• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.106-110
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• 2015

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a new clomiphene citrate (CC) regimen on preventing thin endometrial lining in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients receiving CC plus gonadotropin treatment with a timed intercourse cycle. Methods: A total of 114 women with PCOS were included in this trial. Patients were divided into two groups and treated in accordance with the controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) protocol. In group A, 104 COS cycles in 67 patients were included, and in each cycle 150 mg CC was given for three days, starting from day 3. In group B, 69 COS cycles in 47 patients were included, in which 100 mg CC was given for five days, starting from day 3. The thickness of the endometrium was measured on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection. Timed intercourse was recommended at 24 and 48 hours after the hCG injection. Results: Additional doses of human menopausal gonadotropin and the number of days of hCG administration were not significantly different between the two groups. Endometrial thickness on the day of hCG administration was significantly larger in group A than group B (4$9.4{\pm}2.1mm$ vs. $8.5{\pm}1.7mm$, p=0.004). The pregnancy rate was significantly higher in group A than in group B (38.4% vs. 21.7%, p=0.030). Conclusion: Three-day CC treatment resulted in a significantly higher pregnancy rate than the standard five-day CC treatment in a timed intercourse cycle in PCOS patients. Facilitating adequate endometrial growth via the early discontinuation of CC might be a crucial factor in achieving a higher pregnancy rate.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2016

Twenty crossbred steers ($400{\pm}40.1kg$ of initial body weight) were used to assess the effects of a dietary supplementation with crude glycerin (CG) as a substitute for corn grain on performance, carcass traits, and meat quality. Four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets were offered to the experimental animals (5 steers per treatment) for 121 days using randomized complete block design. The steers individually received dietary treatments containing 0%, 7%, 14%, and 21% of CG (88.91% pure) on a dry matter (DM) basis. The diets were offered ad libitum as total mixed rations twice daily. Weight gain and carcass traits were determined. At the end of the experimental period, the harvest data and carcass characteristics of the steers were recorded, and meat quality was determined. No significant effect of CG inclusion was observed in any of the growth performance and carcass characteristics traits studied. Also, there were no apparent effects of diets (p>0.05) on meat quality (pH, water holding capacity, drip losses, and cooking losses). The study concluded that CG could be used as a substitute for corn grain up to the level of approximately 21% of DM in the diets of finishing steers.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2013

Objective: To investigate outcomes of stimulated IVF cycles in which GnRH antagonist was omitted on the ovulation triggering day. Methods: A total of 86 women who underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with recombinant FSH and GnRH antagonist flexible multiple-dose protocols were recruited and prospectively randomized into the conventional group (group A) or cessation group (group B). The GnRH antagonist, 0.25 mg/day of cetrorelix, was started when the leading follicle reached 14 mm in diameter and was continuously administered until the hCG triggering day (group A, 43 cycles) or until the day before hCG administration (group B, 43 cycles). The maturity of oocytes, fertilization rate, embryo quality, and implantation and clinical pregnancy rates were evaluated. Results: The duration of ovarian stimulation, total dose of gonadotropins, serum estradiol levels on hCG administration day, and number of oocytes retrieved were not significantly different between the two groups. The total dose of GnRH antagonist was significantly lower in group B than group A ($2.5{\pm}0.9$ vs. $3.2{\pm}0.8$ ampoules, p<0.05). There was no premature luteinization in any of the subjects. The proportion of mature oocytes and fertilization rate were not significantly different in group B than group A (70.7% vs. 66.7%; 71.1% vs. 66.4%, respectively). There were no significant differences in the implantation or clinical pregnancy rates. Conclusion: Our prospective randomized study suggested that cessation of GnRH antagonist on the hCG administration day during a flexible multiple-dose protocol could reduce the total dose of GnRH antagonist without compromising its effects on pregnancy rates.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.89-95
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• 2021

As the influence of fine dust on society spreads gradually, the public's interest in indoor air is increasingly rising. Air-purifying plants are drawing keen attention due to their natural purifying function enabled by plant physiology. However, as their fine dust reduction mechanism is limited to adsorption only, vegetation bio-filters that optimize purification effects through integration with air-conditioning systems is rising as an alternative. In accordance with the relevant standard test methods, this study looked into the fine dust reduction assessment method by air-conditioning airflow volume that can be used for the industrial spread of vegetation bio-filters. In the case of PM₁₀ at 300 ㎍/m³, it was in the order of EG-B(3,500CMH, 29 min.) < EG-A (2,500CMH, 37 min.) < CG(0CMH, 64 min.) for reaching the maintenance level (100 ㎍/m³) of publicly used facilities. For reaching the WHO Guideline(50 ㎍/m³) requirement, it was in the order of EG-B (51 min.) < EG-A (160 min.) < CG (170 min.). In the case of PM_2.5, it was in the order of EG-B (26 min.) < EG-A (33 min.) < CG (57 min.) for reaching the maintenance level (50 ㎍/m³) of publicly used facilities. It was in the order of EG-B (48 min) < EG-A (140 min) < CG (158 min) for reaching the WHO Guideline (25 ㎍/m³) requirement. The findings from the analysis showed that fine dust can be reduced most efficiently when the system is operated at 3,500CMH level. The limitation of this study is that due to the absence of a way of assessing the stress of plants in vegetation bio-filters, generating optimal air-conditioning air flow of the relevant system and economics analysis against the existing facility-type air purification system have been clarified, which should be explored further though follow-up studies.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.183-189
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• 1994

