• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1297-1302
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• 2012

The interaction between carbon monoxide (CO) and a cobalt-salen complex (Co(salen)) was studied and applied to detect CO. The metal complex doped PEDOT:PSS film exhibited good sensitivity to CO and differentiate CO from other gases. The response of the composite to CO was reversible (RSD < 5%) change in resistance upon removal of CO gas from the test chamber. The effects of adding Co(salen) in the probe film on the response of the sensor were investigated using AFM, XPS, and FT-IR spectroscopy. The sensitivity of the sensor increased as the Co(salen) concentration enhanced as it increased from 0.0 to 1.5 wt. %, where the highest sensitivity ($%{\Delta}R/R_o$) of $-25.0{\pm}0.05%$ was achieved with 1.0 wt. % Co(salen). The sensor containing probe exhibited a linear response ($R^2$ = 0.983) in the range of 0.5 to 10.0% CO (v/v) $N_2$, and the detection limit was 1.74% CO (v/v) in $N_2$.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.268-273
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 R rubrum을 이용한 석탄합성 가스로부터 수소 생산공정에 있어서의 세포성장 및 일산화탄소 전환을 최적화하 는 여러 조건들을 조사하였다. 그 중 pH의 영향을 살펴보면 R. rubrum 세포성장에는 pH 6~7이 최적이었고 수소생산에는 pH 7 7-7.5이 최적이었으며 pH가 5.5에서는 세포성장이거의 이루어 지지 않았다. 또한 온도가 34 'C 이상 증가되었을 때 세포성장이 둔화되어 멈추고 안정적인 co 전환속도를 얻을 수 없으므로 $30^{\circ}C$가 R. rubrum 균주 성장과 co 전환에 최적온도라 생각된다. 또한 R. rubrum은 photosynthetic bacteria인데 이 세포의 성장에 는 벚의 세기가 1,700-2,400 Lux가 최적임을 알 수 있었고 co 전환에는 계속적인 빛의 공급이 꼭 필요하지는 않고 간헐적인 빛의 노출만으로도 충분하다고 생각된다. 또한 연속반응기를 이 용하여 600 rpm, $30^{\circ}C$, pH 7에서 합성가스 체류시간 110분시 co 전환율 약 53%정도를 얻을 수 있었다. 이 연구가 계속 진 행되어져서 photobioreactor의 개발, high pressure bioreactor의 이 용, 균주의 mutatIOn 및 전환능력 우수 균주 등의 selection을 수 행한다면 매우 높은 합성가스 전환율을 갖는 생물반응기 공정개 발도 가능하리라 생각된다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.80-85
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of adult patients with carbon monoxide poisoning who presented to the emergency department in recent years. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study on adult consecutive patients with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning who presented to the emergency department of a tertiary care university-affiliated hospital from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2011. Results: A total of 91 patients were included in this study; there were 56(61.5%) unintentional and 35(38.5%) intentional poisonings. For the unintentional CO poisonings, the principal sources of exposure to CO were fire (39.3%), charcoal (17.9%), briquette charcoal (7.1%), wood burning boiler (7.1%), gas boiler (5.4%), automobile heater (3.6%), briquette boiler (3.6%), firewood (3.6%), and other items (12.5%). For the intentional CO poisonings, the sources were ignition charcoal (60.0%), briquette (31.4%), charcoal (5.7%) and butane gas (2.9%). For the unintentional CO poisonings, the places of poisoning were the home (58.9%), workplace (10.7%), public accommodation (8.9%), tent (8.9%), automobile (3.6%) and parking place (1.8%). For the intentional CO poisonings, the places of poisoning were the home (77.1%), public accommodation (11.4%) and automobile (11.4%). The proportion of intentional CO poisonings among total poisonings has increased significantly in recent years; 0.0% in 2008, 3.3% in 2009, 5.5% in 2010, and 29.7% in 2011. Conclusion: This study showed that in recent years in Korea, the source of CO has diversified broadly and intentional CO poisonings from burning ignition charcoal or briquettes has increased. Prevention efforts should consider these factors.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.150-158
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• 1967

연탄이 연소할 때 배기기체에 포함된 일산화탄소의 mole백분율(CO%)은 그 초기에 있어서 대략 다음 식으로 표시된다. (CO%)=$\frac{2{\alpha}}{1+{\alpha}}(CO_2%)$ exp $[-\vec{k}(No_2-Nc)^{1/2}{\tau}]$위식에서 ${\alpha}=\frac{-0.395K_p+\sqrt{0.156K^2_p+(0.83+0.21K_p)K_p}}{0.83+0.21K_p}$그리고 $logK_p =-\frac{8593}{T} + 2.45logT -1.08{\times}10^{-3}T + 1.12{\times}10^{-7}T^2+2.77\vec{k},\;No_2$ 및 $N_c$는 $CO+\frac{1}{2}O_2{\to}CO_2$의 반응속도상수, 그리고 1mole의 배기기체에 포함된 산소 및 탄소의 산화물의 mole수이다. 본 실험에서는 연소된 전 탄소의 값에 대해서 일산화탄소를 전환된 백분율 및 연소로 속에 들어가는 공기의 유량속은 다음과 같았다. 1.76%와 0.53l/sec (뚜껑이 있을 때) 및 12.35%와 2.4l/sec (뚜껑이 없을 때)

