• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2011

In order to assess the survival success of microphytoplankton species in ship ballast water, we examined microphytoplankton diversity from international commercial ships berthed at Ulsan and Pyeongtaek Ports, Korea, and also subjected them to laboratory studies. The ages of ballast water in each ship ranged from 1 to 365 days. Vessels originated from coastal China (Weihai, Lianyunsang and Shanghai), Chile, and from the Yellow and Pacific Oceans. The numbers of species and phytoplankton standing crops in uploaded ballast water were significantly related to the age of ballast water. The most diverse taxonomic group was diatoms. In the laboratory study, the value of in vivo fluorescence in M/V Spring Lyra gradually increased with increasing nutrients such as nitrate and phosphate. Phytoplankton in new (9 days), medium (31 days) and old (365 days) ballast water successfully survived under typical nutrient condition of port water and F/2 medium at $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, whereas phytoplankton in ballast water treatment did not survive, regardless of optimal temperature. Colonization process was dominated by diatoms; Skeletonema coastatum for M/V Spring Lyra, Thalassiosira pseudonana and Thalassiosira for M/V Han Yang, Thalassiosira pacifica and Odontella aurita for M/V Modern Express, and Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus and Pseudo-nitzschia seriata for M/V Asian Legend. The successful establishment of non-native species was also related to nutrient richness. Our laboratory design can be applied as a practical tool to assess the survivability of invasive microphytoplankton introduced into local waters of Ulsan and Pyeongtaek.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.710-720
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• 2020

Tsunami occurred by a rapid change in the ocean floor is a natural disaster that causes serious damage worldwide. South Korea seems to be out of the range of this damage, but it is quite possible that South Korea will fall within the range due to the long-distance propagation features of tsunami and many earthquakes occurred in Japan. However, the analysis and preparation for tsunami have been still insufficient. In this paper, we propose a tsunami simulation model based on cellular automata for analyzing coastal inundation. The proposed model calculates the range of inundation in coastal areas by propagating the energy of tsunami using the interaction between neighboring cells. We define interaction rules and algorithms for the energy transfer and propose a software tool to effectively utilize the model. In addition, to verify and tune the simulation model, we used the actual tsunami data in 2010 at Dichato, Chile. As a case study, the proposed model was applied to analyze the coastal inundation according to tsunami height in Gwangali Beach, a famous site in Busan. It is expected that the simulation model can be a help to prepare an effective countermeasure against tsunami and be used for a virtual evacuating training.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-31
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• 2002

Precipitation variability around King Sejong Station related with E1 $Ni\~{n}o$/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is evaluated using the gauge-based monthly data of its neighboring stations. Though three Ant-arctic Stations of King Sejong (Korea), Frei (Chile), and Artigas (Uruguay) are all closely located within 10 km, their precipitation data show mostly insignificant positive or rather negative correlations among them in the annual, seasonal and monthly precipitation. This result indicates that there are locally large variations in the distribution of precipitation around King Sejong Station. The monthly data of Frei Station for 31 years (1970-2000) are analyzed for examining the ENSO signal in precipitation because of its longer precipitation record compared to other two stations. From the analysis of seasonal precipitation, it is seen that there is a tendency of less precipitation than the average during E1 $Ni\~{n}o$ events. This dryness is more distinct in fall to spring seasons, in which the precipitation decreases down to about 30% of seasonal mean precipitation. However, the precipitation signal related with La $Ni\~{n}a$ events is not significant. From the analysis of monthly precipitation, it is found that there is a strong negative correlation during 1980s and in the late 1990s, and a weak positive correlation in the early 1990s between normalized monthly precipitation at Frei Station and Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies in the $Ni\~{n}o$ 3.4 region. However, this relation may be not applied over the region around King Sejong Station, but at only one station, Frei.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.831-849
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• 2015

