerlessness of spinal cord injury patients'. Method: The subjects for the study consisted of 68 persons agreed above twenty below seventy had had spinal cord injury. The data were collected from November 1, 2003 to January 30, 2004. The instruments used for this study were ADL check List and Powerlessness Scale. The data were analysed by using SPSS computerlized program and included number, percentage, t-test and ANOVA, Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Results: The mean of activity daily living was paraplegia $49.53{\pm}10.91$ and tetraplegia $25.65{\pm}13.24$. The mean of powerlessness was paraplegia $35.22{\pm}9.50$ and tetraplegia $37.55{\pm}9.01$. In the relationship between activity daily living and powerlessness were significant difference. Conclusion: in order to increase the level of activity daily living of rehabilization nurse should be helpful to provide them. Also, it could be identified that informational support was important, that is, the lesser the informational support, spinal cord injury patient don't feel the powerlessness.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.185-189
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• 1997

A sex cord tumor with annnular tubules is a relatively rare ovarian neoplasm. The cytologic findings from a fine needle aspiration biopsy of neck metastasis of a sex cord tumor with annnular tubules are described. The origin of the neck metastasis was the right ovary, and the tumor was diagnosed six years ago. The cytologic findings were characterized by tumor cells arranged in solid or follicular patterns. The tumor cells formed rosette-like or complex tubular structures with central rounded or coalesced hyaline materials. It was difficult to distinguish this tumor cytologically from granulosa cell tumor, thyroid follicular neoplasm, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor, and Brenner tumor, but complex tubular structures were helpful in discriminating between these tumors.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.384-397
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Treadmill Training on WISCI level, walking velocity, walking endurance, motor score and gait cycle of spinal cord injury patient with incomplete. Four subjects with spinal cord injury participated in this study. They took walking excercise 5 times per week for 8 weeks. One time excercise spent 30minutes. The theraputic effect was evaluated by WISCI level, walk 10 meters test, walk for 12 minutes test, motor score and gait cycle. Four subjects were examined before, after 8 week, walking training. Collected data were statistically analyzed by SPSS PC for Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results of this study are as follows; 1) In WISCI level, walking velocity, walking endurance and motor score, post - treatment score were higher compared to pre-treatment score with statistical significance(p<0.05). 2) In Rt SLS, DLSII and Lt SLS, post-treatment percentage were higher compared to pre-treatment percentage with statistical significance(p<0.05). but DLSI were not statistical significance(p>0.05). The findings suggest that spinal cord injury patients with incomplete can improve their WISCI level, walking velocity, walking endurance, motor score and gait cycle through Treadmill gait training.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.190-198
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• 2003

Expression of c-fos, an immediate early gene, has accepted to be a marker of functional activity in neurons. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of cold therapy on the expression of spinal cord c-fos in rats of carrageenan-induced muscle pain. Muscle pain was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intra-muscular injection of gastrocnemius with $2\%$ carrageenan. The paw withdrawal latency (PWL) and tail flick test (TFT) responses to heat stimuli were used to detect secondary hyperalgesia produced by the muscle pain and measured to assess the effects of cold. The expression of c-fos was determined in the lumbar regions of the spinal cord by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry assays. The secondary hyperalgesia to heat simuli (PWL and TFT) were significantly reduced in cold therapy compared with that in the controls. In RT-PCR assays the expression of c-fos mRNA was down-regulated in the lumbar spinal cord in cold group. In addition, Fos immunoreactivity in the dorsal horn of the lumbar spinal cord was decreased in cold group. These results suggested that application of cold attributed to increase PWL and TFT responses and to decrease expression of the c-fos produced by muscle pain.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1999

In general, sitting balance is decreased in subjects with spinal cord injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the Functional Reach Test (FRT) which is used to measure sitting balance. The subjects of this study were 26 persons with spinal cord injury, and they were divided into three groups according to their injury level. Group I, II and III consisted of the following $C_5{\sim}C_8$ quadriplegics, $T_1{\sim}T_4$, and $T_9{\sim}T_12$ paraplegics, respectively. Subjects sat on a mat table that was set at an 80 degree inclination. During three sessions, the length subjects could reach in the FRT test was measured by three physical therapists, and compared to each other. The results showed that intraclass correlation coefficients (2,1) were above 0.97 and inter-rater difference was not statistically significant. The one-way ANOVA demonstrated that reach differed between groups with lower thoracic lesion and the other test groups. In conclusion, we think modified FRT is useful and reliable method to measure the sitting balance in subjects with spinal cord injury.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was examined the effect of training using a Virtual Reality System on the sitting balance and Activities of Daily Living for patients with a spinal cord injury. Methods: The subjects were divided into an experimental (6 persons) and control group (5 persons). The experimental group trained the 5 programs, three times per week for 6 weeks using the Virtual Reality System and five days for week using conventional physical therapy. The control group trained five days for a week using conventional physical therapy. Results: The difference in the mean Spinal Cord Independence Measurement (SCIM) score in the experimental and control groups was increased to 8.33 and 6.60 (p=0.79), respectively. The difference in the mean functional reaching test in experimental and control group increased to 4.21 and 1.09 (p=0.25), respectively. The difference in the mean sitting time in experimental and control group increased to 41.05 and 10.33 (p=0.66), respectively. There was a difference in the mean of all variances but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: These results suggest that training using the Virtual Reality System increased the SCIM, functional reaching test and sitting time in people with a spinal cord injury.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.298-303
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• 2023

