• Title/Summary/Keyword: CLASSIFICATION INDICATOR

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Assessment and Classification of Meteorological Drought Severity in North Korea (북한의 지역별 기상학적 가뭄의 평가와 유형분류)

  • Yoo, Seung-Hwan;Nam, Won-Ho;Jang, Min-Won;Choi, Jin-Yong
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.50 no.4
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    • pp.3-15
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    • 2008
  • North Korea is one of the most vulnerable countries of the world for drought but still it is difficult to find scientific researches for understanding of the drought characteristics. This study analyzed the temporal and spatial distribution of meterological drought severity and classified the drought development types in North Korea. All eleven drought indices were tested such as seasonal rainfall, PDS, SPI and so on, and then drew the drought risk map by each indicator using frequency analysis and GIS(Geographic Information Systems) for twenty one meteorological stations. In addition meteorological drought characteristics in North Korea was classified to six patterns on Si/Gun administrative units using cluster analysis on the drought indicators. The cluster III has the strongly drought-resistant area due to sufficient rainfall and the cluster V was considered as the most drought-vulnerable area, Pungsan and Sinpo, because of the severest drought condition for eight drought indicators. The results of this study are expected to be provided for the basic understanding of regionalized drought severity and characteristics confronting the risk of drought from climate variations in North Korea.

Classification of Healthy Family Indicators in Indonesia Based on a K-means Cluster Analysis

  • Herti Maryani;Anissa Rizkianti;Nailul Izza
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.57 no.3
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    • pp.234-241
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    • 2024
  • Objectives: Health development is a key element of national development. The goal of improving health development at the societal level will be readily achieved if it is directed from the smallest social unit, namely the family. This was the goal of the Healthy Indonesia Program with a Family Approach. The objective of the study was to analyze variables of family health indicators across all provinces in Indonesia to identify provincial disparities based on the status of healthy families. Methods: This study examined secondary data for 2021 from the Indonesia Health Profile, provided by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, and from the 2021 welfare statistics by Statistics Indonesia (BPS). From these sources, we identified 10 variables for analysis using the k-means method, a non-hierarchical method of cluster analysis. Results: The results of the cluster analysis of healthy family indicators yielded 5 clusters. In general, cluster 1 (Papua and West Papua Provinces) had the lowest average achievements for healthy family indicators, while cluster 5 (Jakarta Province) had the highest indicator scores. Conclusions: In Indonesia, disparities in healthy family indicators persist. Nutrition, maternal health, and child health are among the indicators that require government attention.

Analysis for the relationship of environmental factors and vegetation structure at natural streamside valley and riparian forest in South Korea

  • Cho, Kyu-Tae;Jang, Rae-Ha;You, Young-Han
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.405-413
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    • 2015
  • We classified the streamside plant community by phyto-sociological method and analyzed the relationship between environment factors and vegetation structure by using the classification and ordination method. We found that twenty one plant communities were classified according to dominant species at the natural streamside valley forest with surveying the 65 quadrats (10 m × 10 m). From the survey results, the hardwood plant communities were classified as streamside valley forest and the softwood plant communities as riparian forest according to the degree of flooding. The valley forest had a distribution of 17 plant communities which was 65% (42 quadrats) of 65 quadrats: Maackia amurensis community, Betula davurica community, Quercus variabilis community, Pinus densiflora community, Q. serrata community, Prunus sargentii community, and Meliosma oldhamii community etc. The riparian forest had a distribution of four plant communities which was 35% (23 quadrats) of 65 quadrats: Salix koreensis community, S. rorida community, S. purpurea var. japonica community, and S. glandulosa community, etc. From the two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) analysis, we found indicator species Oplismenus undulatifolius and Lindera obtusiloba for the streamside valley forest and Humulus japonicus, Phragmites japonica, and S. koreensis for the riparian forest. From the results of the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), coordinates, altitude, and stream structure showed low correlation to the distribution of the plant community. Therefore, it seemed that valley forest and riparian forest were distinguished by the stream gradient and waterway width which determined by the stream water level.

A Study on the Development of Eco-cultural City Evaluation Indicator Using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) (AHP를 활용한 생태문화도시 평가지표 개발 연구)

  • Choi, Song-Hun;Koo, Bon-Hak
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.51-66
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    • 2017
  • This study was conducted to develop detailed evaluation indicator as a way for evaluating sustainable urban ecosystem health focused on ecological urban elements from an eco-cultural point of view after the appearance of Eco-cultural City to meet various needs. And this study was also conducted to search for ways to utilize the detailed evaluation indicator like institutionalization. Eco-cultural City was defined as a city where ecological environment and cultural environment coexist and was aimed to derive applicable planning indicators in Korea. For this, FGI was executed, planning indicators were derived, and suitability was examined. The weights were calculated based on the selected indicators through AHP expert survey. After getting the result of FGI, experts reviewed the adequacy of definition from Eco-cultural City and its necessity, and the applicability of planning indicators was examined with evaluation of suitability. As a result of evaluating suitability, it was judged that 41 indicators based on an overall average of 4 areas were relatively high on suitability and also important among sectors. As for the analysis result, the priority order in multistage classification was as followed : harmony between human and environment(B) 0.349, environmental resources(A) 0.266, city environment and quality of culture(C) 0.208, and role division and citizen participation(D) 0.177. In the second level of relative importance, environment protection and infra in the role and citizen participation section was the highest, 0.449, harmonization policy and system in calculating weights was the highest.