• 대한화학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 1974

반응온도 $40^{\circ}C∼95^{\circ}C$에서 일산화탄소를 여러가지 온도에서 처리한 산화니켈을 촉매로 하여 산화시켰다. 일산화탄소의 산화 속도는 낮은 온도에서 진공속에서 처리한 산화니켈상에서 제일 빠르다. 이때 반응속도는 일차 반응에 따르며 활성화 에너지는 이 반응온도 범위에서 4kcal정도이다. 공기중에서 $NiCO_3$를 분해하여 얻은 산화니켈촉매는 반응 온도가 $95^{\circ}C$이상에서도 활성이 없다. 그러나 이산화 니켈을 진공에서 처리했을 경우 이 반응온도 범위에서 활성이 있다. 이때 산화니켈의 비화학 양론적인 과량의 산소가 일산화탄소의 산화속도를 지배하는 것 같다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.332-335
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• 2003

Cytochrome P450 in microsomes can be quantitated using the characteristic 450 nm absorption peak of the CO adduct of reduced cytochrome P450. We developed a simple microplate assay method that is superior to previous methods. Our method is less laborious, suitable for analyzing many samples, and less sensitive to sample aggregation. Microsome samples in microplate wells were incubated in a CO chamber rather than bubbled with CO gas, and then reduced with sodium hydrosulfite solution. This modification allowed a reliable and reproducible assay by effectively eliminating variations between estimations.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Carbon monoxide (CO) is not only an important intermediate species in chemical reaction mechanisms of hydrocarbon fuel combustion, but also a crucial pollutant species emitted from automotive engines. To better understand the physical processes impacting CO emissions, the development of laser-based measurement techniques that can visualize in-cylinder CO distributions is desirable. Among these techniques, Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) is a sensitive and species-selective detection technique capable of good spatial resolution. However, some technical matters such as deep UV excitation, severe pressure dependency of the LIF signal, and potential interference from other species have been major challenges for CO LIF application. This study is focused on investigating the feasibility of CO two-photon LIF in a direct-injection diesel engine operating at typical pressure and temperature conditions with commercial grade diesel fuel. Spectroscopic analysis shows that the CO fluorescence signal can be separated from $C_2$ Swan band or broadband fluorescence from PAHs when the signal is collected near 483 nm. The signal-to-noise ratio of CO LIF deteriorate rapidly as pressure is increased, following $P^{-1.49}$ which matches the theoretical signal pressure dependency.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.616-622
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• 1994

The oxidation of carbon monoxide by gaseous oxygen in the presence of a powdered $Nd_{1-x}Sr_xCoO_{3-y}$ solid solution as a catalyst has been investigated in the temperature range from 150$^{\circ}$C to 300$^{\circ}$C under various CO and $O_2$ partial pressures. The site of Sr substitution, nonstoichiometry, structure, and microstructure were studied by means of powder X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The electrical conductivity of the solid solution has been measured at 300$^{\circ}$C under various CO and $O_2$ partial pressures. The oxidation rates have been correlated with 1.5-and 1.2-order kinetics with and without a $CO_2$ trap, respectively; first-and 0.7 order with respect to CO and 0.5-order to $O_2$. For the above reaction temperature range, the activation energy is in the range from 0.25 to 0.35 eV/mol. From the infrared spectroscopic, conductivity and kinetic data, CO appears essentially to be adsorbed on the lattice oxygens of the catalyst, while $O_2$ adsorbs as ions on the oxygen vacancies formed by Sr substitution. The oxygen vacancy mechanism of the CO oxidation and the main defect of $Nd_{1-x}Sr_xCoO_{3-y}$ solid solution are supported and suggested from the agreement between IR data, conductivities, and kinetic data.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2008

CODH(Carbon Monoxide Dehydrogenase)에 의한 이산화탄소 환원에 있어서 작업전극을 유리탄소전극을 사용한 경우와 금전극을 사용한 경우를 비교하여 그 영향을 관찰하였다. 금전극을 사용한 경우에는 수소발생과 섞이기 때문에 전기분해의 전위를 잘 선택해야 효율적인 이산화탄소의 환원 반응을 관찰할 수 있는데 반하여, 유리탄소전극은 금전극보다 수소 환원에 대한 과전압이 크기 때문에 -650 mV vs. NHE 까지도 중성수용액에서 수소발생 없이, 효율적인 이산화탄소의 환원을 관찰할 수 있었다. CODH를 이용한 이산화탄소의 환원에는 가해주는 전기분해 전위가 큰 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었는데, $-570{\sim}600\;mV$ vs. NHE 근처가 가장 효율적임을 알 수 있었고 이보다 더 음의 전위를 걸어주었을 때는 효소활성의 감소 및 수소발생이 복합적으로 영향을 미쳐 일산화탄소 생성의 전류효율이 급격히 감소함을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제18권E4호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2002

A novel portable device for the direct measurement of alveolar breath carbon monoxide (CO) was developed. The major components of the device include a mouthpiece, non-rebreathing two-way valve, Teflon tube, and CO dosimeter. An alveolar CO measurement can be completed within 1.5 min when using the proposed device and measurement protocol. Measurements could be read to the nearest 0.1 ppm. Humidity did not influence the CO measurements taken by the CO dosimeter, plus there were no problems associated with the recovery and carryover of CO through the device. The criterion for significance in statistical analyses was p< 0.05. The average recovery was 103 and 99% for recovery and carryover experiments, respectively. Test results using the proposed alveolar CO measurement system reflected a good reproducibility. This reproducibility was also supported by the finding that the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the data sets were less than 7％ for the loss experiment and less than 8% for the carryover experiment. Consequently, it would appear that the proposed device can be effectively applied to measure CO levels found in breath, thereby overcoming several disadvantages associated with the conventional bag and adsorbent tube sampling methods.