• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.652-656
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• 2014

Mercury amount in vapor phase from 3 types of CFL(compact fluorescent lamp) are estimated by measuring mercury concentration in vapor phase. The mercury concentration in vapor phase from CFL is sharply decreased during initial time and then the change in the mercury concentration is slightly decreased up to 24 hours. The mercury concentration in vapor phase is almost constant after 42 hours, which can be called by stabilized concentration. It can be estimated that the stabilized concentration is caused by the evaporation of mercury in the residues of broken CFL and can be affected by temperature and pressure in crushing apparatus. The mercury concentration for CFL manufactures are in the order of A < B < C as the same results of the initial mercury concentration and the stabilized concentration in vapor phase. As increased air flow rate, the partial pressure of mercury is decreased and the amount of mercury is reduced. Initially, the mercury concentration in vapor phase emitted from CFLs is higher than the regulatory level of $0.1mg/m^3$ in the specific facilities regardless of air flow rate. Hence, it is absolutely necessary that mercury in vapor phase should be controlled at the point of crushing campact fluorescent lamp.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 1999

Compact fluorescent lamps are very sensitive to the variation of ambient temperature. This paper investigates the temperature characteristics of a 15[W] compact fluorescent lamp, and compensates the variation of light output by frequency control of its electronic ballast. Circuit parameters for the inverter of the electronic ballast are obtained by analyzing the R-L-C equivalent circuit for the inverter and the lamp. The optimum ratio of the two capacitance($C_1$/$C_2$), which are connected with the lamp in series and in parallel, respectively, is determined which consideration of the temperature variation within a range of 10~35[$^{\circ}C$]. As a result a value of 10 for the ratio is obtained at an operating frequency of 57[kHz], and with this value the frequency control works well for temperature compensation. Its validity is verified by investigating light output stabilization characteristics resulting from frequency control of the lamp at various temperatures.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2006.07b
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• pp.1037-1038
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• 2006

CFL(Compact Fluorescent Lamp)는 기존에 사용되던 백열 램프를 바로 대치할 수 있고, 백열 전구에 비하여 광 효율이 우수하다는 장점으로 인해서 사용처가 점점 증가되고 있는 추세이다. 하지만 등기구가 가지는 공간적인 제약으로 인해서 EMI 필터와 PFC 회로를 내장할 수 없으며, 램프에서 발생한 열이 직접적으로 안정기 회로에 영향을 주어 안정기 내부 온도가 매우 높게 상승한다는 점으로 인해서 다양한 기능을 갖는 전용 ballast control IC를 사용할 수 없었다. 이러한 이유로 인해서 toroidal core를 이용한 자려식(self-excited) 동작 방법이 주로 이용되어왔다. 이러한 자려식 발진 방법은 설계하기가 까다롭기 때문에 램프 점등 전에 램프 필라멘트를 예열한 이후에 점등을 하는 rapid start 방법을 구현하기 어려웠다. 본 논문은 fairchild 반도체에서 만든 CFL 전용 ballast IC가 가지는 특성에 대해서 다루었다. IC 내부에 안정기 동작을 제어하기 위한 제어 부분과 두 개의 MOSFET를 내장하고 있어 안정기 구성에 필요한 공간을 최소화할 수 있고, 부하 상태를 검출하여 항상 Active ZVS 동작을 하도록 하는 기능을 내장하고 있어서 스위칭 손실을 최소화할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.26 no.10
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• pp.778-784
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• 2013

In order to develop a LED luminaire for naval-submarines which can replace a conventional one with two-compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) of 18 W, we analyzed the electrical and optical performance of the conventional luminaire. A LED luminaire was fabricated as compact as possible based on the analyzed data. The weight of the prototype LED luminaire is 1.8 kg, reducing up to 58% of the conventional one. The use of LED package for the submarine luminaire could reduce the power consumption from 38 W to 14.5 W with the same optical performance. The reason is that the optical efficacy of the LED luminaire improved by 2.47 times as 61.9 lm/W, compared to 25.1 lm/W for the conventional one.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.738-742
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• 2012

This paper conducted a study on how the heat radiation of light emitting diode(LED) luminaires affects the indoor temperature increase. The effect was compared with that of a 20 W compact fluorescent lamp(CFL) and a 50 W MR16 halogen lamp which are most widely used inside of cruises, a LED downlight and a 4W MR16 LED replacing each of them. We installed a luminarie inside a thermally shielded chamber, measuring the temperature changes under the same volume every 5 minutes and compared the result with theoretically calculated heat radiation. The temperature changes in the chamber was measured four times, on seven hours' period in order to keep sufficient time once the temperature reaches the thermal equilibrium state. The results showed that the temperature of the 20 W E26 CFL and the 10 W LED downlight increased by $21.1^{\circ}C$ and $10.4^{\circ}C$ respectively, while that of the 50 W halogen MR16 and the 4 W LED MR16 increased by $33.9^{\circ}C$ and $4.8^{\circ}C$ respectively. The experimental heat radiation were calculated from the results and the experimental heat radiation of the CFL and the LED downlight were 171.5 cal and 86.5 cal, and those of the halogen MR16 and the LED MR16 were 275.3 cal and 36.5 cal. Therefore, the heat radiation was reduced by 49.5% and 86.7%, respectively, by replacing conventional light source with LED. In conclusion, we can expect a reduction of power consumption in air condition system and the effect on indoor temperature increase by application of LED luminaires.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.207-219
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• 2016

Incandescent (INC) lamps have been commonly used to promote flowering of long-day (LD) plants during short-day (SD) seasons, but production of INC lamps has been prohibited due to their low energy efficiency. One of the light sources replacing INC lamps is a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL). This study was carried out to compare the flowering and morphological responses of LD annuals grown in a controlled environment greenhouse at $20^{\circ}C$ with a truncated 9-h SD and a 2- or 4-h night interruption (NI) or 6-h day extension (DE) provided by lighting from INC lamps, CFLs, or a combination of the two (INC + CFLs), in which red (R) to far-red (FR) ratios were 0.60, 8.46, and 0.91, respectively, and their PPFDs were $2.3{\pm}0.3{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$. After 12 weeks of treatment, $Petunia{\times}hybrida$ 'Wave Purple' plants did not flower under the SD photoperiod whereas 100% flowered under all of the LD treatments. Flowering was more rapid under the INC or INC + CFL lighting treatments compared to CFL and DE, and 4-h NI enhanced flowering compared to 2-h NI. In addition, plants under DE and 4h-NI generally flowered earlier than under 2-h NI. All petunia 'Single Dreams Red' plants flowered within 65 days after treatment, and flowering was hastened by some LD lighting regimens and lamp types. Plants under DE and 4h-NI generally flowered earlier than under 2-h NI INC or INC + CFL compared to FL, and flowering time under INC 6-h DE was earliest. In addition, INC lighting promoted stem elongation of both petunia cultivars. In both pansy (Viola${\times}wittrockiana$) 'Coiossus Yellow' and 'Delta Blue Blotch', LD treatments, especially using INC lamps, promoted flowering whereas the lighting period had little influence on days to flowering. Therefore, INC or INC + CFL with lower R:FR promoted flowering and stem extension and the promoting effect was larger with longer lighting periods. These results suggest that CFLs can be used to provide LDs to promote the flowering of petunia and pansy and to reduce stem elongation, although the promoting effect on flowering is sometimes less than that of INC lamps alone.