• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.8B
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• pp.1413-1423
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• 2000

Color distribution is changed according to the variation of illumination position and illumination color. Therefore, even if images are relevant each other, retrieval accuracy is degraded. In this paper, we propose the image retrieval method using color information excluded illumination component. The proposed dynamic range control method removes the shadow region generated by change of illumination position to increase the color discrimination power. To exclude the illuminant color, we use the diffuse reflection component of object and gray world assumption. The experimental results show that the color histogram method using color information excluded illuminant has higher retrieval accuracy than conventional color histogram using the color information of input image.

• 전자공학회논문지 IE
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.60-67
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• 2008

Skin color is a very important information for an automatic face recognition. In this paper, we proposed a skin region extraction method using color information and skin color model. We use the adaptive lighting compensation technique for improved performance of skin region extraction. Also, using an preprocessing filter, normally large areas of easily distinct non skin pixels, are eliminated from further processing. And we use the modified ST color space, where undesired effects are reduced and the skin color distribution fits better than others color space. Experimental results show that the proposed method has better performance than the conventional methods, and reduces processing time by $35{\sim}40%$ on average.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.3_4
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• pp.395-406
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• 2003

The Purpose of this study is to find out the effect of clothing style and color, tone combination on impressions formation. The experimental materials developed for this study are a set of stimuli and response scale(The 7-point semantic). The stimuli are 36pictures manipulated with clothing style, color and tone variation by computer drawing. The subjects are 216 female undergraduate students and 216 female of middle age(40~50) in Chin-ji city. The resulte of this study are as follows : Impression factor of the stimulus was consisted of the 5 different demensions(attractiveness, elegance, activity, revealation, tenderness). Among there, attractiveness and elegance factors proved to be more important. In the attractiveness and tenderness, clothing style, color, tone combinations and perceiver's age had the significant effect. In the elegance and revealation, color and perceiver's age had the significant effect but in the activity, only color did not have the significant effect. Significant interaction effects of clothing style and color, style and tone combination, and color and perceiver's age on attractiveness and revealation were found. Interaction effect of color and tone combination was significant on the elegance and revealation, and that of color and perceiver's age was significant on tenderness.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.237-243
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• 2012

As the competition of city design from various municipals recently, color guidelines are continuously established. But the contents of color guidelines are differing from one municipal to the other, It has doubts on its effectiveness. Thus, the objective of this researchis to investigate municipals' color guidelines in order to apprehend the characteristics and differences among each other. In order to do this, the research will collect color guidelines of 5 different cities and 2 different districts. Then, by organizing tables for different characteristics of contents, the research will attempt to identify the difference between municipals. The conclusion of such research is as follows. First, basic contents of color guidelines are composed with planning, proposing and managing stages. Furthermore its objective, target subject, detailed guidelines and exemplary cases were common. Second, the contents of color guidelines of municipals were vastly differing from each other in respect to the size of the cities or the objectives of its application. Third, color guideline contents of the city of Seoul, Sejong city, and Chung-ra district are composed rather reliably while that of the city of Inchun, and Sung-buk district were lacking considerably in terms of up-to-date survey of environment, color proposal, and managing policy in comparison to other municipals. In conclusion, there is a strong necessity for standardization of establishment or form of the color guidelines. Furthermore, measures for proper adjustment in respect to the size of a municipal or its purpose should be arranged adequately.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.589-601
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• 2014

The performance of edge detection often relies on its ability to correctly determine the dissimilarities of connected pixels. For grayscale images, the dissimilarity of two pixels is estimated by a scalar difference of their intensities and for color images, this is done by using the vector difference (color distance) of the three-color components. The Euclidean distance in the RGB color space typically measures a color distance. However, the RGB space is not suitable for edge detection since its color components do not coincide with the information human perception uses to separate objects from backgrounds. In this paper, we propose a novel method for color edge detection by taking advantage of the HSV color space and the Mahalanobis distance. The HSV space models colors in a manner similar to human perception. The Mahalanobis distance independently considers the hue, saturation, and lightness and gives them different degrees of contribution for the measurement of color distances. Therefore, our method is robust against the change of lightness as compared to previous approaches. Furthermore, we will introduce a noise-resistant technique for determining image gradients. Various experiments on simulated and real-world images show that our approach outperforms several existing methods, especially when the images vary in lightness or are corrupted by noise.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.136-144
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• 2005