This study aimed to describe a rare case of gnathostomiasis in the vocal cord. A 54-yearold Chinese woman living in Korea visited with a chief complaint of voice change at the outpatient department of otorhinolaryngology in Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University on August 2, 2021. She had eaten raw conger a few weeks before the voice change developed, but her medical history and physical examinations demonstrated neither gastrointestinal symptoms nor other health problems. A round and red cystic lesion, recognized in the anterior part of the right vocal cord, was removed using forceps and scissors through laryngeal microsurgery. The histopathological specimen of the cyst revealed 3 cross-sections of a nematode larva in the lumen of the cyst wall composed of inflammatory cells and fibrotic tissues. They differ in diameter, from 190 ㎛ to 235 ㎛. They showed characteristic cuticular layers with tegumental spines, somatic muscle layers, and gastrointestinal tracts such as the esophagus and intestine. Notably, intestinal sections consisted of 27-28 lining cells containing 0-4 nuclei per cell. We tentatively identified the nematode larva recovered from the vocal cord cystic lesion as the thirdstage larva of Gnathostoma, probably G. nipponicum or G. hispidum, based on the sectional morphologies.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.66-79
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between rehabilitation motive and social support perceived by spinal cord injury patients. Method: Data were collected by the questionnaires from 83 patients with spinal cord injury in a hospital. It was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Peason's correlation coefficients. Result: The social support score was 3.51 of 5 in average. The connectedness of subordinate portion was the highest as 3.57. The rehabilitation motive was 2.93 of maximum 4.00 in average. Among sub-dimensions of the rehabilitation motive, the mean score of change oriented motivation was 3.27 as the highest. The higher the direct support, the higher the indirect support(r=.663, p=.000). The higher the rehabilitation motive, the higher the direct(r=.282, p=.010) and indirect support(r=.397, p=.000). Conclusion: According to this study, the social support had the significant relationship with the rehabilitation motive. The social support was the key factor to enhance the rehabilitation motive psychologically. Finally, there is a need to develop the nursing intervention improve the social support for the spinal cord injury patients.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the general characteristics, complications and level of social adaptation of spinal cord injured patients. The subjects were one hundred forty five members who were inpatients or outpatients from October 1, 2004 to April 30, 2005 in general hospitals and municipal welfare centers for the handicapped located in the metropolitan city of Gwangju. The following results were obtained using Modified Barthel Index (MBI). 1) Gender distribution was 77.9% male and 22.1% female. The mean age at the time of injury was 35.4 and the mean age during the study was 44.2. 2) The degree of paralysis among the subjects was as follows: 49.0% had complete paralysis and 51.0% suffered incomplete paralysis. The most frequently injured lesion among the subjects was cervical (49.0%), followed by thoracic (35.9%), and lumbar (15.2%). 3) The mean MBI score was 63.5. There was statistically significant difference in the MBI score in the relation between complete and incomplete paralysis, the relation between cervical, thoracic, and lumbar injury, and the relation between a recovery period of less than three years and more than three years according to the characteristics of injury (p<.05). 4) There was statistically significant difference in the MBI score of subjects who had complications concerning spasticity, deformity, urinary tract infection, and sexual dysfunction (p<.05). 5) The most serious emotional pain after spinal cord injury resulted from economic issues, which affected 35.2% of the subjects. The group having a shorter recovery period after spinal cord injury complained of psychological matters, the group having a longer recovery period complained about the surrounding environment (lack of convenient facilities), suggesting statistically significant difference (p<.05). 6) The most common activities of the group with injuries more than ten years old included meeting schoolmates and working, while most common activities of the group with injuries less than three years old included attending religious functions and miscellaneous others (watching TV, spending time with family), suggesting statistically significant difference (p<.05).

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.70-74
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• 2013

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the application of whole body vibration training (WBV) on the balance ability of patients with an American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) type C or D spinal cord injury. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twelve patients with spinal cord injury were enrolled in this study. The participants were randomized to an experimental group (n=6) or control group (n=6). The subjects in the experimental group received WBV exercise and the control group received the sham exercise without vibration. The vibrations were adjusted vertically to the patient at a 30 Hz frequency and 3 mm amplitude. The whole body vibration lasted for 16 minutes in total including 5-minutes warm-up and cool-down at the beginning and end of the program, respectively. The static sitting balance ability was assessed by measuring the postural sway while sitting on the force plate with the eyes opened or closed. Postural sway length was measured for 30 seconds with a self-selected comfortable position. Results: In the static balance test, the anterio-posterior, medio-lateral, and total postural sway length with the eyes open and closed was improved significantly before and after the intervention in the experimental group (p<0.05). The experimental group showed significantly more improvement than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results demonstrated that WBV training has a positive effect on improving static sitting balance and enhanced control of postural sway in patients with an ASIA-C or D type spinal cord injury.