• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.341-351
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• 2010

The dietary habits of 156 female college students in the Department of Food and Nutrition (n=79) and other departments (n=77) at Sahmyook University, Nowon-gu, Seoul were evaluated from September to December, 2009. All participants completed a questionnaire designed to determine the mini dietary assessment score, as well as to evaluate nutrient intake, healthrelated questions and to determine a physical score. The students in the department of food and nutrition tended to consume more vegetables than Kimchi for each meal (39.2%), fried foods twice a week (38.0%) (p<0.05) and less fruits and fruit juices (29.1%). In addition, 15.2% of students ate Samgyeopsal and Galbi less than two times a week (p<0.05). The subjects in the department of food and nutrition took less vitamin $B_1$ and more vitamin C and E than the subjects in the other departments (p<0.05). All subjects regularly exercised for 30 minutes to 1 hour (45.7%), one or two times weekly (43.5%). The subjects in the other departments consumed more nutrient supplements. Overall, 69.1% of the subjects consumed nutrient supplements. A total of 87.8% of the subjects in the other departments consumed alcoholic beverages and all subjects began to drink when they were in high school (50.4%). The primary reason given to continue drinking was to maintain good relationships with friends (76.7%). Overall, the results of this study indicate that students in the department of food and nutrition of Sahmyook university have better dietary habits and nutrient intake than those in other departments. The results highlight the necessary to introduce a practical method of inducing good dietary habits to the everyday life of students. One approach may be to provide greater opportunity for students in other departments to attend classes in the department of food and nutrition.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2015

Effect of packaging and storage methods for enhancing the shelf life and improving the postharvest quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was studied during high temperature period. Lettuces were packed using four packaging and storage types: (A) plastic box container (control); (B) plastic box container covered with high density polyethylene (HDPE) film; (C) plastic box container with lettuce wrapped in linear low-density polyethylene (LLD-PE) film; and (D) plastic box container with lettuce with its stem. The quality parameters, such as fresh weight loss, SPAD value, and appearance of lettuce were investigated. The lettuce wrapped with LLD-PE film inside the plastic box container showed the lowest weight loss, highest SPAD value and best appearance compared to those exposed to the other packaging and storage methods during the three-week storage at $2^{\circ}C$. The results indicate that the marketability of lettuce can be optimized if proper packaging and storing is adopted. Prolonging the freshness even on low temperature storage will increase the potential of its sale ability in the domestic market even during summer season.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.303-310
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• 1998

Purpose : To evaluate the results of the treatment of locally advanced but resectable rectal cancers and to analyze prognostic factors. especially with the emphasis on the treatment time factor. Materials and Methods : There were 71 patients with rectal cancer who had been treated by curative surgical procedure and postoperative radiotherapy from August 1989 to December 1993. The minimum follow up period was 24 months and the median follow-up was 35 months Radiation therapy had been given by 6 MV linear accelerator by parallel opposing or four-box portals. Whole pelvis was treated up to 5040 cGy in most cases. Systemic chemotherapy had been given in 94$\%$ of the patients, mostly with 5-FU/ACNU regimen. Assessment for the overall and disease-free survival rates were done by life-table method and prognostic factors by Log-Rank tests. Results : Five-year overall survival, disease-free survival were 58.8$\%$ and 57$\%$, respectively. Two-year local control rate was 76.6$\%$. Stage according to Modified Astler-Coller (MAC) system, over 4 positive lymph nodes, over 6weeks interval between definitive surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy and over 7 days of interruption during radiotherapy period were statistically significant, or borderline significant prognostic factors. Conclusion : The treatment results of patients with rectal cancers are comparable to those of other large institutes. The treatment results for the patients with bowel wall penetration and/or positive regional lymph nodes were still discouraging for their high local recurrence rate for the patients with MAC 'c' stage diseases and high distant metastases rate even for the patients with node-negative diseases. Maybe more effective regimen of chemotherapy would be needed with proper route and schedule. To maximize postoperative adjuvant treatment. radiotherapy should be started at least within 6 weeks after surgery and preferably as soon as wound healing is completed. Interruption of treatment during radiotherapy course affects disease-free survival badly, especially if exceeds 7 days. So, the total treatment period trout definitive surgery to the completion of radiotherapy should be kept as minimal as possiable.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.471-484
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• 2009