We examined early development in loach(Misgurnus mizolepis) embryos with parthenogenetic agents well-known in mammals. Female loach was superovulated with an intraperitoneal injection of 15 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) per gram body weight. After 13 h of hCG injection, the oocytes were obtained from the abdomen. The oocytes were activated with 10% ethanol in tap water or fish Ringer's solution for 5, 10 and 15 minutes(eTW5, 10, 15 and eFRS5, 10, 15), respectively. The activation rates were 29% and 10% in eFRS10 and eFRS15, 5% and 6% in eTW10 and eTW15 by judging the cleaved blastomeres. Whereas, no parthenogenetic embryo was produced by tap water or fish Ringer's solution alone. The activation rate with the fish Ringer's solution was higher than that of tap water. No embryonic development was observed by calcium ionophore, A23187, at concentrations of 10, 20, 40 and 100$\mu$M when treated for 1, 2.5 and 5 minutes, respectively. The activation agents did not cause early development as in mammalian eggs. Therefore, the results suggest that fresh water fish may have a different egg activation pathway from that of mammals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.455-461
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• 2001

The effect of exogenous gonadotrophins on superovulation in rabbits was examined. One hundred and sixteen sexually mature California, Chinchilla and New Zealand White rabbits were randomly allocated to control (100 IU hCG), PMSG-treated (100 IU HCG following 150 IU PMSG) and FSH-treated groups (0.3 mg/head /12 h for 3 days followed by 100 IU hCG). All does were mated after hCG injection and were sacrificed or laparotomized within 1 to 4 days postcoitus for counting the number of ovulation points. The number of ovulations was higher in FSH-treated animals than in the control and PMSG-treated groups (37.2 vs. 10.4 and 14.5, p<0.05). Follicle haemorrhagicum was observed in many cases in the PMSG-treated group. No significant difference in ovulation number was observed between left and right ovaries regardless of gonadotropin treatment. In another experiment, 2-cell stage embryos were collected at 26 h postmating and blastomeres were separated by mechanical pipetting or gentle pressure with a fine glass needle. Aggregated or chimeric embryos were produced from two single blastomeres from two breeds, New Zealand White and Chinchlla, with different coat colors. All the embryos were cultured in Ham's F-10 medium supplemented with 1.5% BSA (bovine serum albumin fraction V) and 10% PRS (pregnant rabbit serum), and incubated in a humidified atmosphere with 5% $CO_2$ at $38^{\circ}C$. After development to morula or early blastocyst, the embryos were transferred into the oviducts of recipient does. Results showed that 7 out of 10 does (70%) receiving intact embryos (control) became pregnant and 41 kits were delivered. However, no pregnancy was obtained from the recipient of either denuded demi- or aggregated embryos. It is suggested that embryos without zona pellucida could not develop to term in rabbits.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 1998

Enucleation of oocytes is an important limiting step for embryo cloning. We propose an enucleation technique based on the removal of chromatin after oocyte activation by aspirating the second polar body containing complemented chromatin. In a preliminary experiment to determine an optimal age of oocytes enucleation in rabbits, oocytes were enucleated at 15~20 hours post hCG. Recently ovulated oocytes were enucleated at a higher rate than aged oocytes. Microsurgical removal of the complemented chromatin in the second polar body was significantly more effective in enucleating than aspiration of a larger cytoplasm volume surrounding the first polar body of metaphase-arrested oocytes(96.8% versus 70.4%; P〈0.05). Moreover, compared with a nuclear transplantation protocol based on enucleation of metaphase-arrested oocytes and preactivated oocytes followed by treatment with 5 $\mu$M ionomycin for 5 min and 2 mM DMAP for 1 hr, there was no significant difference in the rate of blastocyst development. The ease with which modified technique can be performed is likely to render this technique widely useful for research and practice on mammalian cloning.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.57 no.8
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• pp.27.1-27.6
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• 2015