A study on the literal research kimi - theory (기미론에 대한 문헌적 연구)

  • Kim, In-Rak
    • Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.169-181
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    • 1997
  • Kimi(氣味) means five tastes(五味), sour, bitterness, sweetness, hot taste and astringency, and four conditions(四氣), cold, hot, warm and cool, in the oriental medicine. This is defined based on yn-yang 5 evolutive phasis(陰陽五行), and 5 evolutive phasis on the change of season. Four seasons, spring, summer, autumm, winter are clearly different but, the rainy season(長夏) is not. In the thee of Ki (氣), not worm not hot(平) is included in addition to the four conditions that is because the rainy season is not differentiated clearly. KImi have realations to the four seasons, that is, warm and hot taste is considered as spring, hot and astringency as summer, not worm not hot and sweetness as rainy season, cool and sour as autumm, and cold and bitterness as winter. 4 conditions can be classified more detail, because the changes of the seasons are continuous. In the action mechanisms, Gardeniae Fructus reduces Heat of Insufficency Type(虛熱) of the upper class of medicinal herbs(上焦), and Rhel Rhizoma reduces Exessive Heat(實熱) of the under class of them(下焦). The assay methods for four groups medicines can be developed in three ways according to the indicators as follows. First, by the indicator which defines cold-acting medicine(寒性藥) such as Rhei Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus and is differentiated clearly from Hot-acting medicine(熱性藥) at the same time. Second, when the medicines are classified into another four groups as Drugs for Dispelling Internal Cold(溫裏藥), Drugs for Relieving Exterior Syndrome(解表藥), Drugs for Dispelling Phlegm(祛痰藥), Drugs for Regulatings Ki Flow(理氣藥), by the indicator which satisfies each group and is differentiated from other groups, at the same time. Third, by the indicator which has to be defined for each medicinal herb for four classification, individually.

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Serum Pleiotrophin Could Be an Early Indicator for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

  • Du, Zi-Yan;Shi, Min-Hua;Ji, Cheng-Hong;Yu, Yong
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.1421-1425
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    • 2015
  • Aims: Pleiotrophin (PTN), an angiogenic factor, is associated with various types of cancer, including lung cancer. Our aim was to investigate the possibility of using serum PTN as an early indicator regarding disease diagnosis, classification and prognosis, for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Significant differences among PTN levels in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC, n=40), NSCLC (n=136), and control subjects with benign pulmonary lesions (n=21), as well as patients with different pathological subtypes of NSCLC were observed. Results: A serum level of PTN of 300.1 ng/ml, was determined as the cutoff value differentiating lung cancer patients and controls, with a sensitivity and specificity of 78.4% and 66.7%, respectively. Negative correlations between serum PTN level and pathological differentiation level, stage, and survival time were observed in our cohort of patients with NSCLC. In addition, specific elevation of PTN levels in pulmonary tissue in and around NSCLC lesions in comparison to normal pulmonary tissue obtained from the same subjects was also observed (n=2). Conclusion: This study suggests that the serum PTN level of patients with NSCLC could be an early indicator for diagnosis and prognosis. This conclusion should be further assessed in randomized clinical trials.

A Study on the Classification of Types of Han Riverside Forests -In the Case of Yangpyeng and Yeoju gun- (남한강변 강변숲 조성을 위한 유형분류연구 -경기도 양평·여주군 구간을 중심으로-)

  • Jang, Dong-Su
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.3-10
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    • 2010
  • Riverside forests make a river bank stable because trees of them hold together the stone and soil by roots and decrease the speed of running fluid by trunks. So they become known to have positive effects on flood prevention. So This study will be a basic study to preserve and restore of riverside forests. The goal of this study is to classify types of Han riverside forests between Yangpyeng and Yeoju gun. and find out sites of planting. Results of this study can be summarized as follows; The evaluation indicators were set up based on literature review and site survey. Two indicator categories were developed: natural environment and human environment. And they were divided into 5 sub-categories for calculating weights. As for the major indicator categories, the weighted index of natural environment is at 0.5. And the weighted index of human environment is at 0.5 followed by access at 0.15, the range of user at 0.15, cultivated land at 0.1 and legislation at 0.1. This study selected 53 sites for riverside forests planting. They were classified with types of bank(11), level-upped riverside(32), island(10). The amount of the length of 11 bank types is 23,050m, the area of 32 level-upped riverside types is $4,490,000m^2$ and the area of 10 island types is $4,590,000m^2$. After the evaluation of 53 riverside forests, this study selected 12 sites of riverside forests. They were two bank types, nine level-upped riverside types, and one island type. Rebuilding riverside forests are to accomplish the green network which links and divides region. It will be one of the best ecological methods to construct friendly environmental region.

