• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2018

This study investigates the relationship between economic growth, energy consumption, trade openness, population density, and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) emissions in Bangladesh for the period of 1975 to 2013. It applies the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration for establishing the existence of a long-run relationship. The bounds tests suggest that the variables of interest are bound together in the long-run when $CO_2$ emissions is the dependent variable. The results indicate that energy consumption has statistically significant positive effect on $CO_2$ emissions both in the short-run and long-run. The effect of population density is significant in long-run, but not in short-run. The estimated coefficients for economic growth and trade liberalization are negative and insignificant both in short-run and long-run. The paper suggests that the government of Bangladesh should undertake the policy actions to develop alternative energy sources which would not emit much $CO_2$.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1413-1419
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• 2008

The Kyoto Protocol, that had been in force from February 16, 2005, requires significant reduction in $CO_2$ emissions for all anthropogenic sources containing transportation, industrial, commercial, and residential fields, etc, and automotive emission standards for air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides $(NO_x)$ become more and more tight for improving ambient air quality. This paper has briefly reviewed homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion technology offering dramatic reduction in $CO_2,\;NO_x$ and PM emissions, compared to conventional gasoline and diesel engine vehicles, in an effort of automotive industries and their related academic activities to comply with future fuel economy legislation, e.g., $CO_2$ emission standards and corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) in the respective European Union (EU) and United States of America (USA), and to meet very stringent future automotive emission standards, e.g., Tier 2 program in USA and EURO V in EU. In addition, major challenges to the widespread use of HCCI engines in road applications are discussed in aspects of new catalytic emissions controls to remove high CO and unburned hydrocarbons from such engine-equipped vehicles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.10-11
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to validate the environmental performance of the 'eco-friendly lightweight form' in the construction process. Unlike existing euro form and aluminum form, the proposed form does not require form oil during the process of concrete casting and is lightweight because it is made of engineering plastic. Therefore, eco-friendly lightweight form will reduce the $CO_2$ emissions in the construction process. To verify the hypothesis, the study compared existing forms and eco-friendly light weight form's $CO_2$ emissions in each stage in construction process when using 1,000 forms and 100 times from the LCI(Life Cycle Inventory) data. The total $CO_2$ emissions of the eco-friendly light weight form were 30,487kg $CO_2$, which equated to about 58% and 20% less emissions than the euroform and aluminum form. The result of the study verified that the eco-friendly lightweight form was effectively reduced $CO_2$ emission in the construction process.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-35
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• 2017

This study investigates a decomposition analysis of the determinants of the reduced $CO_2$ emissions in seven OECD countries that implemented carbon taxes from 1995 to 2013. Recent studies on decomposition analysis of changes in $CO_2$ emissions focused on technology-based physical factors; however, this study analyzes the effects of a carbon tax as an economic factor. According to the results obtained by using the Log Mean Divisia Index, the energy intensity effect and the carbon tax effect contributed the most towards the reduction of total $CO_2$ emissions in the seven OECD countries. The results for each country show that the emissions decreased due to the energy intensity effect, while the effects of carbon tax and carbon tax revenues differed by policy and environment of the countries.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2016

PURPOSES: In this paper, the effectiveness of speed-maintained standardization in road geometry on environmental impact at a downward slope location, based on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission indicators, was studied. Specifically, the aim of this study was to ascertain whether speed-maintained standardization resulted in decreased $CO_2$ emissions as well as noise pollution, due to reduced vehicle speeds. METHODS : In this study, speed-maintained standardization in road geometry was proposed as a means to reduce vehicle speeds, with a view to reducing $CO_2$ emissions and noise pollution. This technique was applied at a downward slope location. The vehicle speeds, $CO_2$ emissions, and noise levels before and after application of speed-maintained standardization were compared. RESULTS: It was found that speed-maintained standardization was effective as a means to reduce speed, as well as $CO_2$ emissions and noise pollution. By applying speed-maintained standardization, it was confirmed that vehicle speeds were reduced consistently. As a result, $CO_2$ emissions and noise levels were decreased by 9% and 11%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : This study confirmed that speed-maintained standardization in road geometry is effective in reducing vehicle speeds, $CO_2$ emissions, and noise levels. Moreover, there is further scope for the application of this method in the design of roads in urban and rural areas, as well as in the design of highways.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

