• 대한임베디드공학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2016

Recently, Open Computing Language (OpenCL) has been proposed to provide a framework that supports heterogeneous computing platforms. By using an OpenCL framework, digital communication systems can support various protocols in a unified computing environment to achieve both high portability and high performance. This article introduces a parallel software decoder of Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes for China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting (CMMB) on a heterogeneous platform. Each step of LDPC decoding has different parallelization characteristics. In this paper, steps suitable for task-level parallelization are executed on the CPU, and steps suitable for data-level parallelization are processed by the GPU. To improve the performance of the proposed OpenCL kernels for LDPC decoding operations, explicit thread scheduling, loop-unrolling, and effective data transfer techniques are applied. The proposed LDPC decoder achieves high performance by using heterogeneous multi-core processors on a unified computing framework.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2018

Objective: This study is performed to investigate the trend of health care (HC) utilization among cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) during 2007-2016 by using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (KNHIS). Methods: The KNHIS data were reorganized to count a specific patient only once for a specific year. Cleft type (cleft lip [CL], cleft palate [CP], and cleft lip and palate [CLP]), sex, and age at HC utilization were investigated. The study period was divided into the first half (2007-2011) and the last half (2012-2016). The utilization number and rate per 1,000 population were calculated for the total population and for new-born patients. Independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analyses. Results: The total CL/P population (n = 48,707) comprised 19.2% CLP, 35.5% CL, and 45.3% CP (CLP < CL < CP; p < 0.001). Their HC utilization rate increased from 0.066 in 2007 to 0.118 in 2016. The new-born patient population (n = 7,617) comprised 18.6% CLP, 30.4% CL, and 51.0% CP (CLP < CL < CP; p < 0.001). Their HC utilization rate increased from 1.12 in 2007 to 1.74 in 2016. An examination of the utilization number and rate among new-born patients revealed CP exhibited a female-dominant pattern (all p < 0.01), while CL and CLP exhibited a male-dominant pattern (all p < 0.01). However, utilization number showed no difference by sex and cleft type between 2007-2011 and 2012-2016. Conclusions: These results might serve as a guideline for HC utilization among patients with CL/P.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권10호
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• pp.1263-1274
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• 2009

Several experimental tests to simulate a reflood phase of a cold-leg LBLOCA of the APR1400 have been performed using the ATLAS facility. This paper describes the related experimental results with respect to the thermal-hydraulic behavior in the core and the system-core interactions during the reflood phase of the cold-leg LBLOCA conditions. The present descriptions will be focused on the LB-CL-09, LB-CL-11, LB-CL-14, and LB-CL-15 tests performed using the ATLAS. The LB-CL-09 is an integral effect test with conservative boundary condition; the LB-CL-11 and -14 are integral effect tests with realistic boundary conditions, and the LB-CL-15 is a separated effect test. The objectives of these tests are to investigate the thermal-hydraulic behavior during an entire reflood phase and to provide reliable experimental data for validating the LBLOCA analysis methodology for the APR1400. The initial and boundary conditions were obtained by applying scaling ratios to the MARS simulation results for the LBLOCA scenario of the APR1400. The ECC water flow rate from the safety injection tanks and the decay heat were simulated from the start of the reflood phase. The simulated core power was controlled to be 1.2 times that of the ANS-73 decay heat curve for LB-CL-09 and 1.02 times that of the ANS-79 decay curve for LB-CL-11, -14, and -15. The simulated ECC water flow rate from the high pressure safety injection pump was 0.32 kg/s. The present experimental data showed that the cladding temperature behavior is closely related to the collapsed water level in the core and the downcomer.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.253-259
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• 1985

The results of the conducted experiment obtained basic data on seed germination for Phragmites communis and Atriplex gmelini were; Seed germination was not influenced till 0.5% NaCl, but at over 1.0% NaCl it dropped remarkably. The germination limit fro degree of NaCl was 2.0% in Phragmites communis. Atriplex gemelini was 2.5% and in accordance with the increase of the degree of NaCl. Germination speed showed a negative correlation being highly significant and the germination period lengthened. Compared with growing top plants, growth of roots was largely influenced by a high degree of NaCl. In accordance with the rise of temperature, the germination rate, and speed of both plants remarkably increased and the germination period was shortened. Ubride of Atriplex gmelini was germinated at the early days of picking but was not as the passing of the period. The seeds also did not germinated likewise Ubride. By a seedcoat breaking germination became 81%. During 20 min soaking treatment in conc H2SO4 seed germination possibility of 63% was known to be hard. Adequate soaking time in conc H2SO4 was 17.5 min.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2000년도 춘계공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.389-392
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• 2000

Gouge-free tool-path generation is an important issue in mold & die machining and researches on cutter interference avoidance can be found in many articles. One of the various methods is construction of tool-offlet surface or cutter-location (CL) surface on which the cutter-center point (CL-point) locates. Provided that the CL surface is represented in a suitable form, cutter-interference avoidance can be performed without the burden of computing CL data for every cutter-contact (CC) point. In the paper, various methods of constructing a CL surface in the z-map form are presented, where z-map is a special form of discrete nonparametric representation in which the height values at grid points on the xy-plane are stored as a 2D array z［i,j］.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.325-335
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• 2000

