• 제목/요약/키워드: COMPLY-board

검색결과 26건 처리시간 0.018초

철강구성(鐵鋼構成)이 톱밥보오드의 휨성질(性質)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of the Wire Net Composition on Flexural Properties of Sawdustboard)

  • 이필우;서진석
    • Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.67-72
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    • 1985
  • To improve the bending strength of sawdustboard, verious resin contents of 10, 13, 16, and 19% were applied to the thin shell (face layer) composed with wire net or not. The shell effect of sawdust and wire net composition formed with core sawdustboard were evaluated. Forcusing on the effects of wire net composition and noncomposition including a comparison with chipboard and veneer complyboard, bending properties (Modulus of rupture (MOR), Modulus of elasticity (MOE), Stress at proportional limit ($S_{pl}$). Work to maximum load ($W_{ml}$))were analyzed and discussed. 1. In modulus of rutpute, veneer comply was the highest (621.5 kg/$cm^2$), and next decreasing order was wire net composition (159.1 kg/$cm^2$), chipboard (81.75 kg/$cm^2$), and wire net noncomposition (76.21 kg/$cm^2$) as in modulus of elasticity, work to maximum load, except for stress at proportional limit. 2. The highly significant effects were shown in both wire net composition and noncomposition, at the same time wire net composition exceeded two times of noncomposition throughout resin contents in bending properties. Chipboard was similar to the mean or 16% resin content in noncomposirion. 3. Every board in wire net composition above 10% resin content was beyond 100 kg/$cm^2$ in MOR, minimum allowable strength for structural use according to KS F 3104. In conclusion, the feasibility for improving the bending strength of weak sawdustboard by wire net composed shell was offered.

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미소진동 발생원으로부터의 전기에너지 재생 및 진동절연을 위한 복합시스템의 실험적 성능검증 (Experimental Investigation of Complex System for Electrical Energy Harvesting and Vibration Isolation)

  • 권성철;전수현;오현웅
    • 한국항공우주학회지
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    • 제44권1호
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    • pp.40-48
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    • 2016
  • 관측위성의 고 해상도 임무요구조건 충족을 위해 기계적 구동부를 갖는 탑재장비로부터의 미소진동은 항상 차폐의 대상으로 존재하였다. 본 연구에서는 차폐의 대상이던 미소진동에 주목하여, 전기에너지 재생이 가능하고 동시에 진동절연이 가능한 복합 시스템 구현을 목표로 동조질량 흡진기 형태의 전자기 하베스터와 결합된 수동형 진동절연 시스템을 제안하였다. 아울러 하베스터의 기본특성 측정시험 결과에 기인한 수치해석과 미소진동시험 및 생성전력 측정시험을 통해 본 연구에서 제안한 복합시스템은 미소진동 절연과 동시에 전기에너지 재생에 유효함을 입증하였다.

Guarantees of Applying Disclosure and Transparency on the Companies Listed in the Saudi Capital Market

  • Moanes, Hani Mohamed
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.274-284
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    • 2022
  • By explaining the essence of corporate governance as well as disclosure and transparency, the study examined the guarantees of applying disclosure and transparency to firms listed on the Saudi stock exchange. The research also addressed the disclosure and transparency duties of firms listed on the Saudi stock exchange. Finance to prepare a prospectus, as the Capital Market Authority's regulations required that the prospectus includes information that enables the investor in securities to make his investment decision based on real foundations based on the issuing company's financial position and to ensure that companies fulfill that disclosure in the prospectus. Firms who fail to disclose are required by law to do so, and the Capital Market Authority's laws mandate companies listed on the financial market to regularly report fundamental events linked to the issuer or the securities issued by it. The Capital Market Authority must make it available to the public dealing with the business issuing the securities, and The Capital Market Authority's Law and Regulations have imposed fines on corporations that do not comply with disclosure and make the Board of Director's report available. The research focused on activities that the legislator deemed to be a breach of the obligation of openness, such as the danger of many measures aimed at ensuring the impartiality and transparency of trading in the Saudi financial market, as well as the absence of conflicts of interest. The research also addressed the sanctions imposed on The source for failing to meet the obligation of disclosure and openness, as well as the mechanisms of compensating persons harmed by the failure to meet that responsibility.