This study was carried out to classify vegetation structure on the deciduous forest at Namdeogyu area in Deogyusan National Park from May 2007 to September 2008 using the gradient analyses and phytosociological method. The vegetation was classified into Quercus mongolica community(Typical subcommunity, Rhododendron sehlippenbaehii-Q. mongolica subcommunity, Carex lanceolata-Q. mongolica subcommunity), Q. Serrata community(Typical subcommunity, Q. variabilis -Q. serrata subcommunity, Carpinus laxiflora - Q. serrata subcommunity), C. laxiflora community, Fraxinus mandshurica community and Corn us controversa community. Ecological characteristics such as species composition, layer structure, vegetation ratio, and the distribution of individual trees by DBH(diameter at breast height) were significantly different among communities. The order of important value of the forest community with DBH 2cm above plants was Q. mongolica(67.8), F. mandshurica(44.8), Q. serrata(27.5), Acer pseudo-sieboldianum(17.0), C. controversa(l5.9), F. sieboldiana(l1.5), R. schlippenbachii(11.0), C. cordata(11.0), Styrax obassia(10.9), Magnolia sieboldii(10.4) and C. laxiflora(9.8). Distribution of DBH of Q. mongolica had a formality distribution, suggesting a continuous domination of these species over the other species for the time being. In contrast, F. mandshurica appeared limited to the valley of the sheet and a higher frequency of young individuals, suggesting a continuous domination of these species the development of a climax forest terrain. Q. serrata had a higher frequency of young individuals and middle individuals, suggesting a continuous domination of these species over the other species for the time being in contrast. This study examined the correlation between each community and the environment according to DCCA ordination. The Q. mongolica community predominated in the highest elevation habitats which had many C.E.C and T-N. F. mandshurica community predominated in the highest elevation habitats which had many Moisture and EX-Cation. The Q. serrata community and C. laxiflora community mainly occurred in the low elevation habitats which had few C.E.C and T-N. The C. controversa community appeared on the park in the middle habitats.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2001

Metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) structures containing nanocrystals are fabricated by using rapid thermal oxidations of amorphous silicon films. The amorphous films are deposited either by electron beam deposition method or by electron beam deposition assisted by Ar ion beam during deposition. Post oxidation of e-beam deposited film results in relatively small hysteresis of capacitance-voltage (C-V) and the flat band voltage shift, $\DeltaV_{FB}$ is less than 1V indicative of the formation of low density nanocrystals in $SiO_2$ near $SiO_2$/Si interface. By contrast, we observe very large hysteresis in C-V characteristics for oxidized ion-beam assisted e-beam deposited sample. The flat band voltage shift is larger than 22V and the hysteresis becomes even broader as increasing injection times of holes at accumulation condition and electrons at inversion condition. The result indicates the formation of slow traps in $SiO_2$ near $SiO_2$/Si interface which might be related to large density nanocrystals. Roughly estimated trap density is $1{\times}10^{13}cm^{-2}$. Such a large hysteresis may be explained in terms of the activation of adatom migration by Ar ion during deposition. The activated migration may increase nucleation rate of Si nuclei in amorphous Si matrix. During post oxidation process, nuclei grow into nanocrystals. Therefore, ion beam assistance during deposition may be very feasible for MOS structure containing nanocrystals with large density which is a basic building block for single electron memory device.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.301-311
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• 2011

