• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.330-338
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• 2006

연구배경: 만성폐쇄성폐질환은 기도염증으로 인한 기도폐쇄를 특징으로 하는 질환이지만, 질병의 경과중에 체중감소나 근위축 같은 전신증상을 동반하게 된다. 만성 염증과 산화 스트레스가 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 병인에 중요한 역할을 하므로 신체질량지수의 감소와 관련이 있을 것으로 추측할 수 있다. 연구자 등은 안정된 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자에서 신체질량지수와 관련된 인자를 알아보기 위해 다음과 같은 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법: 안정된 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자 53명(남:여=49:4, 평균나이=$68.25{\pm}6.32$)과 정상 대조군 33명을 대상으로 폐기능 검사를 실시하고 전신염증인자로 혈청 IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$를 측정하고 산화 스트레스 인자로 혈청 8-iso-prostaglandin $F_2{\alpha}$와 carbonyl protein을 측정하여 비교하였다. 또한 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자를 신체질량지수에 따라 다시 3군(<18.5, 18.5-25, >25)으로 나누어 각각의 수치들을 비교하였고 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 중증도에 따라 신체질량지수를 비교하였다. 결 과: 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자와 정상 대조군의 혈청에서 IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, carbonyl protein은 유의한 차이가 없었으며 8-iso-prostaglandin $F_2{\alpha}$은 각각 $456.08{\pm}574.12pg/ml$, $264.74{\pm}143.15pg/ml$로 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자에서 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 만성폐쇄성폐질환에서 신체질량지수의 차이에 따라 혈청 IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, carbonyl protein과 8-iso-prostaglandin $F_2{\alpha}$은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 신체질량지수에 따른 환자의 $FEV_1$은 각각 $0.93{\pm}0.25L$, $1.34{\pm}0.52L$, $1.72{\pm}0.41L$로 신체질량지수가 낮을수록 $FEV_1$ 값도 감소하는 경향을 보였고(p=0.002, r=0.42), 최중증 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자의 신체질량지수는 $19.8{\pm}2.57$로 중등증의 환자의 $22.6{\pm}3.14$에 비해 유의하게 낮았다(p<0.05). 결 론: 본 연구에서 안정된 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자의 신체질량지수는 전신염증인자와 산화 스트레스의 정도와는 관련을 보이지 않았으나 기도폐쇄의 정도와는 관련이 있을 것으로 사료된다. 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자에서 신체질량지수의 감소와 관련된 인자에 대해서는 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제85권2호
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• pp.122-136
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• 2022

Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) have distinct clinical features, both diseases may coexist in a patient because they share similar risk factors such as smoking, male sex, and old age. Patients with both emphysema in upper lung fields and diffuse ILD are diagnosed with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE), which causes substantial clinical deterioration. Patients with CPFE have higher mortality compared with patients who have COPD alone, but results have been inconclusive compared with patients who have idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Poor prognostic factors for CPFE include exacerbation, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension. The presence of interstitial lung abnormalities, which may be an early or mild form of ILD, is notable among patients with COPD, and is associated with poor prognosis. Various theories have been proposed regarding the pathophysiology of CPFE. Biomarker analyses have implied that this pathophysiology may be more closely associated with IPF development, rather than COPD or emphysema. Patients with CPFE should be advised to quit smoking and undergo routine lung function tests, and pulmonary rehabilitation may be helpful. Various pharmacologic agents and surgical approaches may be beneficial in patients with CPFE, but further studies are needed.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.163-175
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• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed to define the relationship among self-care, symptom experiences, and health-related quality of life(HRQoL) according to the severity of disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) patients. Methods: The participants, 195 COPD patients, were recruited at a pulmonology clinic of a universityaffiliated medical center in B metropolitan city. Inclusion criteria were patients who were diagnosed as COPD and had less than 0.7 of $FEV_1$/FVC(Forced Expiratory Volume for 1 second/Forced Vital Capacity) ratio. The severity was classified with GOLD(Global initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease) stages, $FEV_1%$ predicted value from mild to very severe. The data were gathered by the medical records and self-reported questionnaires. Results: The self-care, symptom experience, and HRQoL were all significantly different by COPD severity based on pulmonary function(p<.05). There were significant moderate negative relationships between symptom experiences and self-care(r=-.54, p<.001) and between symptom experiences and HRQoL(r=-.64, p<.001). There was a moderate positive correlation between self-care and HRQoL(r=.63, p<.001). Conclusion: It suggests that the assessment of disease severity based on pulmonary function and subjective symptom experience in patients with COPD may be a key component to develop a tailored self-management program and to improve their quality of life.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2007

