• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.346-346
• /
• 2017

In Northern Laos, maize is cultivated in continuous cropping without fertilizer, fallowing nor any other soil conservation practice. It is expected that this inadequate management in maize cultivation will degrade soil and decrease yield. However, there is limited information about the change of soil condition and yield under continuous maize cultivation. We tried to evaluate the change of soil condition and yield under continuous maize cultivation in Northern Laos. Our study was conducted in farmer's flat and slope fields in Sainyabuli province where maize cultivation had been introduced earlier than the other provinces of Northern Laos. Our study was conducted in 21 fields in 2014, and in 19 fields in 2015. We analyzed grain yield and soil characteristic (total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (Av-P), exchangeable cation, pH, soil texture) at 3 places in each field. The 3 places were set at different elevation level (lower position, middle position, upper position) in slope fields. Further, the period of continuous maize cultivation and crop management practice were investigated. Then, by evaluating the relation between the period of continuous maize cultivation and yield and the soil characteristics, the effect of maize cultivation was estimated. Crop management practices were similar among the investigated fields. Maize was cultivated in rain season. Grain seed and cob were harvested on September or October, but shoot was left on the fields. No crop was cultivated during dry season. Fertilization and fallowing has never been conducted under continuous maize cultivation. On the other hand, the period of maize cultivation was different among the fields, and ranged from 2 years to 30 years. In the slope fields, as the period of continuous maize cultivation was longer, the contents of TC and TN were lower at all 3 positions, Av-P content was lower at the upper position, exchangeable potassium (Ex-K) content was lower at the middle and the upper positions. The other soil characteristics weren't related with the period of maize cultivation in the slope fields. In contrast, soil characteristics weren't related with the period of maize cultivation in the flat fields. Yield was lower as the period of maize cultivation was longer at the upper position of the slope fields. At middle position of slope fields, yield tended to be low with increase of the period of maize cultivation. In contrast, yield wasn't related with the period of continuous maize cultivation in flat fields. From the results about crop management, it was presumed that the period of maize cultivation was one of the main factors causing the difference of yield and soil characteristics among the fields. Therefore, from the result of yield and soil condition, it was considered that the continuous maize cultivation decreased soil productivity in the slope fields with decline of TC, TN, Av-P, Ex-K and yield at upper position of slope fields, and decline of TC and TN in the other positions in Sainyabuli province.

• 현장농수산연구지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.81-87
• /
• 2019

흑피흰개미버섯(T. albuminosus) 인공재배를 위한 균사 배양적 특성을 조사한 결과, 원균배지 종류에 따른 흑피흰개미버섯 균사 생장의 영향은 KNCAF 9001와 9002 모두 MEA에서 균사 생장이 89와 81 mm로 가장 좋았고 MEA, YM, PDA 순으로 균사 생장이 좋았다. 배양 온도에 따른 흑피흰개미버섯 균사 생장의 영향은 9001와 9002 모두 89와 77 mm로서 25 ℃에서 균사 생장이 빨랐다. 30 ℃에서 균사 생장이 급감되나 40 ℃에서도 생존하는 광고온성균임을 확인하였다. 배지 pH별로 9001과 9002 모두 89와 88 mm로서 pH 6에서 균사 생장이 빨랐다. 9001의 경우 주재료는 면실피(80%)와 미강(20%) 혼합 시 99 mm/10일로서 가장 좋았으며 콘코브(97 mm), 참나무톱밥(96), 포플러톱밥(93)순으로 좋았다. 영양원은 모든 처리에서 밀기울보다 미강을 처리한 것이 좋았다. 9002의 경우 주재료는 9001과 같은 경향으로 나타났으며 다만, 9001보다 생육이 비교적 늦은 특징이 있었다. 배지의 수분함량에 따른 균사 생장의 영향은 9001, 9002 모두 수분함량이 65%일 때 101, 94 mm/10일로서 가장 좋았다. 수분함량이 65%보다 높거나 낮을 때 균사 생장 속도가 늦어지는 경향이 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권11호
• /
• pp.1833-1839
• /
• 2018

Objective: Incorporating high fibre ingredients into pig diets has the potential to reduce odour emissions from of pigs. The current study was carried out to determine effect of diets containing 0, 80 and 160 g/kg of each of lucerne hay, maize cobs and sunflower husks on the chemical characteristics and odours from pig slurries. Methods: Twenty eight pigs averaging $18{\pm}2.0kg$ were kept in individual cages, over four weeks. All pigs were fed ad libitum. Faeces and urine were collected, mixed in a 1:2.3 ratio (w/w), stored and fermented for 16 days in a temperature controlled room at $22^{\circ}C{\pm}2.3^{\circ}C$. The slurry was sampled twice (on day 1 and on day 16) of the fermentation period and analysed for pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration, on wet basis. All samples were tested for odour offensiveness using 18 panelists. A scale of 1 to 5 was used to rank the odour severity, (1 = not offensive, 5 = extremely offensive). Results: Slurry pH and COD varied with fibre source (p<0.05). On day 16, COD for lucerne hay, sunflower husk and maize cobs were 369, 512, and 425 (standard error of the mean = 34.2) mg of oxygen per litre. Total SCFA concentration was higher at day 16 than day 1 (p<0.05). Odour offensiveness varied with fibre source across both incubation periods (p<0.05). Sunflower husks and lucerne hay-based diets were rated as less offensive (mean rank = 2.2) than maize cob diets (mean rank of 4.3) (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was concluded that different fibre sources and incubation period influence chemical composition and odour of the slurry. There is, thereby, a need to incorporate locally available fibrous feeds in the diet of pigs because they have an economical and environmental relevance to pig management.

• 대한본초학회지
• /
• 제37권4호
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2022

Objective : This study was conducted to investigate antidiabetic effects of chunggugjang with medicinal herbal complex (CJ) in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced animal models. Method : STZ (65 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. Then rats were divided into 5 groups ; NG (normal diet + 0.9% saline), COS (STZ +saline 5 mL/kg), COB (STZ + fermented soybean(100 mg/kg), CJ 100/200 (STZ+CJ(100 and 200 mg/kg), CJ 300/600 (STZ+CJ(300 and 600 mg/kg). 4 weeks later, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. After sacrificing rats, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were measured and histological changes were observed. Result : Body weight change and food efficiency ratio (FER) were decreased in the CJ 300/600 group than in the COS group. But, there was no change in water intake. Serum levels of glucose, AST, ALT and BUN were lower in the CJ 300/600 group than in the COS group. Also, TG, TC, and creatinine were decreased in the CJ 300/600 group than in the COS group. According to OGTT, 120 minutes postprandial glucose levels were lower in the CJ 300/600 group than in the COS group. In addition, administration of CJ extracts restored histopathological damage. Conclusion : The results suggest that CJ can be used as a functional material for diabetes treatment as it has the effect to improve pathological symptoms in STZ-induced diabetic rats.