• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1153-1161
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• 1997

The insulation provided by clothing system is usually expressed in terms of a coo units and its distribution of the body, directly affect convective, conductive, and radiant heat loss from the skin to the environment Evaporated heat loss is dependent upon fabric permeability, the amount of body surface area covered by clothing, and the pumping of air between the body and garment layers. Persons at low to medium activity levels, dressed in conventional apparel in door environments, usually do not lose a large amount of heat through evaporation. Thermal manikin technology is used to measure the resistance to heat transfer provided by clothing systems. The reciprocal of this value, 6.45 W/m2.$^{\circ}C$ is often used in calculations for convenience. The purpose of this study was to implement a research program for calculation the insulation value (clo), body surface area and basal metabolic rate of selected clothing system. The project provided for the building of an insulation data base for use in evaluating and comparing new and improved garments.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.9027-9031
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• 2014

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is an established cause of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. The aim of this study was to identify H. pylori genotypes and to examine their associations with geographical regions and gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer in Laos. Materials and Methods: A total of 329 Lao dyspeptic patients who underwent gastroscopy at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos during December 2010 - March 2012 were enrolled. Two biopsy specimens (one each from the antrum and corpus) were obtained for CLO testing and only CLO test-positive gastric tissue were used to extract DNA. PCR and sequencing were identified for variants of the cagA and vacA genotypes. Results: Some 119 Laos patients (36.2%) were found to be infected with H. pylori including 83 with gastritis, 13 with gastric ulcers (GU), 20 with duodenal ulcers (DU) and 3 with gastric cancer. cagA was detected in 99.2%. East-Asian-type cagA (62%) and vacA s1c (64.7%) were predominant genotypes in Laos. vacA s1c-m1b was significantly higher in GU than gastritis (53.8% vs. 24.1%; P-value=0.04) whereas vacA s1a-m2 was significantly higher in DU than gastritis (40.0% vs. 16.9%; P-value=0.03). East-Asian-type cagA and vacA s1c were significantly higher in highland than lowland Lao (100% vs. 55.8%; P-value=0.001 and 88.2% vs. 61.5%, P-value=0.03 respectively). Conclusions: H. pylori is a common infection in Laos, as in other countries in Southeast Asia. The cagA gene was demonstrated in nearly all Laos patients, cagA and vacA genotypes being possible important factors in explaining H. pylori infection and disease outcomes in Laos.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 1999

The actual clothing conditions were surveyed to diagnose clothing condition of collegians in the view point of adaptation to the thermal environment in fall. Then, clothing climate, physiological responses, and subjective sensation were investigated through wearing trials on human subjects in climatic chamber based on the results from the survey. Factors to evaluate validity of clothing condition were clothing weight, clothing climate, physiological responses of human body, and subjective sensation. Adaptability of this research to thermal environment was compared to the results of Toda's and Duno's of Japan, Chung's results of Korea rural area, and Winslow's clo value. The standard values for wearing trials were values at comfortable zone, such as $32{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ of temperature and $50{\pm}10%$ of humidity inside clothing, $36.5{\sim}37.3^{\circ}C$ of ear temperature and $32.2{\sim}34.3^{\circ}C$ of mean skin temperature. Clothing weight per body surface area was 680.9 $g/m^2$ in male and 526.7 $g/m^2$ in women. Cold resistance ability of collegians was superior to Japanese and American, and similar to rural male in Korea. According to the examination of clothing adaptability with clothing weight from the investigation on physiological responses and the actual clothing conditions survey, following were found. Temperature inside clothing ($29.8{\sim}32.3^{\circ}C$) was normal, and humidity inside clothing (32.2~54.8%) was at comfortable zone. Mean skin temperature was at its comfortable zone. Therefore, 615 $g/m^2$ in male and 525 $g/m^2$ in female were a desirable wearing condition.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.261-272
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• 2021