Introduction: This study examined the effect of the application of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on bone healing after an injection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) during the implantation of a titanium implant in the tibia of diabetes-induced rats. Materials and Methods: Twelve Sprague-Dawely rats were used. After inducing diabetes, the ADSCs were injected into the hole for the implant. Customized screw type implants, 2.0 mm in diameter and 3.5 mm in length, were implanted in both the tibia of the diabetes-induced rats. After implantation, LIPUS was applied with parameters of 3 MHz, 40 mW/$cm^2$, and 10 minutes for 7 days to the left tibiae (experimental group) of the diabetesinduced rats. The right tibiae in each rat were used in the control group. At 1, 2 and 4 week rats were sacrificed, and the bone tissues of both tibia were harvested. The bone tissues of the three rats in each week were used for bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and bone area (BA) analyses and the bone tissues of one rat were used to make sagittal serial sections. Results: In histomorphometric analyses, the BIC in the experimental and control group were respectively, $39.00{\pm}18.17%$ and $42.87{\pm}9.27%$ at 1 week, $43.74{\pm}6.83%$ and $32.27{\pm}6.00%$ at 2 weeks, and $32.62{\pm}11.02%$ and $47.10{\pm}9.77%$ at 4 weeks. The BA in experimental and control group were respectively, $37.28{\pm}3.68%$ and $31.90{\pm}2.84%$ at 1 week, $20.62{\pm}2.47%$ and $15.64{\pm}2.69%$ at 2 weeks, and $11.37{\pm}4.54%$ and $17.69{\pm}8.77%$ at 4 weeks. In immunohistochemistry analyses, Osteoprotegerin expression was strong at 1 and 2 weeks in the experimental group than the control group. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kB ligand expression showed similar staining at each week in the experimental and control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that the application of low intensity pulsed ultrasound after an injection of adipose tissue-derived stem cells during the implantation of titanium implants in the tibia of diabetes-induced rats provided some positive effect on bone regeneration at the early stage after implantation. On the other hand, this method is unable to increase the level of osseointegration and bone regeneration of the implant in an uncontrolled diabetic patient.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 1981

This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition and the mechanical properties of four commercially available low gold-based crown and bridge alloy produced in Korea. Four dental casting gold-silver-palladium alloys, i.e., A, B, C and D (code of alloys) were selected for the evaluation of chemical composition, ultimate tensile strength, elongation. values and Vickers hardness. The chemical composition of test specimens was analyzed by both emission spectrography and wet gravitation method with a 1.5gm of low gold ingot. The tensile properties and Vickers hardness was determined with cast specimens treated in following three conditions; as-cast, softening heat treatment and hardening heat treatment. The tensile testing bars were cast in accordance with the model designed by Gettleman and Harrison (1969) which was modified from the A. D. A. Specification No. 14 for dental chromium-cobalt casting alloy. Nine tensile test specimens were made from a split silicone mold for each of the test alloys to the size of 2.5mm in diameter and a gauge length of 10mm. All four alloys were handled in accordance with conventional methods used in Type III gold alloys. Ultimate tensile strength and elongation were measured on an Instron Universal Tensile Testing Machine (Model 1125, Japan) operated at a crosshead rate of 0.1cm/min. Elongation values were measured using Digital Measuring Microscope (MS-152, FUSOH, Japan). Vickers hardness was determined with a Vickers Hardness Tester (Model VKH-l, Japan) at a 1.0kg load on a mounted tensile test specimen. The following results were obtained from this study; 1. All tested alloys were composed of Au, Ag, Pd, Cu, Zn and Fe in common. The composition rate of gold for all four alloys was found in the range of $42{\sim}47$ weight % as shown below. Alloy A; Au 45%, Ag 40.2%, Pd 5.76%, others 9.04%. Alloy B; Au 47.1%, Ag 29.03%, Pd 6.98%, others 16.92%. Alloy C; Au 45%, .Ag 26.9%, Pd 6.83%, others 21.07%. Alloy D; Au 41.8%, Ag 34.4%, Pd 6.95%, others 16.85%. 3. The ultimate tensile strength of the four alloys was in the range of $31{\sim}82kg/mm^2$. The test results were shown in the below order from the highest value; As-cast condition; D, B, C, A. Softening heat treament; B, C, D, A. Hardening heat treatment; D, B, C, A. 4. The test :results of the elongation rate for each alloy were in the range of $0.5{\sim}18%$. The test results were shown in the below order from the highest value; As-cast condition; A, D, B, C. Softening heat treatment; A, C, D, B. Hardening heat treatment; C, D, B, A. 5. Vickers hardness for each of the four alloys was in the range of $120{\sim}230$. The test results were shown in the below order from the highest value; As-cast condition; C, B, D, A Softening heat treatment; D, B, C, A. Hardening heat treatment; D, A, C, B. 6. There were no differences in the physical properties between as-cast condition and softening heat treatment.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.284-293
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• 2015