Seismic-design procedures for walls require that the confinement in the critical (plastic hinge) regions should extend over a length in the compression zone of the cross section at the wall base where concrete strains in the Ultimate Limit State (ULS) exceed the limit of 0.0035. In a performance-based framework, confinement is linked to required curvature ductility so that the drift demand at the performance point of the structure for the design earthquake may be met. However, performance of flexural walls in the recent earthquakes in Chile (2010) and Christchurch (2011) indicates that the actual compression strains in the critical regions of many structural walls were higher than estimated, being responsible for several of the reported failures by toe crushing. In this study, the method of estimating the confined region and magnitude of compression strain demands in slender walls are revisited. The objective is to account for a newly identified kinematic interaction between the normal strains that arise in the compression zone, and the lumped rotations that occur at the other end of the wall base due to penetration of bar tension yielding into the supporting anchorage. Design charts estimating the amount of yield penetration in terms of the resulting lumped rotation at the wall base are used to quantify the increased demands for compression strain in the critical section. The estimated strain increase may exceed by more than 30% the base value estimated from the existing design expressions, which explains the frequently reported occurrence of toe crushing even in well confined slender walls under high drift demands. Example cases are included in the presentation to illustrate the behavioral parametric trends and implications in seismic design of walls.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.360-364
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• 1996

유미흉이란 유미액이 유출되는 현상이다. 그리고 드물게 미만성 폐림프관종증도유미흥을유발하나 이에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 교실에서는 유미흥을 동반한미만성 폐림프관종증을경험하였기에 보고하는바이다. 환자는 3세된 여자로 기 침과 발열감을 주소로 내원하였다. 단순 흉부 될영상 양측성 흥막 유출 소견과 간질성 침윤 소견을 보였다. 검사실 소견상흥막 유출은유미액으로밝혀 졌으며,폐쇄식 흥강내 삽관술로조절되지않아흥관결찰술을시행하였다. 병리 조직 검사상흥막과 소엽간중격에서 림프관을따라내퍼세포들이 연결되어 있었으며 림프관이 증식된간질부위에평활근조직을관찰할수있었다. 술후, 수차례의 화학적 홍막 유착술을 시행하여 유미흥을 치료하였으며 환자는 퇴원후 10개월동안 특별한 문제없이 잘 지내고 있다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.107-127
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• 2016

한-칠레 FTA발효 이후 10년 이상의 기간이 경과하였음에도 아직까지 국내거래단계에서의 원산지 정보 유통과 관리는 FTA활용 이익의 수출자 편향성과 발급유인 부족 등의 원인으로 원활하게 이루어 지지 않고 있다. 또한 발급 유통되고 있는 원산지증빙서류의 경우에도 정확성이 담보되지 않아 최종 수출자가 발급하는 원산지증명서에 오류를 유발할 수 있는 등 다양한 문제를 내포하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 원산지(포괄)확인서의 발급과 유통을 장려할 수 있는 방안과 유통되는 국내거래단계 원산지정보의 정확성과 신뢰도를 제고하기 위한 방안을 찾아보았다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 우리 기업들의 원활한 FTA활용 지원을 위해 국내적 영역에서의 원산지(포괄)확인서의 유통 활성화와 오류 방지를 위한 제도적 보완책과 최종 수출자의 의도하지 않은 원산지증명서 오류로 인한 손실방지책의 도입방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2016

Observations of the damages to high-rise reinforced concrete (RC) wall building structures caused by by recent earthquakes in Chile ($M_w$ 8.8, February 2010) and New Zealand (February 2011, $M_L$ 6.3) have generally exceeded expectations. Firstly, this study estimated the seismic damage levels of 15-story RC box-type wall building structures using the analytical models calibrated by the results of a shaking table test on a 1:5 scale 10-story RC box-type wall building model. Then, the seismic fragility analysis of the prototype model was conducted by using the SAC/FEMA method and the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). To compensate for the uncertainties and variability of ground motion and its impacts on the prototype model, in the SAC/FEMA method, a total of 61 ground motion records were selected from 20 earthquakes, with a magnitude ranging from 5.9 to 8.8 and an epicentral distance ranging from 5 to 105km. In the IDA, a total of 11 ground motion records were used based on the uniform hazard response spectrum representing a return period of 2,475 years. As a result, the probabilities that the limits of the serviceability, damage control, and collapse prevention would be exceeded were as follows: from the SAC/FEMA method: 79%, 0.3%, and 0%, respectively; and from the IDA: 57%, 1.7%, and 0%, respectively.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.441-463
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• 2009

