• 한국작물학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2009

녹차, 부분발효차 및 발효차 등 다양한 차제품 117개 제품을 수집하여 분말화하여 측색계로 각 차제품의 표면 색상을 측정한 후 NIRS를 이용하여 가시광선 대역($400{\sim}700$ nm)에서 스펙트럼을 얻어 중회귀분석에 의해 각각 색상 관련 특성에 대한 검량식을 작성하였다. 1. 측색계로 제품의 색상을 측정한 결과 CIE color scale에서 L값(6.98), a값(0.25) 및 b값(15.42)이 높았으나, a/b(0.09)값은 Hunter color scale에서 높았다. 또한 색상관련 특성 $a^*$(a)와 $a^*/b^*$(a/b)의 변이계수가 $317.2{\sim}327.5%$와 $293.8{\sim}316.7%$로 제품간 변이성이 매우 컸다. 2. CIE color scale와 Hunter color scale에서 발효정도($X_9$)의 변이를 $a^*/b^*(X_4)$나 a/b($X_8$)로 99.7% 설명될 수 있어 $a^*/b^*$(a/b)값으로 차제품의 발효정도를 추정할 수 있다. 3. Modified partial least square(MPLS)를 이용하여 작성된 검량식의 결과 두 color scale을 종합하여 L값의 검량식 작성시 결정계수($R^2$)는 $0.973{\sim}0.977$, 검증시 상관도(1-VR) $0.969{\sim}0.972$, a값의 결정계수는 0.999, 검증시 상관도 0.998, b값의 결정계수는 $0.858{\sim}0.902$, 검증시 상관도 $0.833{\sim}0.888$, a/b값의 결정계수는 0.997, 검증시 상관도 0.993으로 매우 높았다. 4. 차 제품 표면 색상관련 특성들(CIE color scale; $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, $a^*/b^*$, Hunter color scale; L, a, b, a/b)의 검량식 정확도가 매우 높아서 NIRS의 가시광선 대역($400{\sim}700\;nm$)에서 이들 특성을 용이하고 정밀하게 측정할 수가 있으며, 또한 근적외선 대역($900{\sim}2500\;nm$)에서 기존 성분분석 화일과 병합하여(merge) 차 제품의 표면 색상 및 화학적 성분을 $1{\sim}2$분내로 동시에 측정이 가능하다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was the development of a digital water color measurement system using a CCD optical device. Photographs of the standard medium of Forel and Ule water color scales in the laboratory, and one of sea surface above a Secchi disc (Z=SD/2) immersed in seawater were taken. The colors of these pictures were estimated with the value of CIE $L^*a^*b^*$. Water color assessment was conducted with a digital photo-image. In the case of the Forel scale (No. 1-11), the $b^*$ value was so high that the water color number was large. In the Ule scale (No.11-21), the $a^*$ value became high, which is why the number on the water color scale was large. The color of these pictures showed that the $a^*$ value in the Forel scale and the $b^*$ value in the Ule scale increase with the increase of the F value. The $a^*$ value of seawater color was always lower than the one on the Forel and Ule water color scales. This indicates that the color of the scales differs from actual seawater color. It was concluded that water color number can more effectively be assessed by estimating the ${\Delta}Eab^*$ color difference between the water scales and actual seawater color.

• 한국패류학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.203-210
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• 2009

본 연구에서 우리는 다양한 종류의 패각을 사용하여 진주패각에서 나타나는 컬러 및 광학적 현상에 대해 비교 분석하였다. 다양한 종류의 패각의 진주층 단면 및 표면 SEM 이미지와 FFT 시뮬레이션을 수행했다. 그리고 반사율 측정을 통하여 패각에서 나타나는 광학적 현상에 대해 규명하고 패각의 광학적 현상에 의해 모패를 감별하기 위한 데이터를 구축하였다. 또한 패각의 진주층 구조에 기인한 회철현상을 바탕으로 하여 여러 각도의 분광반사율을 측정해서 보는 각도에 따라 패각의 색이 달라지는 현상에 대해 분석하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.248-254
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• 1998