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the thermal insulation of air-filled winter jackets according to the amount of air-filler using a thermal manikin. The insulation of these jackets' was compared to a down padded jacket with an identical design and size. The amounts of air-filler were 100% (26,219 cm³), 70% (18,645 cm³), 50% (13,110 cm³), and 0% (0 cm³). The results showed that a clothing insulation (Icl) of 0%, 50%, 70%, and 100% air, and 100% down jackets was 0.208, 0.243, 0.207, 0.176, and 0.315 clo, respectively. In addition, the down jacket with waisttaped had a clothing insulation of 0.369 clo. However, the highest value of clothing insulation per clothing weight was the 50% air-filled jacket in all conditions. In terms of regional power consumption of the thermal manikin, the down jacket consumed less power for the shoulder and chest than the air-filled jackets. In conclusion, in order to maximize the thermal insulation of air-filled jackets, an optimal amount of air-filler, that is, an amount which does not compromise (break) the layer of inner air between the surface of manikin and the lining of the jacket, should be explored. Further studies on lining materials, end-closed design, and changes in thermal insulation under the conditions of strong wind or heavy snow are recommended.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.663-673
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to scientifically activate the forest healing program activities for the elderly. The predicted mean vote (PMV) and predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD), which are indices of thermal comfort in the thermal environment, and degree of canopy closure were compared and analyzed. Based on this information, the study objective was to present the appropriate conditions for maintaining the best comfort for the elderly. Six deck road shelters, which are the most active locations in forest healing programs among the National Center for Forest Therapy, were selected as the study sites. The results indicated that in the case of the conditions of 1 clo (clothing insulation value) and 1 met (metabolic rate) at an air temperature of 19 to 21 degrees in September on the measurement date, the PMV values ranged between -1.85 and -0.98 at all sites, and PPD values ranged between 25.60% and 68.68%. On the other hand, in the case of 1.3 clo and 1.6 met conditions, the PMV values ranged between -0.08 and 0.23 for all sites and PPD values ranged between 5.40 and 6.18. As shown above, the difference in thermal environment comfort and satisfaction according to the condition of the amount of metabolism and the amount of clothing could be confirmed. In addition, an analysis of the relation between PPD and canopy closure suggested a significantly positive correlation between them, and it was found that canopy closure was a factor affecting thermal comfort. Studies on effects of forest thermal environmental comfort and canopy closure on forest healing program areas should be conducted extensively according to seasonal conditions to provide information that can be used for more effective forest healing programs.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.285-287
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• 2016

Background: The efficacy of standard treatment of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is declining because of antibiotic resistance. Clarithromycin resistance is also increasing in many Asian countries. The aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of H. pylori infection and clinical association in Laos. Materials and Methods: A total of 329 Lao dyspeptic patients who underwent gastroscopy at Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos during December 2010-March 2012 were enrolled in this study. During gastroscopy, 4 biopsies were collected (2 each from the antrum and body) for CLO-test and histopathology. Only the positive CLO-test gastric tissues was stored at $-80^{\circ}C$ in a freezer until DNA was extracted and a GenoType$^{(R)}$HelicoDR test was conducted for detecting mutations in the rrl gene encoding 23S rRNA (clarithromycin resistance) and mutations in gyrA gene (fluoroquinolone resistance). Results: Of the total, 119 Lao patients (36.2%) were infected with H. pylori including 59 males (49.6%) and 60 females (50.4%) with a mean age of 46 years. Clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance of H. pylori infection was demonstrated in 15 (12.6%) and 16 strains (13.4%) respectively. In clarithromycin resistance, the number of patients who had education above primary school and $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ were significantly higher than those who had education below primary school and BMI<$25kg/m^2$ (23.1% vs 7.5%, P-value= 0.036 and 20.5% vs 8%, P-value= 0.048, respectively). In fluoroquinolone resistance, the number of lowland Lao was significantly higher than those of non-lowland (highland and midland) Lao ethnic groups (16.7% vs 0%, P-value= 0.039). Conclusions: H. pylori infections remain common in Laos. Clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance with H. pylori infection are growing problems. Education above primary school and $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$ might be predictors for clarithromycin resistance and lowland Lao ethnicity might be predictors for fluoroquinolone resistance with H. pylori infection in Laos.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 1998