FTA is acting as a central axis to accomplish the worldwide trade liberalization as FTA has been globally spreading with competition. As the global economic depression and the trend of new protectionism are getting grave, and the trade liberalization of GATT and WTO is getting delayed, FTA is spread as an alternative. FTA is often called as RTA: Regional Trade Agreement(regional free trade agreement) which takes place mainly around the neighbor nations or regular districts, and these days, it is tending towards agreements between long distant nations, so, it's not limited to the regular districts. Among the FTA agreement items, in addition to the customs abolition, the opening and investment liberalization of service market like finance, communication etc., intellectual property rights are included in the government's target range. Korea also is actively proceeding FTA conclusion. Korean government has concluded the agreements with Singapore, european nations beginning from Chile concluded in 2003, and is proceeding more the negotiations with Japan, Canada, Mexico, India etc. Now in 2009, FTA of Korea-United States is actually waiting for just the passage of assembly ratification. But, if FTA becomes effective, because our domestic market should be entirely opened, it is expected that the blow against our domestic agricultural field which is weak, compared with that of the United States, a nation of worldwide agricultural products, is not an ordinary one. According to it, we need a whole plan to cope with, so, the purpose of this study is to suggest the strategy by comparing and analysing the Korean agricultural competitive power, and to find the other development stratagem.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.117-120
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• 1971

이화명충의 유충, 번데기, 성충에 $Co^{60}$ gamma ray를 조사하여 웅성불임기술에 관한 자료를 얻기위한 실험결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 번데기의 성비는 암컷 2,903에 대해 숫컷은 2,924이었다. 2) 번데기의 $(LD_{50})$은 암컷이 26KR, 숫컷이 26.7KR이었다. 3) 처리한 숫컷성충과 교미한 암컷의 평균 산란수는 고선량일수록 감소하며 난괴수는 증가하였다. 4) 숫컷의 $(SD_{90})$은 23KR이었으며 30KR 이상에서는 거이 불임이 유기되었다. 5) 웅성불임을 유기 시키기 위하여 방사선을 조사시키는 시기는 번데기 시기가(3-6일령) 가장 적합하다고 본다

• 천문학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2016

The Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) is a wide-field photometric system installed by the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI). Here, we present the overall technical specifications of the KMTNet observation system, test observation results, data transfer and image processing procedure, and finally, the KMTNet science programs. The system consists of three 1.6 m wide-field optical telescopes equipped with mosaic CCD cameras of 18k by 18k pixels. Each telescope provides a 2.0 by 2.0 square degree field of view. We have finished installing all three telescopes and cameras sequentially at the Cerro-Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) in Chile, the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO) in South Africa, and the Siding Spring Observatory (SSO) in Australia. This network of telescopes, which is spread over three different continents at a similar latitude of about -30 degrees, enables 24-hour continuous monitoring of targets observable in the Southern Hemisphere. The test observations showed good image quality that meets the seeing requirement of less than 1.0 arcsec in I-band. All of the observation data are transferred to the KMTNet data center at KASI via the international network communication and are processed with the KMTNet data pipeline. The primary scientific goal of the KMTNet is to discover numerous extrasolar planets toward the Galactic bulge by using the gravitational microlensing technique, especially earth-mass planets in the habitable zone. During the non-bulge season, the system is used for wide-field photometric survey science on supernovae, asteroids, and external galaxies.