The Planting Models of Carpinus turczaninowii Community by the Plant Community Structure Analysis in Badahyanggi Arboretum - Case Study of Daebu-Yeongheung Islands - (군집구조분석을 통한 바다향기수목원 소사나무림 식재모델 연구 - 대부도 및 영흥도를 대상으로 -)

  • Kim, Yong-Hoon;Kwon, Oh-Jung;Ban, Su-Hong;Oh, Choong-Hyeon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.31-45
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    • 2020
  • This study suggested the planting models of Carpinus turczaninowii community to make in Badahyanggi Arboretum and was carried out to the structure of C. turczaninowii commnity in Daebu-Yeongheung Islands. In order to identify the current ecological environment, this study set to 13 plots(i.e. 100㎡) for analysing detailed structure of plant communities. The research methodology was qualitative analysis. It used TWINSPAN, PCA and Indicator Species Analysis tools which are performed well in several comparisons of classification techniques and one of the ordination techniques showed that the plant communities. The results were classified into 3 communities that C. turczaninowii-Pinus densiflora community(I), C. turczaninowii-Quercus serrata community(II) and C. turczaninowii-Platycarya strobilacea community(III). In all of communities, C. turczaninowii was dominant species in canopy layer and understory layer, the degree of closure was high. Proposed the planting models that are I~II communities based on planting status in Badahyanggi Arboretum(Island Plant Botanical Garden), the structure of plant communities, indicator species and individual distribution by DBH classes. Also, The multi-layer planting plans are necessary, such as P. strobilacea, Lindera erythrocarpa, Viburnum carlesii, V. dilatatum, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Zanthoxylum schinifolium and so on.

A Study on the meaning of the Soeumin's Softness and Non-softness in the mouth (소음인의 구중화(口中和), 구중불화(口中不和)의 의미에 대한 고찰)

  • Kim, Tae-Yeong;Park, Seong-Sik
    • Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.87-94
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    • 2021
  • Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine the meaning of the Soeumin's Softness and Non-softness in the mouth(口中和, 口中不和). Methods We examined The Existing Doctors's using of the Softness and Non-softness in the mouth, and considered Jema Lee's using of the Softness and Non-softness in the mouth. Afterward, we considered the meaning of the Soeumin's Softness and Non-softness in the mouth in 『Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)』. Results and Conclusion 1. Junggyeong Jang used the Softness in the mouth, and he didn't use the Non-softness in the mouth in 『Sanghanlun(傷寒論)』. 2. The Next Generation Doctors used the Softness in the mouth, and they didn't use the Non-softness in the mouth. Especially, Dongwon Lee used the Softness in the mouth as the Knowing the taste of food, and used the Non-softness in the mouth as the Non-knowing the taste of food. 3. Jema Lee used the Softness and Non-softness in the mouth as urgent indicator of the Soeumbyeong diarrhea in 『Gabobon(甲午本)』, and used the Softness and Non-softness in the mouth as classification indicator of the Taeeumbyeong and Soeumbyeong in 『Sinchuckbon(辛丑本)』. 4. The Non-softness in the mouth is Jema Lee's specific term. It means dry of mouth, thirsty and the Non-knowing the taste of food. 5. The change from the Non-softness to Softness in the mouth is recovery indicator of the Soeumin's disease. It is the basis for setting the Drinking water(能飮水) as the Soeumin's igiljeung(二吉證).

Comparison of Rating Methods by Disaster Indicators (사회재난 지표별 등급화 기법 비교: 가축질병을 중심으로)

  • Lee, Hyo Jin;Yun, Hong Sic;Han, Hak
    • Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.319-328
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    • 2021
  • Purpose: Recently, a large social disaster has called for the need to diagnose social disaster safety, and the Ministry of Public Administration and Security calculates and publishes regional safety ratings such as regional safety index and national safety diagnosis every year. The existing safety diagnosis system uses equal intervals or normal distribution to grade risk maps in a uniform manner. Method: However, the equidistant technique can objectively analyze risk ratings, but there is a limit to classifying risk ratings when the distribution is skewed to one side, and the z-score technique has a problem of losing credibility if the population does not follow a normal distribution. Because the distribution of statistical data varies from indicator to indicator, the most appropriate rating should be applied for each data distribution. Result: Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the data of disaster indicators and present a comparison and suitable method for traditional equidistant and natural brake techniques to proceed with optimized grading for each indicator. Conclusion: As a result, three of the six new indicators were applied differently from conventional grading techniques