최근국제항공보안대책(最近國際航空保安対策)의 제간제(諸間題) -특히 법적측면(法的測面)을 중심(中心)으로- (Some New Problems of International Aviation Security- Considerations Forcused on its Legal Aspects)

  • 최완식
    • 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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    • 제5권
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    • pp.53-75
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    • 1993
  • This article is concerned with the comment on "Some New Problems of International Aviation Security-Considerations Forcused on its Legal Aspects". Ever since 1970, in addition to the problem of failure to accept the Tokyo, Hague and Montreal Conventions, there has been also the problem of parties to them, failing to comply with their obligations under the respective treaties, in the form especially of nominal penalties or the lack of any effort to prosecute after blank refusals to extradite. There have also been cases of prolonged detention of aircraft, passengers and hostages. In this regard, all three conventions contain identical clauses which submit disputes between two or more contracting States concerning the interpretation or application of the respective conventions to arbitration or failing agreement on the organization of the arbitration, to the International Court of Justice. To the extent to which contracting States have not contracted out of this undertaking, as I fear they are expressly allowed to do, this promision can be used by contracting States to ensure compliance. But to date, this avenue does not appear to have been used. From this point of view, it may be worth mentioning that there appears to be an alarming trend towards the view that the defeat of terrorism is such an overriding imperative that all means of doing so become, in international law, automatically lawful. In addition, in as far as aviation security is concerned, as in fact it has long been suggested, what is required is the "application of the strictest security measures by all concerned."In this regard, mention should be made of Annex 17 to the Chicago Convention on Security-Safeguarding International Civil Aviation against Acts of Unlawful Intereference. ICAO has, moreover, compiled, for restricted distribution, a Security Manual for Safeguarding Civil Aviation Against Acts of Unlawful Interference, which is highly useful. In this regard, it may well be argued that, unless States members of ICAO notify the ICAO Council of their inability to comply with opecific standards in Annex 17 or any of the related Annexes in accordance with Article 38 of the 1944 Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation, their failure to do so can involve State responsibility and, if damage were to insure, their liability. The same applies to breaches of any other treaty obligation. I hope to demonstrate that although modes of international violence may change, their underlying characteristics remain broadly similar, necessitating not simply the adoption of an adequate body of domestic legislation, firm in its content and fairly administered, but also an international network of communication, of cooperation and of coordination of policies. Afurther legal instrument is now being developed by the Legal Committee of ICAO with respect to unlawful acts at International airports. These instruments, however, are not very effective, because of the absence of universal acceptance and the deficiency I have already pointed out. Therefore, States, airports and international airlines have to concentrate on prevention. If the development of policies is important at the international level, it is equally important in the domestic setting. For example, the recent experiences of France have prompted many changes in the State's legislation and in its policies towards terrorism, with higher penalties for terrorist offences and incentives which encourage accused terrorists to pass informations to the authorities. And our government has to tighten furthermore security measures. Particularly, in the case an unarmed hijacker who boards having no instrument in his possession with which to promote the hoax, a plaintiff-passenger would be hard-pressed to show that the airline was negligent in screening the hijacker prior to boarding. In light of the airline's duty to exercise a high degree of care to provide for the safety of all the passengers on board, an acquiescence to a hijacker's demands on the part of the air carrier could constitute a breach of duty only when it is clearly shown that the carrier's employees knew or plainly should have known that the hijacker was unarmed. The general opinion is that the legal oystem could be sufficient, provided that the political will is there to use and apply it effectively. All agreed that the main responsibility for security has to be borne by the governments. A state that supports aviation terrorism is responsible for violation of International Aviation Law. Generally speaking, terrorism is a violation of international law. It violates the sovereign rights of states, and the human rights of the individuals. We have to contribute more to the creation of a general consensus amongst all states about the need to combat the threat of aviation terrorism. I think that aviation terrorism as becoming an ever more serious issue, has to be solved by internationally agreed and closely co - ordinated measures.

