• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1534-1539
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• 2009

During the last ten years, there have been many studies related with settlement and reinvigoration of CM. These researches have shown that the application of CM has been not reinvigorated in Korean construction industry yet, because of some problems such as the insufficient application of the public sector, the policy matters and the CM fee estimates. But the present condition data of the Korean CM Market shown in these studies was insufficient for the standpoint of Market itself. Also, some of these studies compared the Korean CM Market with The America CM Market, to study the foreign CM markets. However, because the Korea CM Market only has the CM for Fee Market but the American CM Market has the CM for Fee and the CM at Risk, the Korea CM Market must be not only compared with the America CM Market but also compared with the America CM for Fee Market. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the present condition of the Korea CM Market through the compare and contrast of the Korean CM Market, American CM Market and American CM for Fee Market, by the Market Growth rate and Market Share. This study further aims to verify whether Korean CM market was implemented.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2018년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.298-299
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• 2018

The construction liability type CM has been introduced in the form of a pilot project through public institutions since 2017 since it was introduced in the term of construction responsibility type construction project management in the Basic Law of Construction Industry in 2011 with the aim of improving the constitution of the Korean construction industry and strengthening global competitiveness. Through the introduction of construction-responsible CM, the government intends to change the paradigm of the overall construction industry, including design and construction, construction costs, disputes between stakeholders, and transparency of business. In this regard, the study aims to compare and analyze the evaluation methods on the bidding guide that public institutions (LH) are currently using to select companies in order to lay the foundations for successful construction of construction-responsible CM ordering methods.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 청신경초종 질환에서 방사선 수술 시 유리선량계를 이용하여 손상위험장기들의 피폭으로 인해 발생하는 2차 발암률을 분석하고자 한다. 인체 조직 등가 물질의 소아 팬텀을 사용하여, 종양의 체적은 0.506 cm³, 1.008 cm³, 2.032 cm³ 총 3개의 체적으로 설정하였고, 평균 선량은 18.4 ± 3.4 Gy로 방사선수술계획을 수립하였다. 수술 장비의 테이블에 인체 팬텀을 장착시킨 후 유리선량계를 우안, 좌안, 갑상샘, 흉선, 오른쪽 폐, 왼쪽 폐에 위치시켜 각각 피폭선량을 측정하였다. 본 연구에서 가장 큰 종양체적인 2.032 cm³의 청신경초종 질환에서 감마나이프 방사선 수술 시 손상위험장기의 피폭으로 인한 2차 암 발생률을 유리선량계로 측정한 그 결과는 10,000명 당 1.11명의 2차 암이 발생될 수 있는 것으로 계산되었다. 본 연구는 정위적 방사선 수술 시 발생할 수 있는 2차 방사선 피폭선량의 위험성을 연구하여 향후 방사선의 확률적 영향과 관련된 방사선 장해분야에 기초자료로 활용될 것이라 사료된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.139-145
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• 2013

There is a lack of data on metabolic risk factors during pre-puberty, which is important for identifying the subgroups of youth, at whom early interventions should be targeted. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of metabolic risk factors and its subsequent relations with dietary patterns in Korean pre-pubertal children through a cross-sectional sample (n = 1,008; boys = 513) of pre-pubertal children (aged 8-9 years) from a sub-study of the Korea Metabolic Syndrome Research Initiatives (KMSRI) in Seoul, Korea. Measures of anthropometry and blood pressure as well as fasting blood samples were used in the analysis. A three-day food records were collected. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the age-adjusted National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. An added metabolic risk score was calculated for each subject by summing the quintile values of the five individual risk factors. Among the 5 risk components of metabolic syndrome, high waist circumference (WC) was the major factor (P < 0.001). A significant increasing trend of the added metabolic syndrome risk score was observed with the increase of WC (P (trend) < 0.001) among both genders. The cutoff point for high WC for pre-pubertal children was 61.3 cm for boys and 59.9 cm for girls. The prevalence of high triglyceride (TG) values was significantly higher in girls than it was in boys (P < 0.01). Girls in the highest quintile of balanced dietary pattern scores had lower TG values (P (trend) = 0.032) than did those in the lowest quintile. Moreover, girls in the highest quintile of western dietary pattern scores showed increasing trend for the added metabolic risk score (P (trend) = 0.026) compared with those in the lowest quintile. Adverse associations exist between western dietary patterns and the accumulation of metabolic risks among girls, not in boys, even during pre-puberty.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2015