The two hundreds and twenty two pork carcasses from commercial breed were tested to compare technical quality characteristics and relationships with meat quality parameters between PSE and normal pork classified buy 24hr postmortem conductivity($C_u$). In characteristics of PSE and normal pork by $C_u$ value, highly significant differences were found in NPPC color scale and CIE L*(p＜0.001), moderately significant differences in $C_3$ and cooking loss(p＜0.01), and significant differences were in $C_6$, CIE b*, WHC and juiciness(p＜0.05). In correlation coefficients between $C_u$ and other meat quality determining factors, $C_u$ was poorly related with $pH_1$($R^2$=0.28, p<0.001), CIE a*($R^2$=0.14, p＜0.05), b*($R^2$=0.28, p＜0.01) and cooking loss($R^2$=0.26, p＜0.01). Also, relatively low correlation coefficients were observed in $pH_u$($R^2$=0.32, p＜0.001), WHC($R^2$=0.39, p＜0.001) and juiciness($R^2$=0.41, p＜0.001). Moderately high coefficients were found in NPPC color scale($R^2$=0.59, p＜0.001) and CIE L*($R^2$=0.58, p＜0.001).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.835-840
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• 2003

NPPC 육색기준에 의한 PSE육과 정상육의 pH$_1$ 및 pH$_{u}$ 특성은 기준 전구간에서 유의한 차이가(p〈0.05)가 있었으며 중증 PSE, 경증 PSE, 정상육 및 경증 DFD 순으로 낮게 나타났으나, pH$_3$와 pH$_6$는 중증 PSE에서 정상육의 구간에서는 유의한 차이가 없었고 경중 DFD에서만 유의차(p〈0.05)가 있었다. 따라서 NPPC 육색기준에 의한 pH특성은 pH 측정시간에 따라 달라지는 것으로 사료되었다. CIE L$^{*}$은 중증 PSE에서 경증 DFD로 변화함에 따라 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었으며 측정부위에 관계없이 NPPC기준 전구간에서 유의차(p〈0.05)가 있었다. CIE a$^{*}$값은 제4~5늑골 직상부의 LD 근육절단면에서는 중증, 경증 PSE, 정상육과 경증 DFD간에는 유의한 차이(p<0.05)가 있으나 마지막 요추부위 절단면에서는 전구간에서 차이가 없었다. CIE b$^{*}$값은 제4~5늑골 직상부에서는 중증, 경증 PSE, 정상육과 경증 DFD 간에 유의한(p〈0.05) 결과를 나타내었다. 마지막 요추에서는 중증 PSE와 정상육 및 경증 DFD에서 유의차(p〈0.05)가 있어 측정위치에 따라 색차값의 특징이 달랐다. 보수성 및 가열감량은 NPPC 기준 전 구간에서 유의차(p〈0.05)가 있었다. 관능특성 중 다즙성은 중.경증 PSE와 정상육, 경증 DFD에서 유의한(p〈0.05) 차이가 있었고 연도와 향미에서는 차이가 없었다. NPPC 육색기준과 CIE L$^{*}$, 보수성, Cu 및 pH$^{u}$와의 단순회귀 상관계수(R$^2$)는 각각 0.77, 0.66, 0.59 및 0.54였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 동일한 수광 방식을 사용하는 2종의 이동형과 고정형 spectrophotometer인 MiniScan XE plus (Model 4000S, Hunter Lab, USA)와 CM-3500d(Minolta, Japan), 그리고 다른 수광 방식을 사용하는 miniature VIS reflection spectrometer인 Specbos 2100(JETI Technische Instrumente GmbH, Germany)를 이용하여 직경 15 mm, 두께 4 mm의 디스크로 제작한 광중합 복합레진의 색상을 측정하였다. Spcebos 2100은 분광 특성을 측정하는 기기이지만 주문에 의해 제조사에서 측색이 가능한 형태로 제공하였다. 3종의 측색 기기를 사용한 측색 결과를 분석한 결과 동일한 수광 방식, 광원 및 관찰자 각도를 적용한 2종의 기기 간에도 동일 색상에서 2.4-7.8까지의 색차(${\Delta}E^*$)를 보였으나, $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ 값은 기기 간에 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 서로 다른 수광 방식을 사용하는 기기 간에는 약 20 정도의 큰 색차(${\Delta}E^*$)를 보이며, 측정된 각 값 간에도 낮은 상관관계를 보였다. 이상의 결과는 반투명의 치과용 수복 재료나 치아의 측색 시 측색 기기간에도 색차가 나타날 수 있음을 시사하며, 이는 기기에 대해 측정된 색상을 절대적인 색상으로 적용하기보다는 상대적인 측정치로 이용하는 것이 바람직하리라 사료된다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.190-196
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• 2011