Purpose - The study investigates the influence of tourism and hospitality industry on economic growth and CO2 emissions. Research design, data, and methodology - In the empirical analysis, unit root tests, cointegration test and vector error correction model regression using time series data of South Korea from the first quarter of 1970 to the third quarter of 2010 are performed to examine the long-run equilibrium relationship and short-run dynamics among the tourism and hospitality industry, CO2 emissions, economic growth and other industry sectors. Results - Results indicate that a long-run equilibrium relationship exists among these variables. Furthermore, the tourism and hospitality industry and CO2 emissions have high significant positive effect on economic growth. The tourism and hospitality industry in Korea, in turns, shows a high significant positive impact on economic growth while the industry sector incursa high significant negative impact on CO2 emissions. Conclusions - The tourism and hospitality industry in Korea may havebeen prompted by several factors such as accelerated process of technological innovation or energy and environmental policies. These findings suggest that the effectively managed tourism and hospitality sector in Korea has resulted in both economic growth and a reduction in CO2 emissions.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.65 no.2
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• pp.427-440
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• 2023

The current study evaluated carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from beef and pork production and distribution chains in the South Korean meat industry. Data from industrial example farms and slaughterhouses were assessed on the basis of both the guidelines from the United Kingdom's Publicly Available Specification (PAS) 2050:2011 and the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute carbon footprint calculation. The main factors for our estimations were animal feeds, manure waste, transportation, energy and water, refrigerants, and package data. Our analyses show that 16.55 kg CO₂ equivalent (eq) was emitted during the production of 1 kg of live cattle. When retail yields and packing processes were considered, the CO₂-eq of 1 kg of packaged Hanwoo beef was 27.86 kg. As for pigs, emissions from 1 kg of live pigs and packaged pork meat were 2.62 and 12.75 kg CO₂-eq, respectively. While we gathered data from only two farms and slaughterhouses and our findings can therefore not be extrapolated to all meats produced in the South Korean meat industry, they indicate that manure waste is the greatest factor affecting ultimate CO₂ emissions of packaged meats.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.73-84
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• 2013

The development of the information on the internet brought a lot of changes in the real estate market. Because the real estate has local distinctiveness and individuality household who want to move must to visit place for housing information. But now household use internet real estate information at every decision-moving step and that is able to reduce not only the cost of real estate information but also social benefit like $CO_2$ emissions reduction effect. In this study, I analyzed the effect of $CO_2$ emissions reduction with Seoul household residential mobility data when household take informations from internet real estate site. As increasing a single family who is good at internet service, the effect of $CO_2$ reduction from the development of the Internet real estate information has more increased.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2021

It is widely accepted that the prevention of global warming requires significant reductions in greenhouse gases, particularly CO₂ emissions. Although fossil fuel-based power plants account for the majority of CO₂ emissions, it is urgent to reduce CO₂ emissions in industries that emit large amounts of CO₂ such as steel, petrochemical, and oil refining. This paper examines the current status of CO₂ emission in the domestic oil refining industry and CO₂ emission sources in each unit process in the oil refining industry. Focusing on the previously developed CO₂ capture process, cases and applicability of greenhouse gas reduction in FCC and hydrogen manufacturing processes, which are major processes constituting the oil refining industry, are reviewed.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.169-181
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• 2023

Recently, in order to reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions, which is the main cause of global warming, Korea has declared carbon emission reduction targets and carbon neutral. Accurate assessment of regional emissions and atmospheric CO₂ concentrations is becoming important as a result. In this study, we identified the spatiotemporal differences between satellite-based atmospheric CO₂ concentration and CO₂ emissions for the Korean Peninsula region using column-averaged CO₂ dry-air mole fraction from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 and emission inventory. And we explained these differences using solar-induced fluorescence (SIF), a photosynthetic reaction index according to vegetation growth. The Greenhouse Gas Inventory and Research Center (GIR) and Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) emissions continued to increase in Korea from 2014 to 2018, but the satellite-based atmospheric CO₂ concentration decreased in 2018, respectively. Regionally, GIR and EDGAR emissions increased in 2018 in Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheongbuk-do, but satellite-based CO₂ concentrations decreased for the corresponding years. In addition, the correlation analysis between emissions and satellite-based CO₂ concentration showed a low correlation of 0.22 (GIR) and 0.16 (EDGAR) in Seoul and Gangwon-do. Atmospheric CO₂ concentrations showed a different correlation with SIF by region. In the CO₂-SIF correlation analysis for the growing season (May to September), Seoul and Gyeonggi-do showed a negative correlation coefficient of -0.26, Chungcheongbuk-do and Gangwon-do showed a positive correlation coefficient of 0.46. Therefore, it can be suggested that consideration of the CO₂ absorption process is necessary for analyzing the relationship between the atmospheric CO₂ concentration and emission inventory.