Hot and humid weather in summer generally brings about discomfort. Experiments on which relative humidity makes effects on the comfort sensation were performed to the young and the aged using sensation vote. From July to October 1996, seven college students and eleven aged people were exposed for 2 hours under six different conditions in the Pukyong National University test chamber so as to determine the effects of relative humidity on thermal and comfort sensations. Subjects were wearing same clothes, and the mean clo value was 0.5. The mean radiant temperature was equal to the air temperature and air velocity in the occupied zone around 0.lm/s. In the experiments, it was found that discomfort could be largely reduced when the humidity is controlled to low values in the settled high temperature.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Harnesses are used in a variety of industries, such as rescue operations, medicine, and entertainment. However, conventional harnesses have problems as they are uncomfortable to wear and causes continuous pain. Therefore, in this study, the load and pressure applied to the body in the flying state when using a conventional harness were measured in real time and the distribution change was observed. Load and pressure were measured using a modified corset harness, a pressure sensor, and a human mannequin to measure the maximum and average pressure on the waist. As a result, it was confirmed that the load concentrated on the waist in the flying state was 104 N, and the pressure was applied to the left and right sides was 800 kPa or greater. The pressure distribution showed a pressure of 3-45 kPa in 73% in all measurable pressures. The results of the load and pressure distribution are presented as basic data for improving the wearability and reducing the discomfort of harnesses in the future, aid in the development of a harnesses that can minimize discomfort for various activities, and increase the concentration on experiential activities. In addition, using the CLO 3D program, which is a 3D virtual wearing system, a harness was put on a virtual model, and the compression level was checked and compared with the actual pressure distribution. As a result of comparing the measured pressure values in the flying state with the clothing pressure wearing the harness in the CLO 3D program, the total pressure value was found to be about 68% of the actual measured value. This helps develop a harness that can minimize discomfort during activities by predicting the load and pressure on the body by first applying new designs to a virtual wearing system during development. These new harness patterns can solve the problems of conventional harnesses.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2009

Sleep has big influence on our life, for example productivity, character formation of babies, mortality and the people who suffered from sleep problem are also diverse. Therefore, indoor environmental supports for good sleep, might be different with the situation and need of respective person. The objectives of this study are: 1) to investigate the current bedroom condition, sleep problem, and life pattern of Korean. 2) to classify Korean into several groups and explain their characteristics relevant to sleep, in order to understand Korean's need for good sleep. The questionnaire was sent out to Seoul and its environs in Jan.$\sim$Feb. 2008, and total of 702 questionnaires were collected. The research on the bedroom condition was conducted around perceived influence of environmental factors, opening and closing of the door, cooling and heating strategy, clo value during sleep, bedding type, lighting, sharing bedroom. People are divided into 6 groups by 8 factors, and 5 groups could be seen that they need some management for good sleep because of their sleep problem.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.30-47
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• 2013

In the modern fashion industry, efficiency has been increasing thanks to development of computer graphics, IT technology, and digitalization. Unlike the past when fashion design heavily depended on handwork, digitalization of fashion industry makes fabrication time shorter and enables designers to adopt comprehensive expression, generating high value-added product. The Apparel CAD, an example of the digitalized fashion industry, has been developed from 2D system into a system providing 3D simulation. Digital clothing can be determined as an activity of designers using the tool in order to fabricate pattern and simulate its designed clothes in the virtual space of computer. In this study, physical properties of eight materials, which can be utilized on a par with current fashion trend, have been specified. For more sophisticated investigation, external appearance of the material was investigated by 3D scanning. In order to examine the physical properties of fabric specimens, KES(Kawabata Evaluation System) measurements and other physical property measurements were made. With the results, virtual material and clothes were simulated via CLO 3D, one of 3D apparel CAD systems. Then, virtual fabrics and clothes of similar types were generated and analyzed.