Gouge-free tool-path generation is an important issue in mold & die machining and researches on cutter interference avoidance can be found in many articles. One of the various methods is construction of tool-offset surface of cutter-location (CL) surface on which the cutter-center point (CL-point) locates. Provided that the CL surface is represented in a suitable form, cutter-interference avoidance can be performed without the burden of computing CL data for every cutter-contact (CC) point. In the paper, various methods of constructing a CL surface in the z-map form are presented, where z-map is a special form of discrete nonparametric representation in which the height values at grid points on the xy-plane are stored as a 2D array z[i,j].

• 한국결정학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.10-13
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• 2001

Compound PdCl₂(PhCN)₂(1) reacted with tert-butylamine(t-BuNH₂) to give trans-[PdCl₂(t-BuNH₂)₂] (2) Compound 2 was characterized by spectroscopy (¹H-NMR, /sup 13/C{¹H}-NMR, and IR) and X-ray diffraction. Crystallographic data for f2: monoclinic space group p2₁/c, a=6.298(1)Å, b=20.740(2)Å, c=10.731(1)Å, β=92.58(1)°, Z=4, R(wR₂)=0.0207(0.0543).

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.161-167
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• 1996

In five-axis milling, optimal CL-data (cutter location data) should be generated to have advantages over three-axis milling in terms of accuracy and efficiency. This paper presents an algorithm for generating collision-free CL-data for five-axis milling using potential energy method. By virtually charging the cutter and part surfaces with static electricity, global collision as wells as local interference is eliminated. Additionally, machining efficiency is improved by minimizing the curvature difference between the part surface and tool swept surface at a CC-point (cutter contact point) simultaneously.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.712-736
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• 2022

To understand the characteristics of low-level clouds (CLs), environmental variables are composited on each CL using individual surface observations and six-hourly upper-air meteorologies around the globe. Individual CLs has its own distinct environmental conditions. Over the eastern subtropical and western North Pacific Ocean in JJA, stratocumulus (CL5) has a colder sea surface temperature (SST), stronger and lower inversion, and more low-level cloud amount (LCA) than the climatology whereas cumulus (CL12) has the opposite characteristics. Over the eastern subtropical Pacific, CL5 and CL12 are influenced by cold and warm advection within the PBL, respectively but have similar cold advection over the western North Pacific. This indicates that the fundamental physical process distinguishing CL5 and CL12 is not the horizontal temperature advection but the interaction with the underlying sea surface, i.e., the deepening-decoupling of PBL and the positive feedback between shortwave radiation and SST. Over the western North Pacific during JJA, sky-obscuring fog (CL11), no low-level cloud (CL0), and fair weather stratus (CL6) are associated with anomalous warm advection, surface-based inversion, mean upward flow, and moist mid-troposphere with the strongest anomalies for CL11 followed by CL0. Over the western North Pacific during DJF, bad weather stratus (CL7) occurs in the warm front of the extratropical cyclone with anomalous upward flow while cumulonimbus (CL39) occurs on the rear side of the cold front with anomalous downward flow. Over the tropical oceans, CL7 has strong positive (negative) anomalies of temperature in the upper troposphere (PBL), relative humidity, and surface wind speed in association with the mesoscale convective system while CL12 has the opposite anomalies and CL39 is in between.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 산화조건하 LiCl-KCl 공융염내에서 란탄계 염화물의 하나인 $PrCl_3$의 열적거동을 살펴보았다. 먼저 산소를 주입하면서 $PrCl_3$의 열중량분석(TGA; thermogravimetric analysis)을 실시하였고, 이 때 얻어진 결과들을 바탕으로, 산소분산법을 이용하여 온도에 따른 LiCl-KCl 공융염내 $PrCl_3$의 산화실험을 수행하였다. $PrCl_3$의 열중량분석 결과에 따르면, 약 $380^{\circ}C$까지 $PrCl_3$에서 염소의 해 리가 급격하게 발생되었고 약 $600^{\circ}C$에서 $PrCl_3$가 PrOCl로 전환되는 반응이 종료되는 것으로 확인되었다. 산소분산법에 의한 LiCl-KCl 공융염내 $PrCl_3$의 열적거동은 산화조건에서 열중량분석시 나타난 $PrCl_3$의 열적거동과 유사하였고, 발생된 PrOCl은 공융염내에서 불용성 화합물로써 바닥으로 침전하였다. 산소분산법에 의한 공융염내 $PrCl_3$의 PrOCl로의 전환은 $650^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 활발하게 진행되었고, 이 때 발생되는 배기가스내 $Cl_2$의 농도분석을 통해 공융염내 $PrCl_3$의 전환상태를 예측할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.