• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.4181-4186
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• 2013

In the article were observed the epidemiological aspects of malignant tumors of the central nervous system (MT CNS) in Kazakhstan in a retrospective study for the years 2004-2011. The material of the study was consolidated accounting data of oncology centers on patients with MT CNS (C70-72) with first time established diagnosis. Calculated were crude, age, standardized (world standard), aligned and predicted incidence of MT CNS among both male and female populations. It was found that over the studied period, there were 4,604 cases of MT CNS. The average annual crude incidence rate of MT CNS in total population was $3.7{\pm}0.1^0/_{0000}$. Trends in aligned incidence rates in the whole country had a tendency to increase (T=+0.9%). Defined levels of morbidity MT CNS in the whole population in different regions of Kazakhstan: low up to $2.87^0/_{0000}$, the average from 2.87 to $4.45^0/_{0000}$ and high from $4.45^0/_{0000}$ and above on the basis of which was given the space-time estimate. Age and sex differences in MT CNS incidence were also clearly established.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.566-571
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• 2003

Purpose : Leukoencephalopathy(LE) is one of the most serious complications in children with hematologic malignancies during the course of treatment. Early recognition is important to reduce the impact and sequelae from LE. We therefore investigated the clinical features of LE following central nervous system(CNS) prophylaxis in children with hematologic malignancies and evaluated the significance of regular check-ups of brain MRI. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed children with hematologic malignancies who had CNS prophylaxis including intrathecal(IT) methotrexate(MTX) and/or cranial irradiation at the Department of Pediatrics, Kyungpook National University Hospital from Oct. 1995 to May 2002. Fifteen cases of acute leukemia and one case of lymphoma who experienced LE following CNS prophylaxis were included in the study. Clinical data were analyzed from the medical records and brain MRIs were reviewed by neuroradiologists. Results : The ages ranged from 1 to 13 years(median age=5.2 years), and the male to female ratio was 3 : 1. The time interval from the beginning of chemotherapy to the time of diagnosis of LE ranged from 2 to 17 months. They all had IT MTX two to 15 times and ten underwent cranial irradiation(1,800 rads). At the time of diagnosis, ten of them had neuropsychiatric symptoms including seizures, personality changes, headache, etc. After the change of treatment modality, four cases showed significant improvement on follow-up MRIs, six cases had no significant changes and two had worsening of LE. Four patients died of infection and bone marrow relapse. Conclusion : CNS prophylaxis with IT therapy and cranial irradiation may cause leukoencephalopathy during the course of treatment. As a result, regular brain MRI check-up is recommended for the early detection and reducing the incidence of LE, along with changes in the treatment modality.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.13
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• pp.5459-5462
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• 2015

This case series study was performed for all 83 children below 14 years old suffering from cancer during 2010-2013 who were registered in Ardabil pediatric cancer registry (APCR). The required data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS.19 statistical methods software. Some 51 (61.4%) of cases were male. The mean age of patients was 5.8 years. Of the total, 60 (72.3%) of cases were from urban areas. Results showed that leukemia with 54.2%, CNS with 12% and neuroblastoma with 8.4% were the most prevalent childhood malignancies in Ardabil province. Based on the under 14 year old population estimated from Ardabil province, the cumulative incidence rate was 95.4 patients per one million. The incidence rate was relatively high so that childhood cancers should be considered as an important issue in health policy making in Ardabil province of Iran.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.618-623
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• 1995

Cryptococcosis is a systemic mycosis that most often involves the lungs and central nervous system and, less frequently, the skin, skeletal system, and prostate gland. Cryptococcus neoformans, the causative organism, is a yeastlike round or oval fungus, 4 to $6{\mu}m$ in diameter, which is surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule and reproduces by budding and found in soil and other environmental areas, especially those contaminated by pigeon droppings. Humans and animals acquire infection after inhalation of aerosolized spores. Condition or factors that predispose to cryptococcosis include corticosteroid therapy, lymphoreticular malignancies, HIV infection, and sarcoidosis etc. We discribed a case of cryptococcosis involving lung and CNS coincidently without specific underlying disease and the literature on subject were reviewed. A fifty-six year-old previously healthy female presented with headache of 3 months of duration. She had no history suggesting immunologic suppression and we could not find any abnormal laboratory findings including blood sugar, serum immunoglobulin and complement level, HIV antibody, and T cell subsets. Chest roentgenogram and CT scan showed a solitary soft tissue mass in LUL with distal pneumonitis. Brain MRI showed granulomatous lesion in cerebellum and parasagittal cortex of right frontal lobe. The diagnosis was made by bronchoscopic brushing cytology, transthoracic fine needle aspiration, and sputum KOH mount and culture. She was treated 6 weeks course of Amphotericin B and switched to oral fluconazole therapy for 3 months. Her symptoms and X-ray findings were improved gradually and she is now under regular clinical follow up.