연구배경: 만성폐쇄성폐질환(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD) 환자군에서 우울증 및 불안장애의 유병률이 높고, 이는 치료경과 및 사망률에도 영향을 주는 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 국내연구가 미비한 COPD환자들의 우울과 불안심리에 대한 평가를 하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2005년 9월부터 2006년 8월까지 이화의료원 호흡기내과에서 외래치료 중인 72명의 COPD환자와 정상 대조군 50명에서 Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)와 State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)로 설문조사를 시행하였고, 임상기록을 분석하였다. 결 과: 1) 연령과 체질량지수, 혈청 알부민 수치는 환자군과 대조군간의 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 우울심리는 BDI점수가 환자군 16(0-37), 대조군 12(1-30)으로 환자군에서 유의하게 높았고(p=0.001), 21점 이상의 우울집단은 환자군이 36%로 대조군 6%에 비해 많았다(p<0.0001). 환자군에서는 경증군 18%(4/22), 중등증군 30%(6/20), 중증군 52%(13/25), 심한 중증군 60%(3/5)로 중증일수록 빈도가 높았다(p=0.008). 2) 불안심리는 환자군에서 SAI 점수 44(20-67), TAI점수 47(20-66)로 각각 대조군 39(26-65), 44(33-90)보다 유의하게 높았다(p=0.005, p=0.022). 환자군에서 BDI와 STAI점수는 상관관계를 보였고(p<0.001), 우울집단에서 불안점수가 유의하게 높았다. 3) COPD환자군에서 우울집단은 비우울집단보다 체질량지수, 기관지확장제후 $FEV_1$의 예측치가 유의하게 낮았고, 현재 흡연자의 비율과 중증도, STAI점수가 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 4) 연령과 성별을 통제한 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석상 95% 신뢰구간으로 비차비는 체질량지수 0.9(p=0.311), 현재 흡연자 3.2(p=0.051), 중증군이상 3.9로(p=0.027), 중증이상의 중증도가 유일한 우울증 발생의 독립적 위험요인이었다. 결 론: COPD환자군에서 우울증과 불안심리가 흔하게 관찰되며, 체질량지수, 폐기능, 현재 흡연력이 우울관련 요인으로 특히 중증도가 높을수록 우울증과 불안장애의 관리가 필요함을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2004

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is characterized by a not entirely reversible limitation in the airflow. An airflow limitation is progressive and associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lung to gases and harmful particles. In COPD, the weight loss is commonly observed and there is a negative impact on the respiratory as well as skeletal muscle function. The pathophysiological mechanisms that result in weight loss in COPD are not fully understood. However, the mechanisms of weight loss in COPD may be the result of an increased energy expenditure unbalanced by an adequate dietary intake. The commonly occurring weight loss and muscle wasting in COPD patients adversely affect the respiratory and peripheral muscle function, the exercise capacity, the health status, and even the survival rates. Therefore, it is very valuable to include management strategies that the increase energy balance in order to increase the weight and fat free mass. A Better understanding of the molecular and cellular pathological mechanisms of COPD can improve the many new directions for both the basic and clinical investigations. The Nutritional supply is an important components of a multidisciplinary pulmonary rehabilitation program. Future studies combining an exercise program, the role of anabolic steroids, nutritional individualization, a more targeted nutritional therapy, and the development of new drugs including anti-cytokines is needed for the effective management of COPD.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.342-353
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• 2020

본 연구는 COPD 환자의 일상적인 자가관리와 증상악화 시 대처 경험을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 32명의 COPD 환자를 대상으로 1:1 면담을 시행하였으며 수집된 자료는 내용분석을 시행하였다. 연구결과 COPD 환자의 일상생활 자가관리에 대한 경험은 '질병예방활동을 수행함', '가벼운 운동을 시행함', '약물복용방법을 준수함', '식이관리를 시행함', '휴식을 취함' 의 5가지 주제가 도출되었다. 그리고 COPD 증상 악화시 대처에 대한 경험은 '의료서비스를 이용함', '충분하게 휴식을 취함', '처방약물을 복용함', '호흡법을 시행함' 의 4가지 주제가 도출되었다. COPD 환자의 증상 악화시 구체적인 증상 및 대처법에 대한 교육이 필요하며 자가관리 및 증상악화 시 대처 경험 중 자가관리 관련 선행문헌에 포함되지 않은 항목의 과학적 효과를 확인하는 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.461-472
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• 2022