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예인선의 최저승무기준에 관한 고찰 (A Study on the Tug's Minimum Manning Levels)

  • 정대율
    • 해양환경안전학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 2022
  • 부선을 예인하는 예인선은 90.5 %가 총톤수 200톤 미만으로 대부분 선장 혼자 승무하고, 선원법상 근로시간 및 승무정원에 관한 규정을 적용받지 않는다. 따라서 부선을 예인하는 예인선의 선장은 항해당직 중 적절한 휴식을 취하지 못해 피로하게 되고, 부선을 예인하는 예인선은 불가피하게 무자격자인 갑판장과 교대로 항해당직을 수행하며 인적 감항능력을 충족하지 못한다. 또한 예인선의 선장 또는 소유자는 예인선이 부선을 예인할 때 선박직원법상 추가적으로 요구되는 최저승무기준을 준수하지 못하는 사례가 자주 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 다음 사항에 대해 살펴보았다. (1) 선원법상 근로시간 및 승무정원에 관한 규정, (2) 선박직원법상 예인선의 갑판부 선박직원의 최저승무기준에 관한 규정, (3) 부선을 예인하는 예인선의 해양사고 사례. 그리고 예인선의 실효적인 해양사고 예방을 위해 예인선이 부선을 예인하는 경우에는 항해사 1명이 추가적으로 승무하도록 갑판부 선박직원의 최저승무기준을 개정할 것을 제안하였다. 특히 중대재해 처벌 등에 관한 법률은 2022. 1. 27. 시행되었다. 해양에서 인명사고가 동일한 원인으로 계속 발생하고, 그 원인이 제도적 미비로 인한 항해사의 피로라고 판단된다면 해양항만관청은 처벌을 받게 될 수 있으므로 이에 대해 대비할 필요가 있다고 본다.

NUWARD SMR safety approach and licensing objectives for international deployment

  • D. Francis;S. Beils
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제56권3호
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    • pp.1029-1036
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    • 2024
  • Drawing on the deep experience and understanding of the principles of nuclear safety, as well as many years of nuclear power plant design and operation, the EDF led NUWARD SMR Project is developing a design for a Small Modular Reactor (SMR) of 340 MWe composed of two 170 MWe independent units, that will supplement the offering of high-output nuclear reactors, especially in response to specific needs such as replacement of fossil-fuelled power plants. NUWARD SMR is a mix of proven and innovative design features that will make it more commercially competitive, while integrating safety features that comply with the highest international standards. Following the principles of redundancy and diversity and rigorous application of Defence in Depth (DID), with an international view on nuclear safety licensing, the Project also incorporates new safety approaches into its design development. The NUWARD SMR Project has been in development for a number of years, it entered conceptual design formally in mid-2019 and entered Basic Design in 2023. The objective of the concept design phase was to confirm the project technological choices and to define the first design configuration of the NUWARD SMR product, to document it, in order to launch pre-licensing with the French Safety Authority (ASN) and to define its estimated cost and its subsequent development and construction schedules. As a delivery milestone the Safety Options file (called the Dossier d'Options de Sûreté (DOS)) has been submitted to ASN in July 2023 for their opinion. An integral part of the NUWARD SMR Project, is not only to deliver a design suitable for France and to satisfy French regulation, but to develop a product suitable and indeed desirable, for the international market, with a first focus in Europe. In order to achieve its objectives and realise its market potential, the NUWARD SMR Project needs to define and realise its safety approach within an international environment and that is the key subject of this paper. The following paper: • Summarises the foundation principles and technological background which underpin the design; • Contextualises the key design features with regard to the international safety regulatory framework with particular emphasis on innovative passive safety aspects; • Illustrates the Project activities in preparation for first licensing in France, and also a wider international view via the ASN led Joint Early Review of the NUWARD SMR design, including Finnish and Czech Republic regulators, recently joined by the Swedish, Polish and Dutch regulators; • Articulates the collaborative approach to design development from involvement with the Project partners (the Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Naval Group, TechnicAtome, Framatome and Tractebel) to the establishment of the International NUWARD Advisory Board (INAB), to gain greater international insight and advice; • Concludes with the focus on next steps into detailed design development, standardisation of the design and its simplification to enhance its commercial competitiveness in a context of further harmonisation of the nuclear safety and licensing requirements and aspirations.