This study was intended to investigate food, exercise habits, perception of health status and the effects of nutrient intake of female college students. Food habits such as regularity of meal time, repast of breakfast, numbers of night snack per week and duration of meal were assessed via a self reporting questionnaire, and 24hrs recall method for nutrient intake was obtained from 155 female college students in Yangju-si. The mean height and weight of the subjects were $161.25{\pm}3.52cm$ and $52.26{\pm}4.52kg$, respectively. The average intakes of energy and nutrients were below the Korea recommended dietary allowance(RDA). Especially, The nutrient intakes(energy, protein, fat, fiber, calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc, sodium, potassium, vitamin B6, niacin, vitamin C, folate, vitamin E, cholesterol) of the group in which the regularity of meal time per week was 5~7 days was significantly higher than the group in which the regularity of meal time was < 3 days (p<0.005). The nutrient intakes influenced by the food habit such as the regularity of meal time, skipping breakfast, and the numbers of night snack per week but did not differ in accordance with the regular exercise habits and perception of health status. These findings suggest that nutritional education based on female college students' food habits(regularity of meal time, skipping breakfast and night snacks per week, and duration of meal) may be required to improve dietary variety. It is considered that the improvement in dietary habits will contribute to the improvement of nutrition.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.360-365
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• 1999

This study was aimed to suggest to better treatment method of jaw cyst that the maximum diameter was wider than 3cm, using different treatment and clinical and radiographic result. We divided the 60 patients into three groups, group A(20 patients) were treated with cyst enucleation and Decalcified Freeze-Dried Allogeneic Bone(DFDB) graft, group B(20 patients) were treated with cyst enucleation and autogenous bone graft, group C(20 patients) were treated with only cyst enucleation. Each group was evaluated with panoramic radiograph and clinical sign & symptom at pre-op and post-op(immediate, 6, 12, 24, 36 month). Bone density was evaluated with disital densitometer. The result was as follows : 1. Post-Op infection was higher in group C(4 pts.) than in group A(1 pt.) and B(1 pt.) 2. Post-Op gingival recession was higher in group C(3 Pts.) than in group A(1 pt.) and B(1 pt.) 3. Anatomic distortion was higher in group C(3 Pt.) than in group A(1 Pt.), and B(1 pt.) 4. Reoperation was done in two patients who were in group C 5. There were donor site morbidity in two patients 6. There was no significant difference between group A and B in their bony density in their follow up period(p>0.05). 7. There were significant differences between group A, B and group C in their bony density until post-op 24 months but a little differences at post-op 36 months(P<0.01)

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2010

Many trails have been built and utilized in each sub-basin of Apsan Park. This study focused on the conditions and the present flora of several overused trails within three basins called Kun-Gol, Anjiroung-Gol, and Meaja-Gol in Apsan Park. There are two purposes for this study. The first is to make a plan for restoration by classifying the type of damage to these overused trails. The second is to provide preliminary data for reestablishing a more pleasant urban nature park. As a result of the survey, the average length of these trails is 9.0km and mean width is 2.0 to 2.6m. 2,108m of the sections studied(23.4% of the total) had exposed root, 3,199m of the sections studied (35.5% of the total) had exposed rock, 3,270m of the sections studied(36.6% of the total) displayed damaged pathways, and 4,841m of the sections studied (53.8% of the total) had higher soil hardness. Eighty-three areas of deterioration were found and there has been extensive property destruction. As an indication of human disturbances, the Naturalization Index and Urbanization Index appeared as: Kun-Gol, 7.0%, 5.5%; Anjiroung-Gol, 8.3%, 4.5%; Meaja-Gol 8.6%, 6.2%; in total, 7.8%, 8.3%. As a method of checking the level and extent of the damage process, an impact rating classification was used at each point on the trails. Kun-Gol had the highest rating and Anjiroung-Gol had the lowest rating in impact rating classification. With the impact rating classification, it was found that each trail would continue to worsen, meaning that roots and rocks are more likely to be further exposed and the trail width will continue to widen through overuse. An actual plan for reparations and restoration of the trails is needed through further study.