본 연구는 유채의 화분이동으로 근연종 갓과의 교잡을 통해 형성된 교잡종의 발아휴면특성과 월하 및 월동성을 평가하여 교잡종의 잡초화 가능성을 예측하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 교잡종은 부본인 유채와 모본인 갓에 비해 전반적인 발아특성이 갓에 근접한 중간적인 특성을 보여주었으며, 휴면성도 41.1%로 갓에 근접한 높은 휴면성을 보여주었다. 수확 직후 종자를 토양에 매립하여 월하특성을 평가한 결과 표토보다는 3 cm 토심에서 월등히 높은 월하특성을 보여주었으며, 월하기간과 상관없이 3 cm 토심조건에서 부본인 유채에 비해 매우 높고 모본인 갓에 비해 약간 높은 월하특성을 보여주었다. 반면 종자의 월동특성은 월하특성과 반대로 표토조건에서 교잡종이 부모종보다 높은 월동성을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 유채-갓 교잡종은 휴면성이 비교적 높고 월하 및 월동성이 높아 잡초화 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. 유채-갓 교잡종의 보다 명확한 잡초화 가능성 평가를 위해서는 교잡종의 종자생산 가능성 및 자연 생태계 적응성 여부에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.70-73
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• 2003

Nitrate contamination in the aquatic systems is the primary indicator of poor agricultural management. The influence of sewage sludge application rates (0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 dry Mg/ha) on distribution of nitrate originating from the sewage sludge in soil profiles was investigated. Soil profile monitoring of nitrate was carried out with a Lakeland clay soil in 1997. Irrespectively of the sewage sludge application rates up to 50 dry Mg/ha, the concentration of $NO_3$-N at the 120 cm depth was below 10 mg/kg and the difference due to the amount of sewage sludge application was negligible at this depth. There was virtually no $NO_3$-N below 120 cm depth and this was confirmed by a deep sampling up to 300 cm depth. Most of the nitrate remained in the surface 60 cm of the soil. Below 120 cm depth nitrate concentration was very low because of the denitrification even at high sewage sludge rate of 100 dry Mg/ha. The $NO_3$-N concentrations in the soil fluctuated over the growing season due to plant uptake and denitrification. The risk of groundwater contamination by nitrate from sewage sludge application up to high rate of 100 dry Mg/ha was very low in a wheat grown clay soil with high water table ( < 3 m).

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2001

목적 : 고위험 유방암 환자의 수술 후 방사선치료 후 국소 재발율, 생존율 및 예후인자를 후향적 분석하여 방사선치료의 역할을 규명하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1984년부터 1995년까지 유방암으로 변형 근치적 유방절제술 후 종양의 크기가 4 cm 이상이거나, 4 cm 미만이나 액와 림프절의 전이가 있는 환자 중 방사선치료를 완료한 48명을 대상으로 하였다. 중앙 연령은 47세 ($31\~79$세)이었으며, 종양의 크기가 2 cm미만 1명, $2\~5\;cm$ 15명, 5 cm이상이 32명이었다. 액와림프절에 전이된 환자는 32명이었다. 흉벽과 국소림프절에 방사선치료받은 환자는 42명, 흉벽만 받은 환자는 6명이었으며 방사선량은 1일 1회(1.8 Gy)로 총 선량은 50.4 Gy이었다. 48명 중 18명$(38\%)$은 5-FU를 기본으로 하는 항암화학요법을 방사선치료 전 혹은 후에 투여하였다. 중앙 추적기간은 61개월이었다. 결과 : 국소 재발율은 $8\%$, 원격전이율은 $14\%$이었다. 전체환자의 5년 생존율은 $63\%$, 무병생존율은 $62\%$이었으며 중앙생존기간은 67개월이었다. 병기에 따른 5년 생존율은 IIB는 $70\%$, IIIA는 $58\%$이었으며, 생존율에 미치는 예후인자는 병기이었다(p=0.0076). 결론 : 고 위험군의 유방암 환자의 수술 후 방사선치료는 국소재발율은 감소시키고 생존율을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 생존율에 영향을 주는 인자는 병기이었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1325-1330
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• 2009

The fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) was recently proposed as a direct replacement for methyl bromide ($CH_3Br$) in soil fumigation. This study was conducted to better understand behavior phase partitioning, diffusion and volatilization of 1,3-D as affected by isomer. The Henry's law constant(KH) of cis-1,3-D and trans-1,3-D was 0.058 and 0.037 at $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. $K_H$ of cis form of 1,3-D was higher than that of trans form of 1,3-D. To compare with volatilization of 1,3-D isomer, soil column [70 cm (length)${\times}$12 cm (i.d.)] included a shank injection at 30 cm with 300 kg $ha^{-1}$. Maximum cis-1,3-D and trans-1,3-D concentration reached 57 mg $L^{-1}$ and 39 mg $L^{-1}$ at 30 cm depth at 1h after application. Cumulatively, after 10 days, 51.8% and 43.57% of applied cis-1,3-D and trans-1,3-D was emitted via volatilization, respectively. The total losses of cis-1,3-D were significantly greater than that of trans-1,3-D. Finally, cis-1,3-D and trans-1,3-D, such as isomer are dominant of 1,3-D fates in soil.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2014

Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, and food and beverage containers. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between urinary concentrations of BPA and waist circumference in Korean adults. A total of 1,030 Korean adults (mean age, $44.3{\pm}14.6$ years) were enrolled in the study on the integrated exposure to hazardous materials for safety control, conducted by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety from 2010 to 2012. Abdominal obesity was defined as having a waist circumference of at least 90 cm and 85 cm for men and women, respectively. The participants were divided into 4 groups according to the urinary BPA concentration quartile. Waist circumference was significantly higher among subjects with a urinary BPA concentration in the highest quartile relative to those in the lowest quartile (p = 0.0071). Linear regression analysis revealed a significant positive association between urinary BPA concentrations and body mass index, body fat, after adjusting for potential confounders. Moreover, subjects with urinary BPA concentrations in the fourth quartile were more likely to be obese compared to those with urinary BPA concentrations in the first quartile (odds ratio, 1.938; 95% CI: 1.314~2.857; p for trend = 0.0106). These findings provide evidence for a positive association between urinary BPA concentration and waist circumference in Korean adults.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.156-160
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• 2019

Background: To compare the dose of radiation received by the fetus in a pregnant patient irradiated for head and neck cancer using helical tomotherapy and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT). Materials and Methods: The patient was modeled with a humanoid phantom to mimic a gestation of 26 weeks. Radiotherapy with a total dose of 2 Gy was delivered with both tomotherapy (2.5 and 5.0 cm jaw size) and 3DCRT. The position of the fetus was predicted to be 45 cm from the field edge at the time of treatment. The delivered dose was measured according to the distance from the field edge and the fetus. Results and Discussion: The accumulated dose to the fetus was 1.6 cGy by 3DCRT and 2 and 2.3 cGy by the 2.5 and 5 cm jaw tomotherapy plans. For tomotherapy, the fetal dose with the 2.5 cm jaw was lower than that with the 5 cm jaw, although the radiation leakage was greater for 2.5 cm jaw plan due to the 1.5 fold longer beam-on time. At the uterine fundus, tomotherapy with a 5 cm jaw delivered the highest dose of 2.4 cGy. When the fetus moves up to 35 cm at the 29th week of gestation, the resultant fetal doses for 3DCRT and tomotherapy with 2.5 and 5 cm jaws were estimated as 2.1, 2.7, and 3.9 cGy, respectively. Conclusion: For tomotherapy, scattering radiation was more important due to the high monitor unit values. Therefore, selecting a smaller jaw size for tomotherapy may reduce the fetal dose. however, evaluation of risk should be individually performed for each patient.