This study was designed to investigate the effects of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and granulosa cells monolayer on nuclear maturation and cleavage rates of ovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). The COCs (n = 2814) were matured in maturation medium supplemented with various concentration of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (0, 5, 10, $15{\mu}g/ml$), oocytes were incubated at $39^{\circ}C$ with 5 % $CO_2$ for 24 h in three culture systems: (a) maturation medium (MM; n = 884), (b) co-cultured with granulosa cells (CG; n = 982) and (c) co-cultured with granulosa cells and cells were further cultured in MM for 12 h (CG + 12hMM; n = 948). Our results showed that ${\alpha}$-tocopherol had no effect on GVBD and MII as compared to control group, but when ${\alpha}$-tocopherol added to maturation medium the rate of cleavage decreased. This indicates interaction of above mentioned factors in any of the treatments showed no significant differences on the rate of maturation and cleavage stages (MII, GVBD and cleavage) (p > 0.05). The oocytes co-cultured with granulosa cells for 24 h had beneficial effects on cleavage rate. The maximum MII and cleavage rates were achieved when oocytes had extra 12 h culture in the maturation medium without granulosa cells. Results also showed our modified co-culture system (CG + 12hMM), improved rates of MII and the cleavage in comparison with other studied maturation systems.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.59-59
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• 2003

재래산양은 우리나라 고유의 유전자원으로서 보존뿐만 아니라 개량이 절실히 요구됨에도 불구하고 첨단생명공학기술을 이용한 연구가 극히 미진한 실정이다. 본 연구는 재래산양에 있어서 과배란처리에 의한 미수정 난자의 회수율 개선과 최적의 quality를 확보하기 위하여 과배란 처리 후 회수시간이 난포의 발달과 난자의 회수율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 공시동물은 체중 15kg 전후의 성숙한 미경산 재래산양으로서 발정동기화를 위하여 CIDR(Eazi Breed, InterAg, New Zealand)를 10일간 질내에 삽입하고 과배란 처리는 FSH를 CIDR 삽입 8, 9, 10일째에 12시간 간격으로 70mg을 감량법으로 투여하였으며, PGF2$\alpha$는 8일째에 FSH와 함께 투여하고 CIDR제거는 10일째에 제거와 동시에 hCG 400IU를 투여하였다. 수정란회수는 외과적인 방법으로 실시하였으며, 난관에서 관류방법으로 난자를 회수한 다음 난포에서 흡입방법으로 난포란을 회수하였다. hCG 투여 후 29~34시간과 46~50시간에 관찰된 난포수는 두당 10.29개(144/14) 및 7.83개(47/6)였다. 또한 난포로부터 난포란의 채란율은 각각 66.0%(95/144) 및 53.2%(25/47)였으며, 두당 6.79$\pm$0.9개 및 4.17$\pm$1.1개의 난자를 채란하였다. hCG 투여 후 회수시간에 따른 난관에서 회수한 난자 수는 29~34시간 및 46~50시간 후 채란시 배란점은 평균 4.36개(61/14) 및 7.33개 (44/6)였으며, 난관에서 난자 채란율은 39.3%(24/61) 및 29.5%(13/44)였으며, 재래산양 한마리당 평균 1.71$\pm$0.5개 및 2.17$\pm$1.4개의 난자를 채란하였다. 난관으로부터 회수한 난자의 회수율은 29~34시간째에는 61개의 배란점을 확인하였으나 회수한 난자수는 24개로서 39.3%의 회수율을 보였고 두당 회수율은 1.71$\pm$0.5개였으며, 46~50시간에서는 29.5%의 회수율과 2.17$\pm$1.4개의 두당 회수율을 보였다. 회수한 난포란의 등급에 있어서 29~34시간에 등급별 회수율이 각각 GI(27.4%), GII(14.7%), GIII(43.2%), GIV(14.7%)로 나타났으며, 46~50시간에는 GI(12.0%), GII(12.0%), GIII(28.0%), GIV(48.0%)로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 미성숙 난자의 회수는 hCG 투여 후 29~34시간이 적합한 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2011

A precision measurement and digital image restoration of the 5th century's gilt bronze cap of Baekje dynasty, excavated from the ancient tomb of Andong, Goheung in 2006, was undertaken. The objective of the scanning is to preserve precise feature of the artefact in the form of digital data by embodying it in 3 dimensional space. Acquirement of the data has been undertaken in the following process : 3D scanning to obtain 3D shape and color information(original data photographing)-3D modelling(joining original data and restoring non-photographed or damaged area)-CG image production. Production of restoration CG image was based on joined shape of original data and each part's measurement on CAD. Non-photographed part and area of loss was restored referring actual measurement and research result of excavated cap from the 5th to 8th century. 3D image restoration is one of artefact restoration methods which restores artefact without risk. It is also undertaken with historical research. As result, this method can enhance aesthetic and academic value of the artefact by successful restoration.