Effectiveness of edible coatings containing soy protein isolate (SPI), in reducing oxidative browning and moisture loss during storage ($4^{\circ}C$) of cut apples, potatoes, carrots, and onions was investigated. The SPI coatings were shown to have antioxidative activity. Furthermore, addition of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) to the formulations significantly improved its antioxidative activity. Oxidative discoloration, as determined by Commission Internationale De I'Eclairage (CIE) lightness ($L^*$), redness ($a^*$), and yellowness ($b^*$) color scale, was significantly reduced (p <0.05) by SPI coating treatments over a storage time of 120 min. Loss of lightness was reduced by SPI coatings with and without CMC. These respectively showed 4.03 and 3.71% change of $L^*$ value compared to 8.56% for control. Browning of the control in cut potatoes was significantly increased by 106.6% in contrast to 34.3 and 35.2% for SPI coatings with and without CMC, respectively. The $b^*$ values also reflected effectiveness of SPI. Moisture barrier effect was significantly better for the treatments, compared to the control. SPI coatings reduced moisture loss in apples and potatoes, respectively, by 21.3 and 29.6% over the control. Cut onions did not show any treatment effect both in terms of browning and moisture loss. SPI coatings prove to be good moisture barrier and antioxidative property.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2013

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the color characteristics and color sensibility of mulberry/cotton blended fabrics dyed with indigo, the natural dye, and analyze effects of them on color preferences. The values of CIE $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$ $C^*$, h were calculated for the color characteristics of indigo-dyed fabrics, and their hue, value, and chroma were calculated according to the Munsell color system. Fifty male and female college students evaluated the color sensibility of nine types fabrics dyed with indigo on a seven-point scale. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Kruscal-Wallis test, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The mulberry/cotton blended fabrics naturally dyed with indigo showed the characteristics of PB color tones, low value, and low chroma. The color sensibilities of fabrics dyed with indigo were classified into four factors: 'classic', 'sporty', 'elegant' and 'natural'. There were significant differences according to the fibers and the repeating times of dyeing in the color sensibility for the fabrics. Cotton fabrics were evaluated to be more classic, sporty, elegant, and natural than the mulberry/cotton blended fabrics, and the deeper the color, the more classic, sporty, and elegant the fabric was evaluated. The students preferred the indigo dyed fabrics which have more classic, sporty, and natural sensibility. There were significant relationships between the color sensibilities and colorimetric properties of the fabrics dyed with indigo. The color preferences of the dyed fabrics with indigo were found to be influenced by the 'classic', 'sporty', 'natural' of color sensibility.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.361-374
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• 2022

For this study, we designed and produced mulberry low-fat ice cream supplemented with synbiotics (MLF-ISS). The sensory characteristics and physical, chemical, and microbiological qualities of MLF-ISS were then determined. Mulberry juice inoculated with or without probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum TISTR 926 and Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745) was also tested at 37℃ for 24 h to determine probiotic growth rate, pH, total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity (AA). Only the TAC of mulberry juice inoculated with S. boulardii CNCM I-745 increased considerably (p < 0.05) among these parameters. MLF-ISS was produced with varied mulberry fruit concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, or 40%) (w/w). The MLF-ISS prepared with 30% mulberry fruit (w/w) (30-MLF-ISS) had a higher score in appearance, color, and sweetness (p < 0.05) when sensory qualities were measured using the 9-point hedonic scale method. In the CIE lab system (L^*, a^*, b^*), the color values of 30-MLF-ISS were 27.80 ± 0.26, 12.99 ± 0.59, and 1.43 ± 0.05, respectively. The 30-MLF-ISS was also subjected to a proximate analysis. The melting rate of 30-MLF-ISS was 0.29 ± 0.03 g/min and the time it took for the first drop to fall was 37.00 ± 7.00 min. TAC, TPC, and AA of 30-MLF-ISS were observed to alter significantly (p < 0.05) during varied intervals of storage at - 18℃ (0, 30, and 60 days). The viability of probiotics in 30-MLF-ISS slightly decreased after storage at -18℃ for 8 weeks, but remained about 6 log CFU/g. During storage at -18℃ for 0 and 120 days, no pathogenic bacteria were detected in 30-MLF-ISS. These findings show that 30-MLF-ISS has nutritional and functional value, is free of foodborne pathogenic bacteria, is safe for consumers' health, and is suitable for application in the ice cream and related food industries.