Oxidative hair color is currently widely used because of its beautiful light color and good dyeability. In this study, hair color, oxidative agents, and dye intermediate were reacted. Modifier, which changes color with various hue, and alkaline agent, which opens the cuticle of hair fiber and enhances the dyeing reaction, were added. For gel formation, isocetyl alcohol was used as solvent in preparing three kinds of permanent oxidative hair color. Physiochemical study of prepared permanent oxidative hair color was done for basic information acquisition. Acid perspiration test, pH measurement both at room temperature and at high temperature, drop movement test, dyeability efficiency upon the amount of hydrogen peroxide added, and humidity fastness were studied. Shampoo fastness and light fastness of prepared permanent oxidative hair color dyed hair sample were also investigated. All three kinds of hair color prepared showed good properties overall, however, dyed hair sample became reddish upon shampoo fastness and lightfastness tests.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.283-299
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• 2014

Skin detection is used in many applications, such as face recognition, hand tracking, and human-computer interaction. There are many skin color detection algorithms that are used to extract human skin color regions that are based on the thresholding technique since it is simple and fast for computation. The efficiency of each color space depends on its robustness to the change in lighting and the ability to distinguish skin color pixels in images that have a complex background. For more accurate skin detection, we are proposing a new threshold based on RGB and YUV color spaces. The proposed approach starts by converting the RGB color space to the YUV color model. Then it separates the Y channel, which represents the intensity of the color model from the U and V channels to eliminate the effects of luminance. After that the threshold values are selected based on the testing of the boundary of skin colors with the help of the color histogram. Finally, the threshold was applied to the input image to extract skin parts. The detected skin regions were quantitatively compared to the actual skin parts in the input images to measure the accuracy and to compare the results of our threshold to the results of other's thresholds to prove the efficiency of our approach. The results of the experiment show that the proposed threshold is more robust in terms of dealing with the complex background and light conditions than others.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.6
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• pp.554-562
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• 2018

This study presents a color 3D scanner based on the laser structured-light imaging method that can simultaneously acquire 3D shape data and color of a target object using a single camera. The 3D data acquisition of the scanner is based on the structured-light imaging method, and the color data is obtained from a natural color image. Because both the laser image and the color image are acquired by the same camera, it is efficient to obtain the 3D data and the color data of a pixel by avoiding the complicated correspondence algorithm. In addition to the 3D data, the color data is helpful for enhancing the realism of an object model. The proposed scanner consists of two line lasers, a color camera, and a rotation table. The line lasers are deployed at either side of the camera to eliminate shadow areas of a target object. This study addresses the calibration methods for the parameters of the camera, the plane equations covered by the line lasers, and the center of the rotation table. Experimental results demonstrate the performance in terms of accurate color and 3D data acquisition in this study.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.99-106
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• 2019

This study aims to recommend the proper Color rendering index (CRI), the Correlated Color Temperature (CCT), and illuminance levels of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) lighting based on the analysis of the criteria of the current CRI, the CCT, and illuminance levels in merchandising spaces with LED lighting conditions. It would be a basic material to apply in line with user preference for LED merchandising lighting. To this end, it examines relevant literature review on the experiments designed to test whether lighting characteristics affect brightness perception, color appearance, and pleasantness. Highly saturated colors appear brighter than low saturated colors. Two lighting applications - grocery and clothing shop - were created in elaborating the effect of LED lighting characteristics of CRI on color appearance and the CCT and illuminance on pleasantness. The findings show that the criteria of CIE Ra<80 are appropriate to provide better color appearance of illuminated products in terms of LED lighting that can enhance color saturation, particularly for the red color. Furthermore, 2700 K and less than 500 lux for grocery, 4000 K and more than 500 lux for clothing shop are found to be the proper the CCT and illuminance levels respectively to bring better preference under LED lighting.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 2021

We propose a method to synthesize a color non-hogel-based computer-generated-hologram (CGH) from light field data of a three-dimensional scene with a hologram pixel pitch shared for all color channels. The non-hogel-based CGH technique generates a continuous wavefront with arbitrary carrier wave from given light field data by interpreting the ray angle in the light field to the spatial frequency of the plane wavefront. The relation between ray angle and spatial frequency is, however, dependent on the wavelength, which leads to different spatial frequency sampling grid in the light field data, resulting in color aberrations in the hologram reconstruction. The proposed method sets a hologram pixel pitch common to all color channels such that the smallest blue diffraction angle covers the field of view of the light field. Then a spatial frequency sampling grid common to all color channels is established by interpolating the light field with the spatial frequency range of the blue wavelength and the sampling interval of the red wavelength. The common hologram pixel pitch and light field spatial frequency sampling grid ensure the synthesis of a color hologram without any color aberrations in the hologram reconstructions, or any loss of information contained in the light field. The proposed method is successfully verified using color light field data of various test or natural 3D scenes.