본 연구는 COPD 환자를 대상으로 자가관리를 증진시키기 위한 건강정보 경험을 탐색하였다. 자료가 포화상태에 이를 때까지 COPD를 진단받은 성인 환자 30명을 면담하였으며 수집된 자료는 전통적인 내용분석을 시행하였다. 환자의 자가관리 건강정보에 관한 경험은 '건강정보에 따른 자가관리 실천', '건강정보에 따른 자가관리 실천에 어려움', '자가관리 건강정보를 얻기 위한 다양한 노력', '건강정보 제공에 대한 만족감' 의 네가지 주제가 도출되었다. 대부분의 대상자는 주치의가 설명한 건강정보 외에는 자가관리 증진을 위한 구체적인 건강정보 제공을 받지 못하였음을 확인할 수 있었다. 다양한 의료진으로부터 건강정보를 제공받을 수 있는 병원환경 마련이 필요하며 다양한 매체, 가족, 지인 등 경로를 통해 얻는 건강정보가 정확하고 지속적일 수 있도록 건강정보 제공체계 마련이 필요하다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제77권3호
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• pp.124-131
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• 2014

Background: Bronchial anthracofibrosis (BAF), which is associated with exposure to biomass smoke in inefficiently ventilated indoor areas, can take the form of obstructive lung disease. Patients with BAF can mimic or present with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of the current study was to investigate the prevalence of BAF in Korean patients with COPD exacerbation as well as to examine the clinical features of these patients in order to determine its clinical relevance. Methods: A total of 206 patients with COPD exacerbation were divided into BAF and non-BAF groups, according to computed tomography findings. We compared both clinical and radiologic variables between the two groups. Results: Patients with BAF (51 [25%]) were older, with a preponderance of nonsmoking women; moreover, they showed a more frequent association with exposure to wood smoke compared to those without BAF. However, no differences in the severity of illness and clinical course between the two groups were observed. Patients in the BAF group had less severe airflow obstruction, but more common and severe pulmonary hypertension signs than those in the non-BAF group. Conclusion: Compared with non-BAF COPD, BAF may be associated with milder airflow limitation and more frequent signs of pulmonary hypertension with a more severe grade in patients presenting with COPD exacerbation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제81권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2018

Background: Osteoporosis is a common disease that occurs comorbidly in patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). However, the prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with ACOS has not widely been evaluated. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of osteoporosis and its relationship with the clinical parameters of patients with asthma, COPD, and ACOS. Methods: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Bone mineral density (BMD), lung function tests, and disease status evaluations were conducted. Results: A total of 321 patients were enrolled: 138 with asthma, 46 with ACOS, and 137 with COPD. One hundred and ninety-three patients (60.1%) were diagnosed with osteoporosis (53.6% of asthma, 65.2% of ACOS, and 65.0% of COPD). Patients with ACOS showed a significantly lower BMD and T-score than did those with asthma. In addition to age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), which were previously reported to be associated with BMD, BMD also had a negative correlation with the diagnosis of ACOS, as compared to a diagnosis of asthma, after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, and inhaled corticosteroid use (p=0.001). Among those patients with COPD and ACOS, BMD was negatively associated with the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) after adjustment (p<0.001). Inhaled corticosteroid was not associated with the prevalence of osteoporosis and BMD. Conclusion: Patients with ACOS, particularly aged and lean women, should be more carefully monitored for osteoporosis as compared to patients with asthma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.188-199
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• 2021

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease with increased prevalence in the elderly. Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosome, which progressively shorten as cells divide. Telomere length is known to be a molecular marker of aging. This study aimed to assess the relationship between telomere length and the risk of COPD, lung function, respiratory symptoms, and emphysema index in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Dusty Areas (CODA) cohort. Methods: We extracted DNA from the peripheral blood samples of 446 participants, including 285 COPD patients and 161 control participants. We measured absolute telomere length using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. All participants underwent spirometry and quantitative computed tomography scan. Questionnaires assessing respiratory symptoms and the COPD Assessment Test was filled by all the participants. Results: The mean age of participants at the baseline visit was 72.5±7.1 years. Males accounted for 72% (321 participants) of the all participants. The mean telomere length was lower in the COPD group compared to the non-COPD group (COPD, 16.81±13.90 kb; non-COPD, 21.97±14.43 kb). In COPD patients, 112 (75.7%) were distributed as tertile 1 (shortest), 91 (61.1%) as tertile 2 and 82 (55%) as tertile 3 (longest). We did not find significant associations between telomere length and lung function, exacerbation, airway wall thickness, and emphysema index after adjusting for sex, age, and smoking status. Conclusion: In this study, the relationship between various COPD phenotypes and telomere length was analyzed, but no significant statistical associations were shown.